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1. What is PFAD PFAD stands for Palm Fatty Acid Distillate. It is a processing residue resulting from physical refining of crude palm oil products. At room temperature it is a light brow semi-solid, melting to a brown liquid on heating. Up to 80 percent of PFAD is free fatty acid (FFA), with palmitic acid and oleic acid being the major components. The remaining 20 percent is made up of components including triglycerides, partial glycerides, and vitamin E, sterols and squalene's. 2.How is PFAD used? PFAD is used as a renewable raw material in biofuels production as well as to produce candles, soaps, other oleochemical products, and animal feed. Specific to biofuel production in Europe, the EU allows Member States to account PFAD consumption towards greenhouse gas emissions reductions under its Renewable Energy Directive. The amount of emissions reductions depends on the PFAD technical classification, a residue or co-product, which is up to the individual Member State. To verify the emissions reductions, the EU relies on voluntary certification schemes, such as the International Sustainability and Carbon Certification system. 3.What are the benefits6 of using PFAD Producing renewable fuels using PFAD is good for the climate. It is an efficient way to use waste generated through the palm oil refining process, preventing PFAD from going to literal waste. A by-product that is undesirable from the food industry perspective can be very desirable for other sectors. Neste MY Renewable Diesel7 which is refined from PFAD and other waste and residue materials, such as Used Cooking Oil (UCO), helps to replace crude oil-based diesel in transportation. Using Neste MY Renewable Diesel can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 90 percent on average compared to a diesel-powered vehicle using conventional fossil fuel-based diesel.

Calcium carbonate mud (carb-cake) is pressed, washed, and squeezed under pressure in fully automatic mud presses to reduce its sugar and moisture content, the produced press mud contains around 25% moisture (w/w) as measured by loss on drying (LOD). The resulting mud press looks like aggregates of small gravels thatâ??s composed of microcin sized crystals. The Flow characteristics of such aggregates are very poor and makes it difficult to fill the trailer of disposal truck which requires more journeys to dispose the whole quantity. Below are the physical and chemical properties of the produced wet carbo-cake Main Constituents in (wt%) SiO2 3.82 TiO2 0.03 Al2O3 0.9 Fe2O3 0.38 MgO 0.61 CaO 44.73 Na2O 0.22 K2O 0.2 P2O5 0.4 SO3 0.96 Cl 0.03 LOI at 550C 30 LOI at 1000C 48 Rb2O 0.001 MnO 0.019 NiO 0.005 CuO 0.012 ZnO 0.004 SrO 0.013 Dried Carbo-cake converts it into free-flowing powder with a bulk density of 1.1 and reduced weight in total resulting in reduction moisture to less than 5% and increasing its flowability characteristics Areas of application Concrete ready mix Filler in paper industry Filler in plastic manufacturing Filler in concrete mix to adjust some physical and chemical properties

Ethanol Alcoholic Beverages: Ethanol is the primary alcohol found in alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, and spirits. It is produced through fermentation of sugars by yeast. Industrial Applications: Solvent: Ethanol is widely used as a solvent in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, paints, and inks. It can dissolve a wide range of substances, making it valuable in extraction processes and as a cleaning agent. Fuel: Ethanol is used as a biofuel additive in gasoline (usually referred to as ethanol fuel or E85), promoting cleaner combustion and reducing emissions. Medical and Pharmaceutical Uses: Antiseptic: Ethanol is an effective disinfectant and antiseptic agent used in healthcare settings for cleaning skin and medical instruments. Preservative: Used in pharmaceutical preparations and cosmetics to improve stability and shelf life. Food and Flavorings: Ethanol is used in food processing as a solvent for extracts, flavorings, and as a carrier for food additives. Laboratory Applications: Chemical Reagent: Ethanol is commonly used in laboratories as a solvent and reagent in various chemical reactions and synthesis processes.

CHF 19,03â??CHF 107,02 including VAT, excluding shipping Size 1 litre 5 litres 10 litres Very suitable for non-ferrous and precious metals, brass, nickel and titanium. The product is liquid, emulsifying, silicate and phosphate-free, mildly alkaline. It also removes greasy fingers and hand sweat Weight n/a Size 1l, 5l, 10l

Size 1 litre 5 litres 10 litres 25 litres 200 litres A fastevaporating spray thinner for nitro combinationbased paints By thinning it is possible to adjust the brush roller or spray viscosity For all synthetic resin nitro and industrial paints Preliminary tests are necessary for 2K paints medium evaporation preliminary tests are recommended for 2K epoxy Weight n/a Size 1l, 5l, 10l, 25l, 200l

Size 5 litres 10 litres 25 litres 200 litres Universal thinner with excellent compatibility and dissolving power for all common binding agent and paint systems. Very suitable for all synthetic resin, nitro and construction paints as well as all industrial paints. Very good flow when spraying. Preliminary tests are recommended for 2K PUR paints, 2K DD paints (Desmodur and Desmophen) and 2K epoxy paints. With fast-medium evaporation Weight n/a Size 5L, 10L, 25L, 200L

Size 1 litre 5 litres 10 litres 25 litres 200 litres Universal thinner with excellent compatibility and medium evaporation. For all common binder and paint systems, ensures very good flow when painting. Suitable for: synthetic resin, nitro, 2K PU and all industrial paints. With medium evaporation Weight n/a Size 1l, 5l, 10l, 25l, 200l

Size 1 litre 5 litres 10 litres 25 litres 200 litres Universal thinner with excellent compatibility with medium-slow evaporation. For all common binding agent and paint systems, ensures very good flow when painting. Suitable for: synthetic resin, nitro, 2K PU and all industrial paints, preliminary tests are recommended for 2K epoxy. With medium evaporation Weight n/a Size 1l, 5l, 10l, 25l, 200l

Size 1 litre 5 litres 10 litres 25 litres 200 litres High-quality plaster thinner with very good and strong dissolving power. Can be used for all cleaning and degreasing work before painting. New raw materials without distillate content. With fast-medium evaporation. Weight n/a Size 1l, 5l, 10l, 25l, 200l

Size 1 litre 5 litres 10 litres 25 litres 200 litres Affordable plaster thinner with good dissolving power. Can be used for all cleaning and degreasing work. New raw materials with clean distillate content (fractionated); the smell and color may vary slightly. With fast-medium evaporation Weight n/a Size 1l, 5l, 10l, 25l, 200l

Size 1 litre 5 litres 10 litres 25 litres 200 litres High-quality plaster thinner with very good and strong dissolving power. Can be used for all cleaning and degreasing work before painting. New raw materials without distillate content. With fast-medium evaporation

Size 1 litre 5 litres 10 litres 25 litres 200 litres Affordable plaster thinner with good dissolving power. Can be used for all cleaning and degreasing work. New raw materials with clean distillate content (fractionated); the smell and color may vary slightly. With fast-medium evaporation Weight n/a Size 1l, 5l, 10l, 25l, 200l

Size 1 litre 5 litres 10 litres 25 litres 200 litres 2K-PU special thinner (without alcohol) For thinning all 2K PUR paints. Ensures a very nice paint finish. Also suitable for cleaning equipment. With medium evaporation. Weight n/a Size 1l, 5l, 10l, 25l, 200l

Size 1 litre 5 litres 10 litres 25 litres 200 litres 2K-PU special thinner (without alcohol) For thinning all 2K PUR paints. Ensures a very nice paint finish. Also suitable for cleaning equipment. With medium-slow evaporation. Weight n/a Size 1l, 5l, 10l, 25l, 200l

Size 1 litre 5 litres 10 litres 25 litres 200 litres 2K spray thinner is a special thinner for blending in paint. Area of â??â??application for homogeneous paint transitions. The transition zones can then be easily polished to a high gloss. Weight n/a Size 1l, 5l, 10l, 25l, 200l

Size 1 litre 5 litres 10 litres 25 litres 200 litres Base coat thinner without alcohol for 2K paints. For thinning all solvent-based base coat systems. Supports the floating of the pigments present in the base coat. With rapid evaporation.

Size 1 litre 5 litres 10 litres 25 litres 200 litres Base coat thinner without alcohol for 2K paints. For thinning all solvent-based base coat systems. Supports the floating of the pigments in the base coat. With slow-medium evaporation. Weight n/a Size 1l, 5l, 10l, 25l, 200l

Size 1 litre 5 litres 10 litres 25 litres 200 litres thinner contains alcohols. For thinning all common, solvent-based epoxy resin systems. Ideal for cleaning equipment. With medium-slow evaporation. Preliminary tests are recommended Weight n/a Size 1l, 5l, 10l, 25l, 200l

Size 1 litre 5 litres 10 litres 25 litres 200 litres Epoxy thinner contains alcohols. For thinning all common, solvent-based epoxy resin systems. Ideal for cleaning equipment. With medium evaporation. Preliminary tests are recommended Weight n/a Size 1l, 5l, 10l, 25l, 200l