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Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), is an annual herb that belongs to the umbel family (Apiaceae), and Known locally in Sudan as Kazbra. It displays broad adaptation as a crop around the world, growing well under many different types of soil and weather conditions, even at extreme latitudes and elevations.
Coriander has long been cultivated in the Mediterranean region, southern Europe, Asia Minor and the Caucasus. It is found wild in Egypt and the Sudan. In recent years; principal commercial coriander producers included Russia, India, Morocco, Pakistan, Iran, Egypt, Guatemala, Mexico, Argentina and Sudan.
Coriander seeds Contents:
Coriander seed oil is included among the 20 major essential oils in the world market and its commercial value depends on its physical properties, chemical composition, and aroma .The essential-oil content of the dried fruits varies from very low (0.03%) to a maximum report of 2.7% . Linalool is the main volatile compound in seeds, typically constituting more than 50% of the total essential oil. Fatty acids are also important components of coriander seeds; the main fatty acids detected in coriander, in decreasing order, are petroselenic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids.Furthermore, cleavage of the unusual double bond in petroselenic acid leads to the production of lauric acid, to obtain surfactants and edible products, and adipic acid for nylon synthesis. Residues from distillation can be used for livestock feed, and the fatty acids also have potential uses as lubricants.
Specifications of Coriander seeds
Color: Yellowish Brown Color Volatile oil : 0.3 % Total Essential Extract : 11- 25 %
SO2 Residues : A maximum value of 10 ppm is allowed
Ash. Max 7 %
Moisture Max. 10 %
100% free from pesticide residue

1-SUDAN PIGEON PEAS
Sudan Pigeon peas is cultivated in New Halfa area, Gadaref, Al Gazera and small areas of Kordofan and South Sudan, WHICH GIVES THE BEST AND SUITABLE ENVIROMENT OF TRPICAL CLIMATE, black cotton soil, well drained with a PH ranging from 7.0 - 8.5. AND 15-18�°C temperature
It is sometimes known as the Congo pea or Gunga pea. Pea is a perennial legume from the family Fabaceae. Its cultivation can be tracked back more than 3,500 years. Also known as Adaseya or Lubiya in Sudan. The crop can maintain growth with poor soils and little water
2-GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS OF SUDANESE PIGEON PEAS
ITEM DESCRIPTION
MOISTURE 8% MAXIMUM
PROTIEN 16% MINIMUM
BROKEN GRAINS 1% MAXIMUM
FORIEN MATTER 3% MAXIMUM
3-BENEFITS AND USAGE
According to nutrition expert pigeon peas are excellent source of magnesium, phosphorus, calcium and potassium. The legume is rich in protein content and provides an adequate amount of iron, carbohydrates and fats that provides the human body with the energy needed to perform the functions of daily life. It also contains dietary fiber, potassium, vitamin B and C.

Therefore, it is described as an afforded source for preventing anemia (iron), particularly for pregnant women, and the resulting neural tube defects in unborn tissues, muscles and bones and helps in curing joints and backbone pains. It helps in maintaining healthy heart and digestion (due to its fiber contents).
Pigeon pea is as well known for its medicinal uses. Leaves are used as treatment of coughs, bronchitis, diarrhea, hemorrhages, sores, and wounds. Diabetes and sore throats can likewise be treated using other plant parts of pigeon pea As food.
The Sudanese mainly use the boiled dry seeds. They add either sugar and fat or salt, with onion and sesame oil.

Its consumption is related to the Muslim Holy Month of Ramadan, happy occasions and karama (alms organized as thanks giving to Allah).

However, of recently, specialists are recommending expansion of pigeon pea use, particularly for school pupils and students boarding houses, as a cheap and equally rich nutritional source.

Though it was first domesticated in India and grown there for thousands of years, still New Delhi has of recently started importing Sudanese pigeon pea due to its extra characteristics.
Dried, pigeon peas are a main ingredient in Indian dals, Caribbean and African rice dishes, soups and stews. They are sometimes paired with green mango and fresh coconut. As beans, they need to be soaked and cooked for an hour or two.
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