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Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of Isocitrate, producing alpha-ketoglutarate (-ketoglutarate) and CO2. This is a two-step process, which involves oxidation of Isocitrate (a secondary alcohol) to oxalosuccinate (a ketone), followed by the decarboxylation of the carboxyl group beta to the ketone, forming alpha-ketoglutarate. In humans, IDH exists in three isoforms:IDH3 catalyzes the third step of the citric acid cycle while converting NAD+ to NADH in the mitochondria. The isoforms IDH1 and IDH2 catalyze the same reaction outside the context of the citric acid cycle and use NADP+ as a cofactor instead of NAD+. They localize to the cytosol as well as the mitochondrion and peroxisome.

Lipoamide dehydrogenase (or diaphorase) catalyzes the following reaction: Lipoamide + NADH + H+ Dihydrolipoamide + NAD+. The enzyme occurs in mammalian and microbial cells and it catalyzes a number of reactions which involve NAD+ or NADH. Lipoamide dehydrogenase from porcine heart contains two polypeptide chains which are similar. It has two molecules of tightly bound flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). The molecular weight of the porcine heart enzyme is between 100,000 and 114,000.

This enzyme is a membrane protein and goes through an intermediate stage during the reaction where it is autophosphorylated with a phosphate group covalently linked to a basic amino acyl residue through an n-p bond.

In enzymology, a dTMP kinase (EC 2.7.4.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: ATP + dTMP rightleftharpoons ADP + dTDP. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and dTMP, whereas its two products are ADP and dTDP. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferases) with a phosphate group as acceptor. This enzyme participates in pyrimidine metabolism.

In enzymology, a dtmp kinase (ec 2.7.4.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: atp + dtmp rightleftharpoons adp + dtdp. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are atp and dtmp, whereas its two products are adp and dtdp. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferases) with a phosphate group as acceptor. This enzyme participates in pyrimidine metabolism.

Creatine kinase, muscle also known as CKM is a creatine kinase that in humans is encoded by the CKM gene. In the figure to the right, the crystal structure of the muscle-type M-CK monomer is shown. In vivo, two such monomers arrange symmetrically to form the active MM-CK enzyme. In heart, in addition to the MM-CK homodimer, also the heterodimer MB-CK consisting of one muscle (M-CK) and one brain-type (B-CK) subunit is expressed. The latter may be an important serum marker for myocardial infarction, if released from damaged myocardial cells into the blood where it can be detected by clinical chemistry.

Creatine Kinase MM is a cytoplasmic enzyme involved in energy homeostasis and is an important serum marker for myocardial infarction. The encoded protein reversibly catalyzes the transfer of phosphate between ATP and various phosphogens such as creatine phosphate. It acts as a homodimer in striated muscle as well as in other tissues, and as a heterodimer with a similar brain isozyme in heart. The encoded protein is a member of the ATP:guanido phosphotransferase protein family.

Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK or DAGK) is a family of enzymes that catalyzes the conversion of diacylglycerol (DAG) to phosphatidic acid (PA) utilizing ATP as a source of the phosphate. In non-stimulated cells, DGK activity is low allowing DAG to be used for glycerophospholipid biosynthesis but on receptor activation of the phosphoinositide pathway, DGK activity increases driving the conversion of DAG to PA. As both lipids are thought to function as bioactive lipid signaling molecules with distinct cellular targets, DGK therefore occupies an important position, effectively serving as a switch by terminating the signalling of one lipid while simultaneously activating signalling by another.

Factor V activator for RVV contains fucose, mannose, galactose, glucosamine, and neuraminic acid. Factor V activating enzyme from RVV is an arginine esterase that is sensitive to diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP).

Factor V activator for RVV contains fucose, mannose, galactose, glucosamine, and neuraminic acid. Factor V activating enzyme from RVV is an arginine esterase that is sensitive to diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP).

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible redox conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (aka glycerone phosphate, outdated) to sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase serves as a major link between carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism. It is also a major contributor of electrons to the electron transport chain in the mitochondria.

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible redox conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (aka glycerone phosphate, outdated) to sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase serves as a major link between carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism. It is also a major contributor of electrons to the electron transport chain in the mitochondria.

Mutations of the cytosolic IDH 1 are a common feature in primary human brain cancers. Arginine 132 (R132) of IDH is highly conserved among different isoforms of IDH and is most commonly mutated to Histidine. Mutation of IDH1 R132H leads to accumulation of R(-)-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), which correlates with an increased risk for malignant brain tumors.

Keratan-sulfate endo-1,4-beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.103, endo-beta-galactosidase, keratan sulfate endogalactosidase, keratanase, keratan-sulfate 1,4-beta-D-galactanohydrolase) is an enzyme with system name keratan-sulfate 4-beta-D-galactanohydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction:Endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-galactosidic linkages in keratan sulfate. Hydrolyses the 1,4-beta-D-galactosyl linkages adjacent to 1,3-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl residues.

NADH Oxidase from Bacillus licheniformis was shown to display hydrogen peroxide-forming activity.

NADH Oxidase from Bacillus licheniformis was shown to display hydrogen peroxide-forming activity.

Creatininase from Pseudomonas sp. is a homohexameric enzyme with a molecular mass of 28.4 kDa per subunit. It is a cyclic amidohydrolase catalysing the reversible conversion of creatinine to creatine. Each monomer contains a binuclear zinc centre near the C termini of the β-strands and the N termini of the main α-helices. These zinc ions indicate the location of the active site.

Creatininase from Pseudomonas sp. is a homohexameric enzyme with a molecular mass of 28.4 kDa per subunit. It is a cyclic amidohydrolase catalysing the reversible conversion of creatinine to creatine. Each monomer contains a binuclear zinc centre near the C termini of the β-strands and the N termini of the main α-helices. These zinc ions indicate the location of the active site.