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EN590 was introduced to coincide with the development of new emissions standards across the European Union. The overall goal has been to reduce the sulphur content of diesel fuel. Sulphur had been used as a lubricant in the fuel. Its role is taken by special additives in ULSD. Since 2007, diesel that conforms to EN590 has been referred to as Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel (ULSD) in the European Union. The phrase Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel is governed by different standards in other parts of the world. EN590 describes the physical properties that all automotive diesel fuel must meet if it is to be sold in the European Union, Croatia, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. The EN 590 had been introduced along with the European emission standards. With each of its revisions the EN 590 had been adapted to lower the sulphur content of diesel fuel since 2007 this is called ultra low sulphur diesel as the former function of sulphur as a lubricant is absent (and needs to be replaced by additives). The quality of European diesel fuels is specified by the EN 590 standard. While these specifications not are mandatory, they are observed by all fuel suppliers in Europe. Automobile diesel en 590 is intended for application in diesel engines. Diesel motor fuel quality meets the requirements of European Standard EN 590. For operation in the conditions of a temperate climate following marks of fuel diesel automobile EN 590 are offered: Grade C limiting filterability temperature -5 C; Grade D limiting filterability temperature -10 C; Grade E limiting filterability temperature 15 C; Grade F limiting filterability temperature -20 C. The entire volume of produced diesel fuel quality meets the requirements for fuels for vehicles of Euro 4 and Euro 5. Low sulfur content in diesel EN 590 reduces emissions of sulfur oxides into the atmosphere, which is especially important for for inhabitants of big cities.

Diesel is a light petroleum product, a complex mixture of hydrocarbons (with a carbon atom number of about 10-22), used as fuel for diesel engines. It is mainly composed of diesel fractions produced through processes such as crude oil distillation, catalytic cracking, thermal cracking, hydrocracking, and petroleum coking. It can also be produced through shale oil processing and coal liquefaction, and can be divided into two categories: light diesel (with a boiling point range of about 180-370 â??) and heavy diesel (with a boiling point range of about 350-410 â??). Widely used in large vehicles, railway locomotives, and ships. The most important use of diesel is for diesel engines in vehicles and ships. Compared with gasoline engines, diesel engines have higher thermal efficiency and lower fuel consumption. Diesel has low energy consumption, so some small cars and even high-performance cars have switched to diesel.

D6 is a type of residual fuel, mainly used in power plants and larger ships. The fuel requires to be preheated before it can be used. It is not possible to use it in smaller engines or vessels/vehicles where it is not possible to pre-heat it. D6 is its name in the USA. In other parts of the world it has other names. Residual means the material remaining after the more valuable cuts of crude oil have boiled off. The residue may contain various undesirable impurities including 2 percent water and one-half percent mineral soil. D6 fuel is also known as residual fuel oil (RFO), by the Navy specification of Bunker C, or by the Pacific Specification of PS-400. Recent changes in fuel quality regulation now require further refining of the D6 in order to remove the sulfur, which leads to a higher cost. Despite this recent change, D6 is still less useful because of its viscosity as well as that it needs to be pre-heated before it can be used and contains high amounts of pollutants, such as sulfur. Since it requires pre-heating, it cannot be used in small ships or boats or cars. However large ships and power plants can use the residual fuel oil.

JET A-1 is an aviation fuel formerly known as kerosene which is suitable for most jet aircraft. It meets stringent international requirements, particularly those of the latest versions of the AFQRJOS, the British DEF STAN 91-91 standard, the ASTM D1655 standard, and the NATO F-35 specification. It has a minimum flashpoint of 38C and a maximum freezing point of -47C. JET A-1 is the principal fuel used for jet turbine engines. It is also used in general aviation for compatible diesel engine planes. Jet fuel or aviation turbine fuel (ATF) is a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines. It is colourless to straw-colored in appearance. The most commonly used fuels for commercial aviation are Jet A and Jet A-1, which are produced to a standardized international specification. The only other jet fuel commonly used in civilian turbine-engine powered aviation is Jet B, which is used for its enhanced cold-weather performance. Jet fuel is a mixture of a large number of different hydrocarbons. The range of their sizes (molecular weights or carbon numbers) is restricted by the requirements for the product, for example, the freezing point or smoke point. Kerosene-type jet fuel (including Jet A and Jet A-1) has a carbon number distribution between about 8 and 16 (carbon atoms per molecule); wide-cut or naphtha-type jet fuel (including Jet B), between about 5 and 15.

There are two main types of aviation fuels used by airlines around the world: aviation gasoline and jet fuel, which are suitable for different types of aircraft engines. Aviation gasoline is used as fuel for piston type aviation engines. Due to the fact that jet fuels commonly produced and widely used both domestically and internationally belong to the kerosene type, they are commonly referred to as aviation kerosene, abbreviated as aviation coal.