Bitumen is a black, semi-solid or liquid substance with high viscosity produced by the non-destructive distillation of crude oil during petroleum refining. The core industry using bitumen is road construction (asphalt) and another significant field is the building industry (roofing membranes, water-proofing felts)
Petroleum coke is a byproduct of petroleum refining, useful in the production of electrodes used as carbon anodes for the aluminum industry, graphite electrodes for steel making, as fuel in the firing of solid fuel boilers used to generate electricity, and as a fuel for cement kilns. Petroleum coke is a by-product of the coker process in the oil industry. In its raw form, it is also called â??green cokeâ?? or green petroleum coke. Calcined petroleum coke is an important industrial commodity that links the oil and the metallurgical industries as it provides a source of carbon for various metallurgical applications including the manufacture of anodes for the aluminum pot liners and for graphite electrodes.
Light Cycle Oil, also known as LCO, is a refined product derived from the processing of crude oil. It has a higher density and boiling point range compared to diesel fuel but lower than heavy fuel oil. LCO is commonly used as a feedstock for fluid catalytic cracking units (FCCU) and is also used as a blend component for marine fuels.
Crude oil is a naturally occurring, unrefined petroleum product that is found in the earth's crust. It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons that varies in color from yellow to black and is used to produce a wide range of products, including gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, and plastics. Crude oil is one of the most valuable commodities in the world, and its import and export are essential for many businesses to operate.
Virgin Oil D6, also known as residual fuel oil, is a petroleum product that is obtained from the refining process. It has a high density and a high viscosity, making it a suitable heavy fuel oil used in large marine engines and power plants that require high levels of energy. Virgin Oil D6 is produced from the residue left over after the lighter hydrocarbons, such as gasoline and diesel fuel, are removed from crude oil. It is a heavy, black viscous liquid that is resistant to flow. The product has a high sulfur content, typically between 2.5% and 4%, and a calorific value of approximately 38 MJ/kg.
EN590 Diesel (10PPM) ULSD (Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel) is a premium diesel fuel that conforms to the European standard EN590, with an ultra-low sulfur content of only 10 parts per million (PPM). This type of diesel is known for its environmental benefits and is widely used in modern diesel engines.
Liquified Petroleum Gas also referred to as Liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas) is a fuel gas which contains a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases, specifically propane, propylene, butylene, isobutane, and n-butane. LPG is a versatile and clean-burning fuel used for a variety of purposes such as; heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehivles for transportation. With its high energy content and low carbon emissions, LPG has become an increasingly popular choice for businesses and individuals around the world.
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to a liquid state, at about -260�° Fahrenheit, for shipping and storage. The volume of natural gas in its liquid state is about 600 times smaller than its volume in its gaseous state. Liquefied natural gas primarily consists of methane (approximately 95% composition). The process of deep refrigeration (approximately -162oC) is used to liquefy natural gas into LNG, making it easier to store and transfer to the point of use. In various regions of the world, LNG is currently recognized as a clean and environmentally friendly fuel, widely utilized.
Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is an edible oil which is extracted from the pulp of fruit of oil palms. The color of pulp is naturally reddish in colour as it contains high amounts of beta-carotene. Crude palm oil or palm oil is one of the most consumed and produced oils in the world. This easy to produce, and very stable oil is used for a wide variety of foods, cosmetics, hygiene products, and can also be used as a source of biofuel or biodiesel.
Palm Kernel Oil is produced after separating the seed from the oil palm fruit, cracking and removing the shell. It can be further processed into Crude Palm Kernel Oil and Palm Kernel Expeller or Cake. Palm Kernel Oil is commonly used as a commercial cooking oil due to its stability at high temperatures.
RBD Palm Olein is the liquid fraction of palm oil obtained by dry-fractionation process. The product is widely used in food processing industries such as confectionery, noodles, snacks, dairy beverages, canned food, etc.
Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) is a residual fuel incurred during the distillation of crude oil. It is primarily used to generate motion and/or heat that have a particularly high viscosity and density. Mainly used in industrial boilers and other direct source heating applications. It is also used as a principal fuel in marine applications and large diesel engines. Generally HFO typically includes bitumen, asphaltenes and long chain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Mazut-100 is a fuel oil that is manufactured to GOST specifications, for example GOST 10585-99. Mazut is almost exclusively manufactured in the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan. The most important thing when grading this fuel is the sulphur content.
MARINE GAS OIL (MGO) describes marine fuels that consist exclusively of distillates. Distillates are all those components of crude oil that evaporate in fractional distillation and are then condensed from the gas phase into liquid fractions. Marine gasoil usually consists of a blend of various distillates.
Naphtha is a flammable liquid made from distilling petroleum. It looks like gasoline. Naphtha is used to dilute heavy oil to help move it through pipelines, to make high-octane gas, to make lighter fluid, and even to clean metal. It is a liquid petroleum product that boils from about 30�°C (86�°F) to approximately 200�°C (392�°F), although there are different grades of naphtha within this extensive boiling range that have different boiling ranges. The term petroleum solvent is often used synonymously with naphtha. On a chemical basis, naphtha is difficult to define precisely because it can contain varying amounts of its constituents (paraffins, naphthenes, aromatics, and olefins) in different proportions, in addition to the potential isomers of the paraffins that exist in the naphtha boiling range. Naphtha is also represented as having a boiling range and carbon number similar to those of gasoline a precursor to gasoline.
Aviation Kerosene Colonial Grade 54 Jet Fuel JP 54: Jet fuel A-1. Jet fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines. It is clear to straw-colored in appearance. The most commonly used fuels for commercial aviation are Jet A and Jet A-1 are produced to a standardized international specification.
