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Diesel is a light petroleum product, a complex mixture of hydrocarbons (with a carbon atom number of about 10-22), used as fuel for diesel engines. It is mainly composed of diesel fractions produced through processes such as crude oil distillation, catalytic cracking, thermal cracking, hydrocracking, and petroleum coking. It can also be produced through shale oil processing and coal liquefaction, and can be divided into two categories: light diesel (with a boiling point range of about 180-370 â??) and heavy diesel (with a boiling point range of about 350-410 â??). Widely used in large vehicles, railway locomotives, and ships. The most important use of diesel is for diesel engines in vehicles and ships. Compared with gasoline engines, diesel engines have higher thermal efficiency and lower fuel consumption. Diesel has low energy consumption, so some small cars and even high-performance cars have switched to diesel.

EN590 was introduced to coincide with the development of new emissions standards across the European Union. The overall goal has been to reduce the sulphur content of diesel fuel. Sulphur had been used as a lubricant in the fuel. Its role is taken by special additives in ULSD. Since 2007, diesel that conforms to EN590 has been referred to as Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel (ULSD) in the European Union. The phrase Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel is governed by different standards in other parts of the world. EN590 describes the physical properties that all automotive diesel fuel must meet if it is to be sold in the European Union, Croatia, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. The EN 590 had been introduced along with the European emission standards. With each of its revisions the EN 590 had been adapted to lower the sulphur content of diesel fuel since 2007 this is called ultra low sulphur diesel as the former function of sulphur as a lubricant is absent (and needs to be replaced by additives). The quality of European diesel fuels is specified by the EN 590 standard. While these specifications not are mandatory, they are observed by all fuel suppliers in Europe. Automobile diesel en 590 is intended for application in diesel engines. Diesel motor fuel quality meets the requirements of European Standard EN 590. For operation in the conditions of a temperate climate following marks of fuel diesel automobile EN 590 are offered: Grade C limiting filterability temperature -5 C; Grade D limiting filterability temperature -10 C; Grade E limiting filterability temperature 15 C; Grade F limiting filterability temperature -20 C. The entire volume of produced diesel fuel quality meets the requirements for fuels for vehicles of Euro 4 and Euro 5. Low sulfur content in diesel EN 590 reduces emissions of sulfur oxides into the atmosphere, which is especially important for for inhabitants of big cities.