The microspheres are a waste material arising in the process of combustion of hard coal. The product is made of spheres with a diameter of 10-800 microns, filled with gas, mostly CO2 and NO2. Sheaths of the spheres are 0.2-3 microns thick, what makes the microspheres have a great volume at a relatively low gravity. Material contains mainly:
silicon oxide (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), magnesium oxide (MgO), iron trioxide (Fe2O3), potassium oxide (K2O), calcium oxide (CaO) and vestigial admixtures of other metals.
Chemical Composition
SiO2 57,9 ± 5,0%
AL2O3 35,8 ± 2,0%
Fe2O3 1,5 ± 0,3%
CaO 1,1 ± 0,2%
MgO 1,6 ± 0,2%
SO2/SO3 0,6 ± 0,3%
K2O + Na2O 1,2 ± 0,4%
TiO2 0,8 ± 0,3%
Cl 0,2 ± 0,1%
SEPPE Cenosphere is a lightweight, inert, hollow sphere filled with inert air or gas, typically produced as a byproduct of coal combustion at thermal power plants. The color of cenospheres varies from gray to almost white and their density is about 0.4-0.8 g/cm�³, which gives them a great buoyancy. Flows like a liquid, with the appearance of a powder. Provides lightweight bulk to a varied and expansive range of compounds. Cenospheres are hard and rigid, light, waterproof, innoxious, and insulative. This makes them highly useful in a variety of products, notably fillers.
Fly ash is a by-product produced while burning finely ground coal in a boiler to produce electricity. It is removed from the plant exhaust gases primarily by electrostatic precipitators or baghouses and secondarily by scrubber systems. Physically, fly ash is a very fine, powdery material, composed mostly of silica. Nearly all particles are spherical in shape. Fly ash is a pozzolan, a siliceous material which in the presence of water will react with calcium hydroxide at ordinary temperatures to produce cementitious compounds. SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and occasionally CaO are the main chemical components present in fly ashes.
Fly ash significantly improves concrete performance in different ways and also provides many benefits in cement and non-cement applications. Fly Ash colour can vary from grey and dark grey, yellowish tan and light to brownish.
ADVANTAGES OF FLY ASH IN CONCRETE
Fly Ash is a Pozzolan
Improves concrete workability and lowers water demand
Sulfate and Alkali Aggregate Resistancet
Rise in compressive strength over time
Environment friendly
CEMENTATION Fly Ash is optimized for its fineness while reducing the water demand and improving the chemical compositions to maximise its benefits when used in concrete. Fly-ash can also be used as an add-on to concrete mixture with pozzolanic and/or latent hydraulic properties.
We at CEMENTATION selectively collect fly ash and subject to rigorous testing, further refines these collected materials to produce quality fly ash products meeting the needs of our customers.
Fly ash, also known as flue-ash is a residue which is generated during combustion and consists of fine particles. There are impurities in coal which mostly consist of clays, limestone and dolomite particles. These turn up into ash as they cannot be completely burned.
Fly ash is useful in a number of ways and is one of the most researched upon mineral source. It is mainly a pozzolanic substance which contains aluminum and silicon material which in return due to the presence of water can take form of cement.
A lot of research and development initiative have been taken place across the globe to build and develop technologies that can utilize the full potential of fly ash. Royal Mineral takes care to ensure flawless production stages.
Coal Fly Ash
CFA could be used in huge quantities in two areas: ash dyke construction and low-lying region filling [26,27,28]. In several affluent countries, CFA has been utilized successfully as a structural filler.
