Elevation: 900-1100 m MSL Rainfall: 1000-1200 mm Main Indian coffee type: Arabica The total area under Coffee: 20,000 ha Average production: 3,100 MT Main varieties: S.795, Sln.4, San.5, Cauvery Main intercrops: Pepper, Mango, Jackfruit, Vegetables Home to colorful parrots, the Araku Valley is situated in the Eastern Ghats of northern Andhra Pradesh and southern Orissa. The development of coffee plantations here is more recent. It has been a boon to the tribal populations here since it has provided them with a viable alternative to their traditional methods of shifting cultivation. Indian Coffee from Araku Valley is characterized by the medium body, medium to sharp acidity, and intense aroma with spicy notes.
Elevation: 1000-1500 m MSL Rainfall: 1750-2200 mm Main coffee type: Arabica The total area under Coffee: 15,000 ha Average production: 10,500 MT Main varieties: S.795, Sln.9, Cauvery Intercrops: Pepper, Cardamom, Arecanut The birthplace of Indian Coffee, Bababudangiris, is named in honor of the legendary saint Baba Budan1 â?? who brought Coffee to India. With a peak altitude of 1500 meters, the region is frequented by spotted deer. The coffee plantations here produce full-bodied Arabicas, which ripen at a relatively slower pace due to mild weather conditions. The Indian Coffee from these carefully selected beans, which are processed through natural fermentation, has a full-body, acidity, sweet flavor, and unmistakable aroma with a hint of chocolate
Elevation: 1500-2000 m MSL Rainfall: 1100-1200 mm Main coffee type: Arabica The total area under Coffee: 800 ha Average production: 700-800 MT Main varieties: S.795, Sln.9, Cauvery Main intercrops: Orange, Banana, Pepper Major wildlife presence: Sambar The literal meaning of Biligiris is white hills, and these hills in south-eastern Karnataka get the name because their peaks are covered with silver clouds and white mist for most of the year. They are among the highest altitude coffee growing regions in India, and the most famous variety coming from this region is the high elevation S.795 Arabica. The Indian Coffee ripens slowly under a mild shade of silver oaks and fruit trees and has a full-body, lovely aroma and a unique sweet flavor
Elevation: 800-1200 m MSL Rainfall: 1500-2000 mm Main coffee type: Arabica The total area under Coffee: 5,000 ha Average production: 300 MT Main varieties: S.795, Cauvery Main intercrops: Pineapple, Pepper, Jackfruit, Vegetables Indian Coffee is grown in all the eight states of Northeast â?? Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Manipur, Tripura, Sikkim, and Nagaland. The Brahmaputra river â?? which flows across Assam and Arunachal Pradesh â?? is the lifeline of this region, which is home to the mighty one-horned rhinoceros found in Kaziranga National Park. Although current production levels are relatively low, the Arabica coffee from this region is unique with a medium to full body, a uniquely fruity essence, mild degrees of acidity, and a pleasant aroma.
Elevation: 700-1200 m MSL Rainfall: 1000-4500 mm Main coffee types: Arabica, Robusta The total area under coffee: Arabica 37,000 ha, Robusta 23,000 ha Average production: Arabica 29,000 MT, Robusta â?? 30,000 MT Main varieties: Arabica S.795, San.5B, Sln.9, Cauvery Robusta Peridenia, S.274, CXR Main intercrops: Pepper, Cardamom, Arecanut, Orange, Vanilla Chikmagalur in Karnataka is especially renowned as a tourist paradise with dense forests and wildlife sanctuaries with (among other species) colorful peacocks apart from substantial coffee plantations. It is home to the Central Indian Coffee Research Institute and is also called the Coffee Country of India. The Arabica beans from this region produce Indian Coffee that has a medium body coupled with light acidity and flavor, and medium to the intense aroma
Elevation: 750-1100 m MSL Rainfall: 1000-2500 mm Main coffee types: Arabica, Robusta The total area under coffee: Arabica â?? 26,000 ha, Robusta 56,000 ha Average production: Arabica 24,000 MT, Robusta â?? 69,000 MT Main varieties: Arabica S.795, Sln.6, Sln.9, Cauvery; Robusta S.274, CxR Main intercrops: Pepper, Cardamom, Orange, Banana, Arecanut Coorg is India's largest coffee-producing district. The district, which is also famous for its honey, is the source of the Cauvery river and has a rich history associated with the brave Kodava warriors. The region produces both Arabicas and Robustas. The Arabica coffees from Coorg are lightly acidic with a mild flavor and intense aroma, while the Robusta coffees are soft and neutral, with hues of chocolate
Elevation: 900-1100 m MSL Rainfall: 1000-2500 mm Main coffee types: Arabica, Robusta The total area under coffee: Arabica 31,700 ha, Robusta 9,400 ha Average production: Arabica 21,000 MT, Robusta 9,500 MT Main varieties: Arabica S.795, Sln.6, Sln.9, Cauvery Robusta S.274, CxR Main intercrops: Pepper, Cardamom, Orange, Arecanut, Banana Major wildlife presence: Jungle fowl Manjarabad is a relatively small geographical Coffee growing area between Chikmagalur and Coorg, with medium-elevation mountains and rainfall ranging from 1000-2500 mm. The region is characterized by gentle sloping terrains and small streams and is home to the jungle fowl. Although it is a small region, the mixed shade Arabicas produced here are among the best, and planters in the area are known for employing innovative technologies. Coffees from Manjarabad have a medium to full body, mild acidity, medium to intense aroma, and pleasant flavor
Elevation: 900-1400 m MSL Rainfall: 1600-2600 mm Main coffee types: Arabica, Robusta The total area under Coffee: Arabica , 3,600 ha, Robusta , 4,000 ha Average production: Arabica ,1,400 MT, Robusta , 2,800 MT Main varieties: Arabica S.795, Kents, Cauvery Robusta, Peridenia, S.274, CxR Main intercrops: Pepper, Orange, Banana, Ginger, Vegetables Major wildlife presence: Spotted leopards Nilgiris, or the Blue Mountains, are situated on the Western Ghats and have elevations ranging from 5000 feet to 8800 feet. Besides its wildlife sanctuaries that host the spotted leopard, the region is known for some of the best Kents Arabica (as well as high-quality teas). The coffee beans are bold and bluish-green and ripen slowly in the mild climate. Nilgiri coffee has a full body, sharp acidity, beautiful aroma, and sweet flavor
Elevation: 600-2000 m MSL Rainfall: 1000-1600 mm Main coffee type: Arabica The total area under Coffee: 14,000 ha Average production: 7,500 MT Main varieties: S.795, San.5B, Sln.9, Sln.10, Cauvery Main intercrops: Orange, Banana, Pepper, Cardamom, Vegetables The Pulleys hill range is situated adjacent to the popular Kodaikanal hill resort on the southernmost tip of the Western Ghats. Among the unique features of this hill, the field is the bluebell-like Kurinji flower that is visible only once in 12 years. Some of the best Arabicas are grown here like S.795, S1n.10, and Cauvery. These coffees have a medium body, medium-plus acidity, and a slight flavor coupled with a citrus aroma.
Elevation: 900-1500 m MSL Rainfall: 800-1500 mm Main coffee type: Arabica The total area under Coffee: 5,000 ha Average production: 3,000 MT Main varieties: S.795, Cauvery, Sln.9 Main intercrops: Orange, Banana, Pepper The Sheveroys region has abundant lakes and tall peaks, where premium Arabica coffees like S.795, S1n.9, and Cauvery are grown at altitudes of up to 5000 feet under silver oaks. The berries mature at a slow rate and acquire a bluish-green color. They produce Coffee with a medium body, good acidity, and a slight flavor with a tinge of spice. The lower areas of the hills in the region are frequented by the Gaur or Indian bison.
Elevation: 400-1600 m MSL Rainfall: 2000-4000 mm Main coffee type: Robusta The total area under Coffee: 13,000 ha Average production: 9,000 MT Main varieties: S.274, CxR Main intercrops: Pepper, Banana, Ginger, Vegetables, Medicinal plants Travancore is an erstwhile princely state in southern Kerala, where lotus flowers are often found growing in shallow waters. Two separate Indian coffee growing areas are part of the region â?? Idduki (mostly Robusta) and Nelliampathys (both Arabica and Robusta). The mountains of Idduki are of medium to a high elevation and are also home to numerous plantation crops, spices, and medicinal plants. Nelliampathys, on the other hand, is well known for the CxR variety of robusta coffee. These Robustas have a full body and sweet taste with very little bitterness
Elevation: 600-900 m MSL Rainfall: 1100-1200 mm Main coffee type: Robusta The total area under Coffee: 67,000 ha Average production: 54,000 MT Main varieties: Peridenia, S.274, CxR Main intercrops: Pepper, Banana, Ginger, Vegetables Wayanad in northern Kerala is the largest Robusta-producing region in India with medium-altitude, gently sloping hills with fertile laterite soil. A wide variety of plantation crops are grown in the small coffee plantations in this region, including spices and condiments, as well as staple foods like yam. Wayanad coffees are prepared from the washed Arabicas of Chikmagalur, Coorg, Biligiris, Bababudangiris, and Shevaroys. The coffee beans are broad, bluish-green in color, and have a clean, polished appearance. The CXR and S.274 Robusta varieties from Wayanad are famous for their soft to neutral essence, full body, and intense aroma with hints of chocolate.
Zari is an even thread traditionally made of fine gold or silver used in traditional Indian, Pakistani and Persian garments and other materials such as curtains, etc. Zari is woven into fabrics, primarily made of silk, felt or velvet to create intricate patterns. The thread is Also used as a raw material for Cardoza embroidery, which is one of the oldest and most beautiful embroidery styles of India. It is Used extensively in clothing and home decoration. Four types of sari are produced in India, namely, real sari, semi real sari, imitation sari and plastic sari. Main clusters: Surat is the home of sari Industry in India. Other clusters Producing sari are Bareilly, Varanasi, Agra, Hyderabad, Lucknow, Vadodara, Lather, Jaipur, Barer, etc. Artisans involved: Surat, which caters about 55%42 of the total sari demand, has over 15,700 sari units, employing about 1.05 lakh artisans43. Furthermore, 50,000 artisans provide support service to the cluster. Raw material used: Real sari is made of silver and electroplated with gold, whereas Semi real sari has a composition of copper coated with silver and gold electroplating. Imitation Zari is made of copper electroplated with silver. Plastic sari, is manufactured using metallic yarn. Other materials used for making sari include cotton yarn, silk and art silk. Real sari is used in costly product; however, its use is limited compared to imitation and plastic
The leather industry, including leather footwear, is one of the oldest traditional industries in India. India has a capacity of producing about 900 million pairs of leather footwear and 100 pairs of leather shoe uppers44. Leather and allied industries in India play an important role in terms of providing employment to a large number of artisans and also earn foreign exchange through exports. Main clusters: The major production centers in India are Chennai and Rapine in Tamil Nadu), Mumbai in Maharashtra), Agra, Lucknow, and Kanpur in Uttar Pradesh, Jalandhar in Punjab, Delhi, Carnal and Faridabad in Haryana, Kolkata in West Bengal, Jaipur and Jodhpur in Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha, and Calicut in Kerala. Artisans involved: Leather footwear manufacturing employs over one lakh people Across the country45. According to Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI),2,091 tanneries are functioningg across the country28. Raw mThe rawrial used: Hides of cattle, buffalo, sheep ,and goats are the main raw materials Used for leather footwear production. Generally, it takes 7 to 21 days for hides to reach the tannery after the animal has been skinned. Other raw materials used for manufacturing leather footwear are synthetic materials, laces, adhesives, MCR (micro cellular rubber) sheet, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) & TPR (thermos plastic rubber) unit soles. Manufactured is designed based on market demand and raw material requirement is estimated
India is known worldwide for its leather products. In rural areas, hide from cattle and camel is locally cured and after tanning, it is used to make different items. Leather products such as jackets, lampshades, pouches, bags, belts, wallets, and stuffed toys are exported from India in large quanquantitiesather bags & wallets account for maa jor portion of total exports. Main clusters: Leather products are produced in several regions, as different regions have different leather products to offer. Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, and UP are the top states in terms of manufacturing (leather products excluding footwear) units. The Council for Leather Exports plans to establish six more leather clusters in the country by 2017. Artisans involved: The leather industry employs about 25 lakh people47, mostly from weaker sections of society. The country is fan acing acute shortage of human resoThe rawes. Raw material used: India has plenty of raw materials, as the country haworldof the worlds Cattle/buffalo,the and 11% of sheep population
Carpet industry is one of the oldest industries in India, and isexport-orientedrt oriented industry. Various kinds of carpets are manufactured in India. These include hawoolented woollen carpetwoolened woollen carpets, woolene woollen durries, and pure silk carpets. There different designs hold different meanings48: Circle â?? Eternity Zigzag â?? Water and Lightening Swastika â?? Guiding light in darkness Meandering line â?? Continuity of life Tree â?? Bounty Entire carpet â?? Emblem of Eternity Entire pattern â?? Visible world of change Main clusters: Over the years, various carpet weaving centre have emerged in India. Eaccenterre has its own competitive advantage. Majocenterses of carpet production are Badoni, Varanasi, Mirpur, Agra, Jaipur, Bikaner, Kashmir, and Pan pat, Gwalior, West Bengal, Uttara hand, Karnataka and Elluru in Andhra Pradesh. Artisans involved: Indian carpet industry has over 2,500 exporters-cum-manufacturers and two million artisans49. Raw material used: Major raw materials used for carpet manufacturing are fibre and or yarn form, dyes, chemicals, auxiliaries and ancillary materials
India is one the leading producers of rugs in the world. Various kinds of rugs produced in India are namda (felted rugs), gabba (embroidered rugs), wooden pile rugs, cotton rugs, etc. When compared to rugs and carpets, durries are light, often Reversible, and usually made with cotton. Durries have found daily use in rural villages of India. Different parts of India have localized durrie tradition. The panja durrie is amongst multitude of styles. Main clusters: Rug production is concentrated in the following regions: Agra, Bhadoi, Mirpur in UP, Jaipur in Rajasthan, Pan pat in Haryana, and Kashmir in Jammu and Kashmir. Regions known for durrie making are Pan pat, Bhavani in Tamil Nadu, Navalgund in Karnataka, Warangal in Andhra Pradesh, and Jaisalmer and Barer in Rajasthan. Artisans involved: Raw material used: Generally, cotton and wool are used as primary raw material for durrie Making. Main tool used is a vertical frame composed of two horizontal beams on which the warp is fitted
Handloom industry represents the rich cultural and traditional heritage unique to India. India is a major handloom producer in the world, accounting for 85% of the total production globally53. India produces a variety of products using all kinds of fibres and yarns of varying counts to produce the widest range of products. Handloom contributes 14.6% to the total cloth production in the country (excluding wool, silk and yarn). In 2010-11, handloom production stood at 6.9 billion square meters. Further, the industry has the largest infrastructure with 23.8 lakh weaving looms54. Main clusters: There are 470 handloom clusters, of which 230 clusters have more than 1,000 weaving looms. Out of these 230 clusters, 41 clusters have over 25,000 weaving looms55. Major clusters in India are Bahraich, Bhuj, Karimnagar, Patan, Varanasi, Nawan, Shaher, Boudh, etc. Artisans involved: Handloom industry is second largest employment generator in India, next only to agriculture. It provides employment to the low income sections of the society, with 86 % handloom weavers/workers living in rural and semi- urban areas. As per the Handloom Census of 2009-10, there are 23.8 lakh handlooms, employing 43.3 lakh handloom weavers and allied workers1. Raw material used: Raw materials cost constitutes a major portion (40-60%) of the total production cost of handloom products. Yarn is the main raw material used in handloom production. Handloom industry consumes a diverse range of yarns from natural viz. cotton, wool, silk, jute to artificial viz. synthetic, Cellulose and multiple blends of such yarns. Other materials used are chemicals, dyes, etc.
In textile hand embroidery, embellishment is made on fabric with threads and sometimes with other materials. Various types of hand embroideries are practiced in India. Each type of embroidery is different from the other and has its own beauty and significant value. Cardoza, one of such embroidery, is one the world famous textile hand embroidery craft. Main clusters: In India there are many popular embroidery clusters such as Chikankari and zardozi of Lucknow, katha of Bengal, fulkari of Punjab, kutchi embroidery of Gujarat and kashidakari of Kashmir. Cardoza has been traditionally prevalent in Lucknow and the six Surrounding districts of Barabanki, Unnao, Sitapur, Rae Bareli, Hardoi and Amethi. Lucknow zardozi has been accorded the Geographical Indication (GI) registration. Artisans involved: The Lucknow zardozi cluster supports an estimated 1.75 lakh artisans. Around 2 lakh people directly involved in the supply and value chain in the cluster. Further, the Chikankari cluster of Lucknow provides employment to 2.5 lakh people. Raw material used: Basic materials used for this craft are cotton and silk threads of various colours, mirrors, beads, metal wire, cotton, silk, leather, fish skin, teeth, bones, feathers, horn, shells, beetle wings, tassels, coins. Raw material used for Chikankari embroidery includes untwisted mill yarn (Muga), silk, crepe, organise, cotton, terry-cotton, chiffon, muslin or Tussar Yarn.
Hand printed textiles is a craft in which cloth is dyed with hand or Printed using shapes. Various types of hand printing practiced in India are block printing, batik, kalmkari (hand printing by pen) and bandhani (tie and die). Main clusters: Process: Sanganeri style printing Some of the important centres of this craft are in the states of Andhra Pradesh (Hyderabad, Machalipattnam), Uttar Pradesh (Varanasi, Farrukabad), Orissa, Madhya Pradesh (Bagh, Behrongarh, Indore, Mandsar, and Burhanpur), Gujarat (Ahmedabad, Rajkot, and Kutch), Maharashtra and Rajasthan (Bagru, Chittroli, Sanganer, Jaipur, and Jodhpur). Originally natural dyes were used for printing, however, in the current scenario they have been replaced by chemical and artificial colours. Hand printing is undertaken on both cotton and silk fabrics of varying counts. Main tools for hand printing (block printing) are wooden/metal blocks of different shapes, paatiya (table padded with jute and covered with cloth on which the fabric to be printed is spread across), brushes (for cleaning the flocks of wax), heating vessel (to maintain temperature of the mendh), indigo vats, steel chisels, and metal sheets. Block printing is a common art practiced all over India. Steps involved in Mendh Ki chapai (block printing)of Rajasthan are shown below. The process in its entirety takes about 15-20 days. Washing and Drying are carried out after every step. Sourcing of raw material Grey fabric is sourced from Erode in Tamil Nadu
