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Scientific Name Trigonella foenumgraecum Family Fabaceae Legume family Origin Native to the Mediterranean region southern Europe and western Asia Type Annual herb Height Ranges from 20 to 60 cm 8 to 24 inches Leaves Composed of three small obovate to oblong leaflets Flowers Small yellowishwhite and peashaped flowers Fruits Pods containing 1020 small hard yellowishbrown seeds Seeds Shape Oblong or rhomboid Color Yellow to light brown Odor Characteristic sweet maplelike aroma Uses Culinary Used as a spice flavoring agent and thickening ingredient in cooking Medicinal Known for its benefits in managing diabetes aiding digestion boosting lactation and reducing inflammation Cosmetic Used in hair and skincare products for its nourishing properties Climate and Soil Requirements Grows well in temperate to subtropical climates Prefers welldrained fertile soils with a pH range of 6 to 7 Requires moderate watering and thrives in sunny environments

Scientific Name Origanum vulgare Common Names Oregano Wild Marjoram Family Lamiaceae Mint family Plant Type Perennial herb Origin Native to the Mediterranean region Europe and parts of Asia Physical Description Height Typically grows between 2080 cm 831 inches Leaves Ovalshaped dark green leaves with a slightly fuzzy texture 24 cm long Flowers Small tubular pink purple or white flowers blooming in clusters during late spring to summer Aroma Strong warm and slightly spicy fragrance due to its high essential oil content Growing Conditions Climate Prefers warm sunny environments and thrives in Mediterranean climates Soil Welldrained soil slightly alkaline to neutral pH 6080 Watering Droughttolerant requires moderate watering Sunlight Full sun exposure is ideal Uses Culinary Widely used as a seasoning in Mediterranean Italian and Mexican cuisines It complements dishes like pizzas pasta sauces roasted vegetables and grilled meats Medicinal Known for its antimicrobial antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties Used in teas tinctures and essential oils for respiratory and digestive health Essential Oil Extracted for aromatherapy and natural remedies due to its carvacrol and thymol content Cosmetic Sometimes used in skincare for its antibacterial effects Harvesting and Storage Harvesting Leaves are best harvested just before the plant flowers for maximum flavor and oil content Drying Leaves can be airdried in a shaded wellventilated area to retain their aroma Storage Store dried oregano in airtight containers away from heat and light for prolonged freshness

Scientific Name Carum carvi Family Apiaceae Umbelliferae family Plant Description Caraway is a biennial herbaceous plant It typically grows to a height of 3070 cm The plant has finely divided feathery leaves and small white or pink flowers arranged in umbrellalike clusters umbels Climate and Soil Thrives in temperate climates Prefers welldrained clay or loamy soils rich in organic matter Parts Used Seeds The most commonly used part known for their culinary and medicinal properties Leaves and Roots Sometimes used fresh as a herb or vegetable Uses Culinary Uses Seeds are used as a spice especially in bread like rye bread savory dishes and soups Medicinal Uses Known for its digestive benefits caraway seeds help relieve bloating gas and indigestion They are also used to stimulate appetite and alleviate colic Aromatic Uses The essential oil from caraway seeds is used in perfumes soaps and cosmetics Essential Oils Caraway seeds contain volatile oils such as carvone and limonene which give the plant its characteristic aroma and flavor Cultivation and Harvesting Caraway is usually sown in autumn or spring and harvested after 90120 days The seeds are ready for harvest when they turn dark brown and the umbels begin to dry

Scientific Name Coriandrum sativum Common Names Coriander Cilantro Chinese parsley Family Apiaceae Plant Type Annual herb Height 3050 cm 1220 inches Leaves Shape Bright green feathery leaves with lobed edges Aroma Strong citrusy and slightly spicy Flowers Color Small white to pale pink flowers Shape Arranged in umbels Seeds Shape Small round and ridged Color Light brown when dry Uses Used as a spice for culinary and medicinal purposes Cultivation Requirements Climate Prefers mild climates temperatures of 17 27C Soil Welldrained fertile soil with a pH of 60 75 Watering Moderate and consistent Uses Culinary Leaves are used fresh in salads soups and garnishes seeds are used as a spice Medicinal Known for digestive antiinflammatory and antimicrobial properties

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