Robusta coffee (or Robustas) has twice the level of caffeine compared to Arabicas. Robusta coffees have a robust taste, a grainy essence, and an aftertaste somewhat similar to that of peanuts. It is possible to grow this variety at lower heights. Robusta coffee plants are harvested from December to February, and can better withstand the onslaught of unfriendly weather and plant pests. These types of coffee beans have a better yield and take less time to bear fruit than Arabicas. Although the Arabica variety is preferred in international markets, high-quality robusta coffee is also highly sought after in espressos due to their strong taste and the crema1 that they help generate. Two popular varieties of Robusta coffee are: S.274 Coffee CxR Coffee
Kents the earliest variety of Arabica coffee was selected by an English planter with the same name during the 1920s. It remained popular with farmers until the 1940s due to the lower susceptibility of this particular coffee plant to rust. Although it is currently grown in a few areas only, Kents coffee is known for its exceptional cup quality
The most popular variety of Arabica coffee in India, S.795, was launched in the 1940s. The S.795 coffee plant is known for its superior quality, high yields, bold beans, and better relative tolerance to leaf rust. The S.795 coffee plant was developed using the Kents Arabica coffee plant, known for its top quality. A widely cultivated Arabica variety, it has a balanced cup with the subtle flavor notes of Mocha coffee.
Also known as Catimor, the Cauvery coffee plant is a hybrid descendent of Caturra (a natural mutant of the high-quality Bourbon variety) and Hybrido-de-Timor. The Cauvery coffee plant inherited the superior quality attributes of Caturra and the fierce resistance of Hybrido-de-Timor
The Selection 9 coffee plant is a hybrid between Tafarikela (an Ethiopian Arabica collection) and the sturdy and resistant Hybrido-de-Timor. It boasted of all the superior cup quality traits of Tafarikela. It won the Fine Cup Award for best Arabica at the Flavour of India â?? Cupping Competition 2002 organized by Indian Coffee Board.
Coffee from Anamalais (Tamil Nadu) Elevation: 1000-1400 m MSL Rainfall: 2500-3000 mm Main coffee type: Arabica The total area under Coffee: 2,500 ha Average production: 1,500 MT Main varieties: S.795, Cauvery, Sln.9 Main intercrops: Pepper, Orange, Banana The Anamalais region is known for its wildlife sanctuaries â?? with spotted leopards and elephants. This medium-altitude mountain range on the southern tip of the Western Ghats experiences high rainfall. The plantations are home to high-grown Arabicas, including the exotic Kents. The Arabicas here are finely grown broad types of coffee beans that are greyish green in color and tend to be more balanced with a strong aroma coupled with citrus essence.
Elevation: 900-1100 m MSL Rainfall: 1000-1200 mm Main Indian coffee type: Arabica The total area under Coffee: 20,000 ha Average production: 3,100 MT Main varieties: S.795, Sln.4, San.5, Cauvery Main intercrops: Pepper, Mango, Jackfruit, Vegetables Home to colorful parrots, the Araku Valley is situated in the Eastern Ghats of northern Andhra Pradesh and southern Orissa. The development of coffee plantations here is more recent. It has been a boon to the tribal populations here since it has provided them with a viable alternative to their traditional methods of shifting cultivation. Indian Coffee from Araku Valley is characterized by the medium body, medium to sharp acidity, and intense aroma with spicy notes.
Elevation: 1000-1500 m MSL Rainfall: 1750-2200 mm Main coffee type: Arabica The total area under Coffee: 15,000 ha Average production: 10,500 MT Main varieties: S.795, Sln.9, Cauvery Intercrops: Pepper, Cardamom, Arecanut The birthplace of Indian Coffee, Bababudangiris, is named in honor of the legendary saint Baba Budan1 â?? who brought Coffee to India. With a peak altitude of 1500 meters, the region is frequented by spotted deer. The coffee plantations here produce full-bodied Arabicas, which ripen at a relatively slower pace due to mild weather conditions. The Indian Coffee from these carefully selected beans, which are processed through natural fermentation, has a full-body, acidity, sweet flavor, and unmistakable aroma with a hint of chocolate
Elevation: 1500-2000 m MSL Rainfall: 1100-1200 mm Main coffee type: Arabica The total area under Coffee: 800 ha Average production: 700-800 MT Main varieties: S.795, Sln.9, Cauvery Main intercrops: Orange, Banana, Pepper Major wildlife presence: Sambar The literal meaning of Biligiris is white hills, and these hills in south-eastern Karnataka get the name because their peaks are covered with silver clouds and white mist for most of the year. They are among the highest altitude coffee growing regions in India, and the most famous variety coming from this region is the high elevation S.795 Arabica. The Indian Coffee ripens slowly under a mild shade of silver oaks and fruit trees and has a full-body, lovely aroma and a unique sweet flavor
Elevation: 800-1200 m MSL Rainfall: 1500-2000 mm Main coffee type: Arabica The total area under Coffee: 5,000 ha Average production: 300 MT Main varieties: S.795, Cauvery Main intercrops: Pineapple, Pepper, Jackfruit, Vegetables Indian Coffee is grown in all the eight states of Northeast â?? Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Manipur, Tripura, Sikkim, and Nagaland. The Brahmaputra river â?? which flows across Assam and Arunachal Pradesh â?? is the lifeline of this region, which is home to the mighty one-horned rhinoceros found in Kaziranga National Park. Although current production levels are relatively low, the Arabica coffee from this region is unique with a medium to full body, a uniquely fruity essence, mild degrees of acidity, and a pleasant aroma.
Elevation: 700-1200 m MSL Rainfall: 1000-4500 mm Main coffee types: Arabica, Robusta The total area under coffee: Arabica 37,000 ha, Robusta 23,000 ha Average production: Arabica 29,000 MT, Robusta â?? 30,000 MT Main varieties: Arabica S.795, San.5B, Sln.9, Cauvery Robusta Peridenia, S.274, CXR Main intercrops: Pepper, Cardamom, Arecanut, Orange, Vanilla Chikmagalur in Karnataka is especially renowned as a tourist paradise with dense forests and wildlife sanctuaries with (among other species) colorful peacocks apart from substantial coffee plantations. It is home to the Central Indian Coffee Research Institute and is also called the Coffee Country of India. The Arabica beans from this region produce Indian Coffee that has a medium body coupled with light acidity and flavor, and medium to the intense aroma
Elevation: 750-1100 m MSL Rainfall: 1000-2500 mm Main coffee types: Arabica, Robusta The total area under coffee: Arabica â?? 26,000 ha, Robusta 56,000 ha Average production: Arabica 24,000 MT, Robusta â?? 69,000 MT Main varieties: Arabica S.795, Sln.6, Sln.9, Cauvery; Robusta S.274, CxR Main intercrops: Pepper, Cardamom, Orange, Banana, Arecanut Coorg is India's largest coffee-producing district. The district, which is also famous for its honey, is the source of the Cauvery river and has a rich history associated with the brave Kodava warriors. The region produces both Arabicas and Robustas. The Arabica coffees from Coorg are lightly acidic with a mild flavor and intense aroma, while the Robusta coffees are soft and neutral, with hues of chocolate
Elevation: 900-1100 m MSL Rainfall: 1000-2500 mm Main coffee types: Arabica, Robusta The total area under coffee: Arabica 31,700 ha, Robusta 9,400 ha Average production: Arabica 21,000 MT, Robusta 9,500 MT Main varieties: Arabica S.795, Sln.6, Sln.9, Cauvery Robusta S.274, CxR Main intercrops: Pepper, Cardamom, Orange, Arecanut, Banana Major wildlife presence: Jungle fowl Manjarabad is a relatively small geographical Coffee growing area between Chikmagalur and Coorg, with medium-elevation mountains and rainfall ranging from 1000-2500 mm. The region is characterized by gentle sloping terrains and small streams and is home to the jungle fowl. Although it is a small region, the mixed shade Arabicas produced here are among the best, and planters in the area are known for employing innovative technologies. Coffees from Manjarabad have a medium to full body, mild acidity, medium to intense aroma, and pleasant flavor
Elevation: 900-1400 m MSL Rainfall: 1600-2600 mm Main coffee types: Arabica, Robusta The total area under Coffee: Arabica , 3,600 ha, Robusta , 4,000 ha Average production: Arabica ,1,400 MT, Robusta , 2,800 MT Main varieties: Arabica S.795, Kents, Cauvery Robusta, Peridenia, S.274, CxR Main intercrops: Pepper, Orange, Banana, Ginger, Vegetables Major wildlife presence: Spotted leopards Nilgiris, or the Blue Mountains, are situated on the Western Ghats and have elevations ranging from 5000 feet to 8800 feet. Besides its wildlife sanctuaries that host the spotted leopard, the region is known for some of the best Kents Arabica (as well as high-quality teas). The coffee beans are bold and bluish-green and ripen slowly in the mild climate. Nilgiri coffee has a full body, sharp acidity, beautiful aroma, and sweet flavor
Elevation: 600-2000 m MSL Rainfall: 1000-1600 mm Main coffee type: Arabica The total area under Coffee: 14,000 ha Average production: 7,500 MT Main varieties: S.795, San.5B, Sln.9, Sln.10, Cauvery Main intercrops: Orange, Banana, Pepper, Cardamom, Vegetables The Pulleys hill range is situated adjacent to the popular Kodaikanal hill resort on the southernmost tip of the Western Ghats. Among the unique features of this hill, the field is the bluebell-like Kurinji flower that is visible only once in 12 years. Some of the best Arabicas are grown here like S.795, S1n.10, and Cauvery. These coffees have a medium body, medium-plus acidity, and a slight flavor coupled with a citrus aroma.
Elevation: 900-1500 m MSL Rainfall: 800-1500 mm Main coffee type: Arabica The total area under Coffee: 5,000 ha Average production: 3,000 MT Main varieties: S.795, Cauvery, Sln.9 Main intercrops: Orange, Banana, Pepper The Sheveroys region has abundant lakes and tall peaks, where premium Arabica coffees like S.795, S1n.9, and Cauvery are grown at altitudes of up to 5000 feet under silver oaks. The berries mature at a slow rate and acquire a bluish-green color. They produce Coffee with a medium body, good acidity, and a slight flavor with a tinge of spice. The lower areas of the hills in the region are frequented by the Gaur or Indian bison.
Elevation: 400-1600 m MSL Rainfall: 2000-4000 mm Main coffee type: Robusta The total area under Coffee: 13,000 ha Average production: 9,000 MT Main varieties: S.274, CxR Main intercrops: Pepper, Banana, Ginger, Vegetables, Medicinal plants Travancore is an erstwhile princely state in southern Kerala, where lotus flowers are often found growing in shallow waters. Two separate Indian coffee growing areas are part of the region â?? Idduki (mostly Robusta) and Nelliampathys (both Arabica and Robusta). The mountains of Idduki are of medium to a high elevation and are also home to numerous plantation crops, spices, and medicinal plants. Nelliampathys, on the other hand, is well known for the CxR variety of robusta coffee. These Robustas have a full body and sweet taste with very little bitterness
Elevation: 600-900 m MSL Rainfall: 1100-1200 mm Main coffee type: Robusta The total area under Coffee: 67,000 ha Average production: 54,000 MT Main varieties: Peridenia, S.274, CxR Main intercrops: Pepper, Banana, Ginger, Vegetables Wayanad in northern Kerala is the largest Robusta-producing region in India with medium-altitude, gently sloping hills with fertile laterite soil. A wide variety of plantation crops are grown in the small coffee plantations in this region, including spices and condiments, as well as staple foods like yam. Wayanad coffees are prepared from the washed Arabicas of Chikmagalur, Coorg, Biligiris, Bababudangiris, and Shevaroys. The coffee beans are broad, bluish-green in color, and have a clean, polished appearance. The CXR and S.274 Robusta varieties from Wayanad are famous for their soft to neutral essence, full body, and intense aroma with hints of chocolate.
Zari is an even thread traditionally made of fine gold or silver used in traditional Indian, Pakistani and Persian garments and other materials such as curtains, etc. Zari is woven into fabrics, primarily made of silk, felt or velvet to create intricate patterns. The thread is Also used as a raw material for Cardoza embroidery, which is one of the oldest and most beautiful embroidery styles of India. It is Used extensively in clothing and home decoration. Four types of sari are produced in India, namely, real sari, semi real sari, imitation sari and plastic sari. Main clusters: Surat is the home of sari Industry in India. Other clusters Producing sari are Bareilly, Varanasi, Agra, Hyderabad, Lucknow, Vadodara, Lather, Jaipur, Barer, etc. Artisans involved: Surat, which caters about 55%42 of the total sari demand, has over 15,700 sari units, employing about 1.05 lakh artisans43. Furthermore, 50,000 artisans provide support service to the cluster. Raw material used: Real sari is made of silver and electroplated with gold, whereas Semi real sari has a composition of copper coated with silver and gold electroplating. Imitation Zari is made of copper electroplated with silver. Plastic sari, is manufactured using metallic yarn. Other materials used for making sari include cotton yarn, silk and art silk. Real sari is used in costly product; however, its use is limited compared to imitation and plastic
The leather industry, including leather footwear, is one of the oldest traditional industries in India. India has a capacity of producing about 900 million pairs of leather footwear and 100 pairs of leather shoe uppers44. Leather and allied industries in India play an important role in terms of providing employment to a large number of artisans and also earn foreign exchange through exports. Main clusters: The major production centers in India are Chennai and Rapine in Tamil Nadu), Mumbai in Maharashtra), Agra, Lucknow, and Kanpur in Uttar Pradesh, Jalandhar in Punjab, Delhi, Carnal and Faridabad in Haryana, Kolkata in West Bengal, Jaipur and Jodhpur in Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha, and Calicut in Kerala. Artisans involved: Leather footwear manufacturing employs over one lakh people Across the country45. According to Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI),2,091 tanneries are functioningg across the country28. Raw mThe rawrial used: Hides of cattle, buffalo, sheep ,and goats are the main raw materials Used for leather footwear production. Generally, it takes 7 to 21 days for hides to reach the tannery after the animal has been skinned. Other raw materials used for manufacturing leather footwear are synthetic materials, laces, adhesives, MCR (micro cellular rubber) sheet, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) & TPR (thermos plastic rubber) unit soles. Manufactured is designed based on market demand and raw material requirement is estimated
