Paul Charleston

Aviation Jet Fuel is a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines. It is colourless to straw coloured in appearance. The most commonly used fuels for commercial aviation are Jet A and Jet A1, which are produced to a standardised international specification. The only other jet fuel commonly used in civilian turbine-engine powered aviation is Jet B, which is used for its enhanced cold-weather performance. Jet fuel is a mixture of a variety of hydrocarbons. Because the exact composition of jet fuel varies widely based on petroleum source, it is impossible to define jet fuel as a ratio of specific hydrocarbons. Jet fuel is therefore defined as a performance specification rather than a chemical compound. Aviation Jet Fuel is commonly referred to as JP54. However, this is the wrong terminology as there is no such grade of Jet Fuel. Jet A and Jet A1 are what refineries offer. Aviation Jet fuel Gas is what powers turbine aircraft engines. Worldwide, Jet Fuel is the most used low Sulphur content Kerosene. For instance, Colonial JP54 is similar to Jet A except the energy is 18.4 mj/Kg compared to the 42.8 MJ/kg of Jet A. Most importantly there is also a slight difference in additives. Aviation Jet Fuel B is used for its extremely cold weather performance. However, aviation Jet fuel Bs lighter composition makes it more dangerous to handle. For this reason, it is rarely used except in very cold climates. A blend of approximately 30% Kerosene and 70% Gasoline. Because of its very low freezing point (60 C (76 F), it is known as a wide cut fuel and has a low flash point as well. Aviation Jet Fuel B is primarily used in some military aircraft. In Canada, it is also used because of its freezing point. Aviation Kerosene standards are published as GOST10227-86. The standard consists of different properties. It separates paraffin and gasoline in the refinery. Military organisations around the world use a different classification system of JP (for Jet Propellant) numbers. Some are almost identical to their civilian counterparts and differ only by the amounts of a few additives. For instance, Jet A1 is similar to JP 8, Jet B is similar to JP 4. Military fuels are highly specialised products and are developed for very specific applications. Jet fuels are sometimes classified as kerosene or naphtha type. Kerosene type fuels include Jet A, Jet A1, JP 5 and JP 8. Naphthatype jet fuels, sometimes referred to as wide cut Jet Fuel, including Jet B and JP 4.

Original Jet A1 Fuel is a high-performance aviation fuel designed for use in turbine-engine aircraft. Known for its excellent combustion properties, it ensures safe, efficient, and reliable operation of aircraft, meeting international quality and safety standards.

QUOTATION FOR AVIATION FUEL JET A1 QUANTITY: 1,000,000BBL and above DELIVERY TERMS: CIF, TTO, FOB TERMS AND CONDITION Delivery: CIF, FOB, TTO Origin: Kazakhstan Inspection: Quality and Quantity inspection will Be Conducted at the Loading Port by SGS or equivalent Payment Method: DLC MT 700/ 760 /SBLC MT700/760 / MT103, TT wire. Shipment Method: Via Pipeline, Tanker Vessel, Bulk, Truck, and Rail Way Delivery Port: Any Safe World Port of Buyer Choice.

Property Specification Density @ 15 C 775 - 840 kg/m Flash Point Minimum 38C Freezing Point Maximum -47C Viscosity @ -20C Maximum 8.0 mm/s (cSt) Smoke Point Minimum 25 mm Aromatics Content Maximum 25% by volume Sulfur Content Maximum 300 mg/kg Hydrogen Content Minimum 13.4% by mass Total Acidity Maximum 0.015 mg KOH/g Electrical Conductivity 50 - 600 pS/m (if required) Lubricity (BOCLE) Minimum 0.85 mm Thermal Stability (JFTOT) Minimum 260�°C (Filter Pressure Differential: Maximum 25 mm Hg) Water Content Maximum 70 mg/kg

Aviation Jet Fuel is a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines. It is colourless to straw coloured in appearance. The most commonly used fuels for commercial aviation are Jet A and Jet A1, which are produced to a standardised international specification. The only other jet fuel commonly used in civilian turbine-engine powered aviation is Jet B, which is used for its enhanced cold-weather performance. Jet fuel is a mixture of a variety of hydrocarbons. Because the exact composition of jet fuel varies widely based on petroleum source, it is impossible to define jet fuel as a ratio of specific hydrocarbons. Jet fuel is therefore defined as a performance specification rather than a chemical compound. Aviation Jet Fuel is commonly referred to as JP54. However, this is the wrong terminology as there is no such grade of Jet Fuel. Jet A and Jet A1 are what refineries offer. Aviation Jet fuel Gas is what powers turbine aircraft engines. Worldwide, Jet Fuel is the most used low Sulphur content Kerosene. For instance, Colonial JP54 is similar to Jet A except the energy is 18.4 mj/Kg compared to the 42.8 MJ/kg of Jet A. Most importantly there is also a slight difference in additives. Aviation Jet Fuel B is used for its extremely cold weather performance. However, aviation Jet fuel Bs lighter composition makes it more dangerous to handle. For this reason, it is rarely used except in very cold climates. A blend of approximately 30% Kerosene and 70% Gasoline. Because of its very low freezing point (60 C (76 F), it is known as a wide cut fuel and has a low flash point as well. Aviation Jet Fuel B is primarily used in some military aircraft. In Canada, it is also used because of its freezing point. Aviation Kerosene standards are published as GOST10227-86. The standard consists of different properties. It separates paraffin and gasoline in the refinery. Military organisations around the world use a different classification system of JP (for Jet Propellant) numbers. Some are almost identical to their civilian counterparts and differ only by the amounts of a few additives. For instance, Jet A1 is similar to JP 8, Jet B is similar to JP 4. Military fuels are highly specialised products and are developed for very specific applications. Jet fuels are sometimes classified as kerosene or naphtha type. Kerosene type fuels include Jet A, Jet A1, JP 5 and JP 8. Naphthatype jet fuels, sometimes referred to as wide cut Jet Fuel, including Jet B and JP 4.

Available stock in Rotterdam tank farm for jet fuel A1: CI DIP AND PAY FOB PROCEDURE 1. Buyer sends ICPO, Company Profile along with current and valid TSA company registration certificate+ buyer passport number + company profile to seller on receipt of seller's soft corporate offer. 2. Seller issues commercial invoice of the product in tanks at the port of Rotterdam and returns commercial invoice. 3.seller will provide the Proof of Product (PPOP) documents for product verification Which include Tank Storage Receipt (TSR) Certificate of origin Statement of Product Availability, Authorization to Verify (ATV), and Dip Test Authorization (DTA) Letter. 4.After successful verification of the PPOP, the buyer will contact the seller's Tank Storage Company to request a 1-day payment invoice to enable Buyer obtain all the necessary authorization and clearance for a Dip Test schedule. *Or* Buyer must have a minimum of 10 days TSR to avoid one day tank extension. 5.Upon a successful Dip Test conducted in the seller's tanks, the buyer will make the payment for the total product cost based on the SGS Report via MT103. The seller will transfer title ownership to the buyer and send all exportation documents. The buyer can then either transfer the product into a vessel or take over the seller's tanks for further storage. 6. Upon a successful Dip Test conducted in the seller's tanks, the buyer will make the payment for the total product cost based on the SGS Report via MT103. The seller will transfer title ownership to the buyer and send all exportation documents. The buyer can then either transfer the product into a vessel or take over the seller's tanks for further storage. 7. All intermediaries involved in the transaction will sign a Non- Circumvention, Non-Disclosure Agreement (NCNDA) and International Master Fee Protection Agreement (IMFPA). These documents will be forwarded to the seller for endorsement, and the seller will provide the Endorsed NCNDA/IMFPA and Authorization to Sell and Collect (ATSC).

TTT procedure: EN590 10pm price $460/MT, Jet fuel A1 price $76/BBL (1) FREE ON-BOARD TRANSACTION PROCEDURE - (TANK TO TANK). Rotterdam, Houston, Fujairah, Jurong, Ningbo-Zhoushan 1. Buyer issues an official ICPO with the seller's procedure, passport copy, banking details along with their Tank Storage Agreement "TSA". 2. Seller issues their Commercial Invoice "CI" to the buyer, Buyer signs and returns the commercial invoice to the seller along with an Acceptance Letter of the sales and purchase procedure. 3. Seller verifies the buyer's storage facility and their Tank Storage Agreement (TSA) with the port authority. (NB: Seller will issue a Tank-to-Tank Injection Agreement (TTIA) to be signed by all parties only if buyer's TSA is engaged, not active or cannot be verified with the local port authority). 4. Seller issues all POP documents below to the buyer upon a successful verification and approval of the buyer TSA or after receiving the TTIA fully signed by all parties: a. Injection Report. b. Product Passport. c. 24 Hours SGS Report. d. Product Certificate of Origin. e. Tank Storage Receipt (TSR). f. Authorization to sell and collect. g. Unconditional Dip-Test Authorization. h. Product Title Holder Transfer Agreement. i. NCNDA/IMFPA. 5. If required buyer may inspect by SGS (Dip Test In Tanks) at buyer's expense. 6. Upon successful verification of POP or Dip Test in the seller's tank, buyer provides Tank Storage Receipt (TSR) to seller in order to issue the scheduled Injection Programming (IP) to be signed by buyer storage facility and then injects the product into buyer's tanks. 7. Buyer makes the payment for the product via MT103, seller transfers the Title Holder & Ownership of the product to the Buyer. 8. After successful Trial Lift (First Lift), Seller issues SPA/Contract for 12 months with R&E to Buyer for processing. 9. Seller pays commissions to all intermediaries involved, for the initial lift and all subsequent lifts according to the signed NCNDA/IMFPA.

The full name of Jet Fuel A1 is the aviation Kerosene Colonial Grade 54 Jet Fuel JP 54 Jet fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gasturbine engines It is clear to strawcolored in appearance The most commonly used fuels for commercial aviation are Jet A and Jet A1 which are produced to a standardized international specification Jet fuel is a mixture of a large number of different hydrocarbons The range of their sizes is restricted by the requirements for the product for example the freezing point or smoke point Kerosenetype jet fuel has a carbon number distribution between about 8 and 16 carbon numbers carbon atoms per molecule wide cut or naphthatype jet fuel including Jet B between about 5 and 15 carbon number Jet A1 is the standard specification fuel used in the rest of the world Jet A1 has a flash point higher than 38C 100 F with an autoignition temperature of 210 C 410 F