3D Wood Cnc Router Machine Suppliers and Manufacturers

wood router cnc wood router wood cnc router prices wood cnc router wood carving cnc router cnc wood router machine wood router cnc wood router machine wood carving machine working cnc router cnc router wood 4 axis cnc router wood wood machine cnc router 4axes wood cnc router machine cnc wood router manufacturer router wood wood router table cnc router wood carving machine router machine wood router table wood economic 1325 wood router 4 axis cnc router for wood router machine for wood 2d 3d 3axis wood engraver machine cnc router 1325 cnc wood router cnc router for wood cnc wood router 4 axis wood router cnc carving machine wood carving machine cnc router router wood machine 5 axis wood router router for wood wood working cnc router router router for wood wood router woodworking machinery electric wood router cnc wood router 1325 atc wood cnc router 1325 wood cnc router wood router customized wood working routers router for wood working turkey cnc wood router machines wood router machine electric router tool wood 3d wood router cnc machine wood router 2d 3d wood router cnc router machining wood cnc wood router price in pakistan wood router 2021 router wood mecine cnc router 6090 4 axis / 3d cnc wood cnc wood router machine 4 axis cnc router wood machine cnc wood router 3d 4 axis cnc wood router wood cnc router 4 axis desktop cnc wood working router cnc router machine for wood wood carving router wood machine router wood router table woodworking cnc wood router woodworking machine china wood cnc router wood working router machine cnc wood router 5 axis 5 axis cnc router wood 1325 automated wood engraving machine cnc router router wood table wood router engraver cnc router furniture wood wood router cnc for windows price wood cnc router machine 1325 cnc wood router engraving machine wood carving cnc router 4*8 ft door making machine router machine wood 220v wood engraving machine router 1325 cnc router in wood wood carving machine 3d router 5 axis wood cnc router 3d wood carving cnc router machine wood router machine price in india electric wood router carving machine cnc router 3d wood cnc router wood carving cnc router machine wood cnc router woodworking machinery wood router 1212 4 axis 3d wood carving cnc router cnc wood carving machine router

Characteristic: 1.Water cooling spindle,high precision,long life time,steady working,easy to start up. 2.thicken square pipe stucture ,well welded, no distortion for whole structure high precision ,and long life time. 3.DSP controller system with USB interface,working without connecting with computer during working and easy to control. 4.Software:CAD/CAM designing software such as type3/artcam/castmate/weitai etc. 5.auto oilling system ,easy to operate by pressing one key. 6.seperated control system makes operation easily. 7.Adopt high speed stepper motor and drivers,and two motors for Y axis.max speed is 25mm/min. 8.The vacuum table holds tightly the carving materials which makes operating more reliable and convenient. performance parameter: number Description parameter 1 XYZ working area 1300*2500*200mm 2 Table size 1310*3000mm 3 XYZ travel positioning accuracy ±0.01mm 4 XYZ repositioning positioning accury ±0.01mm 5 Table surface Bakelite sheet 6 Gantry steel 7 drive system X-Y axis Rack actuation 8 drive system Z axis Ball screw 9 Spindle power 3/4.5KW 10 Max velocity 50m/min 11 Max working speed 25m/min 12 Spindle speed 0-24000rmp 13 work mode Step(optional servo) 14 Working voltage AC220/380V 15 Command language G code 16 Interface USB or parallel port 17 Operating system DSP 18 Flash memory 128 19 X-Y resolution

Machine Features 1.Special design with vacuum work table better for adsorbent materials. 2.High Z axis up to 300 mm ,for thicker materials. 3.Famous brand panasonic 400 wservo motor and driver with top quality. Machine Parameters Working area 600*1500*300mm Spindle 3kw Changsheng water cooling spindle Transmission Taiwan HIWIN linear square guide #20 for X,Y,Z axis Taiwan TBI ball screw for Z axis X,Y axis rack and pinion drive Control system Mach3 controller with wireless handle Motor & Driver 400w Panasonic servo motor & driver Inverter 3.7kw Fuling Inverter Lubrication system Manual lubrication system Table surface T-slot and vacuum working table Tool sensor Simple tool sensor calibration

1325 wood working cnc router for sale router wood simple wood workinrg router machine wood furniture cnc router cnc router atc wood wood router cnc 1325 machine cnc router wood furniture wood router cnc for cabinet machinery cnc wood router engraving cnc router 3d for wood wood engraving cnc router machine wood cnc 4 axis router router cnc engraving machine wood cnc router engraving wood machine wood cnc router machine indian prices solid wood engraving router cnc machine 5 axis wood cnc router machine modern cnc milling machine wood router table china auto tool changer wood router machine 4 axis atc cnc router for wood router table multi wood wood router cnc router machine wood router manufacturer machine router wood router wood mechine 12 pcs router wood cnc router wood carving 1325 cnc router wood wood router cnc price wood engraving cnc router high speed wood router router wood cnc machine cnc machine router wood router tool wood woodworking machine wood carving cnc router price cnc router wooden door design atc cnc router wood working cnc router in wood 1325 wood router machine woodworking cnc wood cnc router engraving machine 4 axis 1325 wood router router for wood costa rica atc wood cnc router prices wood stair cnc router machin wood acrylic cnc router machine cnc router wood working machine wood cnc machine price router cnc wood milling machine router wood engraving machine router door cnc door carving desktop wood router 4d cnc wood carving machine router atc 1325 wood cnc router machine wood cnc router woodworking engraving machine wood working cnc router carving machine cnc router engraving machine for wood solid wood door cnc router machine cnc wood carving router engraving machine hot sale woodworking machinery cnc wood router

ATC CNC Wood Router with Auto unloading This ATC CNC wood router machine has a stronger frame and is equipped with an automatic tool changer and an automatic feeding device. This design is mainly for improving efficiency. 1. The design of the machine control interface is human-oriented. Operators can be trained easily without skilled workers. The machine moves quickly and efficiently, helping you to achieve a leap in productivity. 2. 9KW HQD ATC Spindle: Used for grooving and clamping different tools, used for cutting and engraving. The machine Always has a more firm and reasonable structure, It is easy to operate and durable for long-time heavy-duty work. 3. The machine adopts the combination of the vacuum table, which can strongly absorb materials in different parts. 4. Automatic Pusher Device: Automatically pushes the material after the whole machine is finished, and pushes the material to open the dust on the table. 5. Linear type Auto tool changer magazine: The use of a 12-tool rotating conveyor belt can speed up tool changes, thereby ensuring faster cycle times, thereby increasing throughput. 6. 1000W Servo motor: It has the advantages of high accuracy, fast speed, and long service life. In addition, it has a strong anti-overload capability and can withstand a load that is three times the rated torque. When running at high speed, it has the advantages of stable operation and low noise. Applications of ATC Wood CNC Router: This CNC Router Machine was made especially for industries such as Foam mold making, Cabinet-making, plastic sheeting processing, and sign making, aluminum cutting, etc. About FORSUN CNC: Jinan FORSUN CNC Machinery Co., Ltd., one of the professional Wood CNC Router manufacturers and suppliers in China, has been focusing on providing high-quality CNC Router Machines and solutions for worldwide customers for 20 years. Main computerized CNC machine types: Wood CNC Router, 3d CNC carving machine, Wood CNC machine, ATC CNC router, Basic beginner CNC router, Mini CNC router, DIY CNC router, hobby cnc router, CNC nesting machine, Multi-Tool CNC machine, Rotary axis CNC carving machine, 4/5 Axis CNC router, CNC marble stone engraving machine, CNC plasma cutter, CNC foam cutting machine, CO2 laser cutting machine, fiber laser cutter, etc. Forsun CNC Router helps you stay productive. We have the right CNC Router Machine tools for your application and weâ??re supporting you every step of the way.

Features and Advantage of 4 Axis Wood CNC Router The four-axis linkage engraving machine adopts the industrial control system four-axis linkage control, with excellent and stable quality, good maintenance, and usability, and can control the 3D machining of the cylinder and the rotation of the tetrahedron. Four-sided processing, especially suitable for three-dimensional processing and engraving of figure statues and European furniture legs and stone statues. The bus-type servo drive has strong flexibility and high-cost performance. The use of bus transmission facilitates the wiring of manufacturers and reduces the wiring workload, especially when there are multiple axes, the advantages are more obvious, and the wiring will not be disordered. Absolute value can be used to memorize the position (requires auxiliary battery storage according to), the user does not need to return to the origin every time the machine is turned on, and the machine can be processed after turning on the machine. The 4-axis CNC machine tool is specially designed for processing on different 3D surface carvings. The machine body is sturdy, high-precision, reliable, and durable. Perfect design, high-quality accessories to minimize the failure rate of the machine The 4-axis CNC machine tool can complete all the tasks that a 3-axis CNC machine tool can do. It can realize the processing of complex workpieces such as cylinders, prisms, and polyhedrons. Widely used in the system control of three-dimensional jade carving, 3D stone carving, Buddha statue, stair column, sofa, table legs, and other processing equipment Application Building Industry (General Woodworking, Kitchen Cabinet & Door, Facades & Curtainwall, Column & Balustrade) Sign& Advertising (Signage Indoor & Outdoor, Engraving& Bas-Relief, 3D Letters, Funeral) Relief sculpture and 3D engraving and cylindrical project. Mold Industry. Such as casting mold, Automobile, ship, yacht, aviation industry, rail transportation, etc. Large 3D curved surface and shape processing. Plastics & Composites (ACP, ACM and solid surface material, etc) Non-ferrous metals & Marine About FORSUN CNC: Jinan FORSUN CNC Machinery Co., Ltd., one of the professional Wood CNC Router manufacturers and suppliers in China, has been focusing on providing high-quality CNC Router Machines and solutions for worldwide customers for 20 years. Main computerized CNC machine types: Wood CNC Router, 3d CNC carving machine, Wood CNC machine, ATC CNC router, Basic beginner CNC router, Mini desktop CNC router, Multi-Tool CNC machine, Rotary axis CNC engraver, 4/5 Axis CNC milling machine, CNC marble stone engraving machine, CNC plasma cutter, CNC foam cutting machine, CO2 laser cutting machine, fiber laser cutter, etc. Forsun CNC Router helps you stay productive. We have the right CNC Router Machine tools for your application and weâ??re supporting you every step of the way.

Main Description of CNC Router Machine with CCD Camera: This is a CNC router with CCD automatic edge patrol function. This machine can not only meet the functions of ordinary wood carving but also can realize automatic edge detection and cutting functions of acrylic and other materials. The camera registration system can quickly find and recognize traditional registration marks to adjust the cutting path, thereby providing precise alignment and 100% accuracy. It can accurately cut out digitally printed images. The ATC CNC router machine can automatically change tools between tool paths without the need for a CNC operator to replace and zero the tools individually. The automatic tool changer with 8 PCS positions can be used for fast machining and complex work. DHTN ATC Controller system is a very professional CNC controller system. It is with humanized design, powerful functions, a friendly user interface, and easy to use and simple operation. Forsun CNC Router partnered with YAKO Servo drivers with are reliable, high speed, high accuracy, and high performance. Jinan FORSUN CNC Machinery Co., Ltd., one of the professional Wood CNC Router manufacturers and suppliers in China, has been focusing on providing high-quality CNC Router Machines and solutions for worldwide customers for 20 years. Main computerized CNC machine types: Wood CNC Router, 3d CNC carving machine, Wood CNC machine, ATC CNC router, Basic beginner CNC router, Mini desktop CNC router, Multi-Tool CNC machine, Rotary axis CNC engraver, 4/5 Axis CNC milling machine, CNC marble stone engraving machine, CNC plasma cutter, CNC foam cutting machine, CO2 laser cutting machine, fiber laser cutter, etc. Forsun CNC Router helps you stay productive. We have the right CNC Router Machine tools for your application and weâ??re supporting you every step of the way.

Description of Multi-Spindle Rotary CNC Router: The multi-spindle 3d 4-axis rotary CNC wood router is specially designed to meet the processing needs of 3D product size. This kind of CNC router machine can be determined according to the material to be processed, and it can also realize 3D multi-processing by equipping a common CNC machine with a rotating axis. The 4-head CNC router has various specifications to meet the needs of different customers. About us: Jinan FORSUN CNC Machinery Co., Ltd., one of the professional Wood CNC Router manufacturers and suppliers in China, has been focusing on providing high-quality CNC Router Machines and solutions for worldwide customers for 20 years. Main computerized CNC machine types: Wood CNC Router, 3d CNC carving machine, Wood CNC machine, ATC CNC router, Basic beginner CNC router, Mini desktop CNC router, Multi-Tool CNC machine, Rotary axis CNC engraver, 4/5 Axis CNC milling machine, CNC marble stone engraving machine, CNC plasma cutter, CNC foam cutter, CO2 laser cutting machine, fiber laser cutter, etc. Forsun CNC Router helps you stay productive. We have the right CNC Router Machine tools for your application and weâ??re supporting you every step of the way.

Description of Nesting CNC Router The purpose of the nesting router machine is to obtain higher productivity from the CNC with fewer hands. One person can operate the machine because all materials are automatically processed, which really makes the operatorâ??s job much simpler. Tool changer, unloading equipment. It can automatically complete the whole process of preparing, feeding, fixing, cutting, engraving, and unloading MDF wood. Features Multi-Tool CNC Router: According to different processing requirements, the required spindle starts to work, and the other spindles are in the standby state. This not only saves the time of manual tool change but also improves production efficiency. Automatic Tool Calibration: Effectively save the time of manual toolset, and the toolset is convenient and quick Boring Head and Spindle: The air-cooled spindle has a high speed and strong cutting force, which greatly reduces the machine failure rate; the boring head greatly improves work efficiency Feeding Roller: Adding a roller at the back of the table to load the material is more labor-saving, and it is easy to transfer the plate and effectively avoid the plate from being scratched during the feeding, which greatly improves the work efficiency. Material Grasp Cylinder: After the work of the whole machine is completed, the material is automatically pushed, which saves time and effort and improves production efficiency. Vacuum Table: The vacuum adsorption table has large holes, strong adsorption force, and humanized auxiliary feeding device, which is convenient and saves manpower. Auto Unloading Table: Combining the conveyor unloading table with the automatic indexing table and the material loader can provide a fully automatic material handling solution for your factory. Very popular in nested production. Auto Loading Table: It is designed to automatically pick up the plates from the indexing material lifter and place them on the machine tool to be cut. It is very suitable for high-production environments or environments where OH&S problems are caused by manual handling of heavy plates. About FORSUN: Jinan FORSUN CNC Machinery Co., Ltd., one of the professional Wood CNC Router manufacturers and suppliers in China, has been focusing on providing high-quality CNC Router Machines and solutions for worldwide customers for 20 years. Main computerized CNC machine types: Wood CNC Router, 3d CNC carving machine, Wood CNC machine, ATC CNC router, Basic beginner CNC router, Mini desktop CNC router, Multi-Tool CNC machine, Rotary axis CNC engraver, 4/5 Axis CNC milling machine, CNC marble stone engraving machine, CNC plasma cutter, CNC foam cutting machine, CO2 laser cutting machine, fiber laser cutter, etc.

Features of 3d wood carving cnc router machine : 1. Thicken welded steel tubes, the thickness is at the top of cnc router industry in China. 2. 3.0kw water cooling, 0-24000rpm speed, ensures goods stability. Also you can choose air cooling spindle. 3. Taiwan rail linear bearing ,double slippers,bearing heavy,working steadily. 4. Leadshine easy servo motors will guarantee that machine will not loose step after a long time working. Application materials of 3D wood carving cnc router machine: 1) Mould: wood,wax, wood, gypsum,foams,wax. 2) Furniture: wooden doors, cabinets, plate, office and wood furniture, tables, chair, doors and windows. 3) The wood products: voice box, game cabinets, computer tables, sewing machines table,instruments. 4) Plate processing: insulation part, plastic chemical components, PCB, inner body of car, bowling tracks, stairs, anti bate board, epoxy resin, ABS, PP, PE and other carbon mixed compounds. 5) Decorate industry: Acrylic, PVC, MDF, artificial stone, organic glass, plastic and soft metals such as copper, aluminum plate engraving and milling process.

Description 48 CNC Wood Router with Rotary Axis CNC Router is the perfect tool for a woodworking shop looking to expand its capabilities. CNC Wood Router is designed with rotational the 4th Axis to make 2D and 3D engraving on round wood material. Multiple rotary axes can process on cylinder materials as well as flat ones with high efficiency. You can use it to be a normally woodworking CNC Router machine for engraving, cutting, carving, and routing on the wood sheet, Acrylic, PVC, ABS Sheet, aluminum sheet, brass, etc. When you remove the flat table, you can use it for rotary engraving, 4 axis movements. Perfectly be used in manufacturing furniture, cabinet, handrail, crutch, wood crafts, doors, windows, acrylic signs, guitars, and other musical instruments, etc. Now the best CNC router machine is for sale at affordable prices and will translate into a durable product that your business can depend on. About Jinan FORSUN CNC Machinery Co., Ltd.,(forsuncnc.com) one of the professional Wood CNC Router manufacturers and suppliers in China, has been focusing on providing high-quality CNC Router Machines and solutions for worldwide customers for 20 years. Main computerized CNC machine types: Wood CNC Router, 3d CNC carving machine, Wood CNC machine, ATC CNC router, Basic beginner CNC router, Mini CNC router, DIY CNC router, hobby cnc router, CNC nesting machine, Multi-Tool CNC machine, Rotary axis CNC carving machine, 4/5 Axis CNC router, CNC marble stone engraving machine, CNC plasma cutter, CNC foam cutting machine, CO2 laser cutting machine, fiber laser cutter, etc.

Description of Mini CNC Router: FORSUN mini CNC routers or a computer numerical control program is a process in which you can automatically handle 3D cutting and milling. With the best mini CNC router machine, you will get the benefits of doing factory-level work in a small work area or home. It requires the help of a computer or software that can guide the predetermined cutting process to further achieve precise and consistent work, and provide a good copy rate and higher productivity when needed. Applicable Materials: 1) Wood: solid wood, medium-density fiberboard, plywood, chipboard. 2) Plastic: PVC, ABS, acrylic, plastic. 3) Signage materials: foam, cabinets, styrofoam, leather, plastic carpet, corrugated paper, 4) Soft metals: aluminum, brass, 5) Composite materials: aluminum composite materials, copper composite materials, titanium composite materials, zinc composite materials. Why Choose FORSUN Mini CNC Router? 1) The compact size of the machine makes these micro CNC router machines suitable for any small workshop and easy to move. 2) Mini CNC routers are reasonably priced. Suitable for individuals or companies with lower budgets. 3) The small CNC router machine is equipped with a cast steel structure and a three-axis ball screw drive. Therefore, the machine has high precision. 4) The mechanical part design of the mini CNC router machine includes the overall layout, main motion transmission system, spindle structure, and feed motion system design. After optimizing the design parameters, these structures can be optimized to achieve low cost, high efficiency, and practicality.

Description of 4 axis CNC router with Oscillating Knife Our CNC machine has a 4-axis swing head and an Oscillating knife cutting head. It can not only process different 3D surface carvings but also add a new vibration knife function. It is suitable for cutting soft materials such as MDF, hardwood, cotton, rubber sheets, and wood cutting and engraving. CNC knife cutting does not emit smoke or heat. It is a kind of safe cutting method. Suitable Materials Cutting Industry: Leather, PU, PVC, Oxford cloth, corrugated paper, KT board, and other materials so on. Advertising Industry: suitable for advertising words, billboard cutting, signage, architectural models, house numbers, signs, craft decoration, furniture decoration, etc. Woodworking Industry: mainly suitable for sheet metal plane, mahogany classical furniture and antique furniture carving processing, wood carving craft, gift wooden box, fine carving, and so on. About FORSUN CNC Jinan FORSUN CNC Machinery Co., Ltd.,(forsuncnc.com) one of the professional Wood CNC Router manufacturers and suppliers in China, has been focusing on providing high-quality CNC Router Machines and solutions for worldwide customers for 20 years. Main computerized CNC machine types: Wood CNC Router, 3d CNC carving machine, Wood CNC machine, ATC CNC router, Basic beginner CNC router, Mini CNC router, DIY CNC router, hobby cnc router, CNC nesting machine, Multi-Tool CNC machine, Rotary axis CNC carving machine, 4/5 Axis CNC router, CNC marble stone engraving machine, CNC plasma cutter, CNC foam cutting machine, CO2 laser cutting machine, fiber laser cutter, etc. Forsun CNC Router helps you stay productive. We have the right CNC Router Machine tools for your application and weâ??re supporting you every step of the way.

Description of ATC CNC Router Machine with C Axis The ATC CNC router machine is designed with Hiteco aggregate head. This machine has a powerful HSD aggregate head and a movable rotating device. In addition to the typical application of ATC CNC machine tools to increase efficiency, the machine can also be used for milling, boring, and drilling. The movable rotating device saves space and is mainly used for carving cylinders, such as pillars, pillars, chair legs, etc. Main configuration of ATC CNC Router Machine: Spindle: Hiteco 9.5kw ATC spindle Servo motor and driver: 1kw Yako Servo motor and driver Control system: FORSUN Controller system Tool magazine: Linear Auto Tool Magazine with 10 PCS tool Rotary Axis (The 4th Axis of CNC Router / 4 Axis CNC Router) Applications of ATC CNC Router with C Axis: Cabinets and Furniture, Sign Making and Carving, Musical Instruments, Plastic and Foam, Marble and Stone Engraving, Prototyping and 3D modeling, Metal Fabrication and Steel Applications, Exhibits and Scene / Prop Shops, Architectural Millwork, Aluminum, and Brass Machining About FORSUN CNCï¼? Jinan FORSUN CNC Machinery Co., Ltd.,( forsuncnc.com) one of the professional Wood CNC Router manufacturers and suppliers in China, has been focusing on providing high-quality CNC Router Machines and solutions for worldwide customers for 20 years. Main computerized CNC machine types: Wood CNC Router, 3d CNC carving machine, Wood CNC machine, ATC CNC router, Basic beginner CNC router, Mini CNC router, DIY CNC router, hobby cnc router, CNC nesting machine, Multi-Tool CNC machine, Rotary axis CNC carving machine, 4/5 Axis CNC router, CNC marble stone engraving machine, CNC plasma cutter, CNC foam cutting machine, CO2 laser cutting machine, fiber laser cutter, etc. Forsun CNC Router helps you stay productive. We have the right CNC Router Machine tools for your application and weâ??re supporting you every step of the way.

ATC CNC Wood Router with Automatic Pusher Device ATC CNC wood router, perfect functions, vertical emptying, grooving, and material cutting are completed in one step, completely replacing the traditional sliding table saw and electronic cutting saw, getting rid of the traditional opening method relying on manual labor, and using CNC drilling when opening the material At the same time that the group is installed vertically, it can truly realize intelligent production through integration with special design software. Features and benefits 1. 9KW HQD ATC Spindle: The machine Always has a more firm and reasonable structure, It is easy to operate and durable for long-time heavy-duty work. 2. The machine adopts the combination of T-slot and vacuum table, which can strongly absorb materials in different parts and can also fix materials in different shapes, which is flexible and convenient. 3. Automatic Pusher Device: Automatically pushes the material after the whole machine is finished, and pushes the material to open the dust on the table. 4. SYNTEC 6MB Control System: This machine adopts Taiwan SYNTEC 6MB control system. With an open PLC program, customers can plan according to processing needs. Complete functions, simple cycle to realize flexible dialogue programming and simple operation. In addition, it provides a graphic simulation function to facilitate program error checking. 5. Automatic tool sensor: Avoid errors caused by different tool lengths and manual operations. 6. Carousel 12 PCS Tool Magazine: The use of a 12-tool rotating conveyor belt can speed up tool changes, thereby ensuring faster cycle times, thereby increasing throughput. 7. QUATTRO Aggregate: This aggregate head is standard equipped with 4 tool outlets.Application: horizontal boring, (except X-Line, which can also be used for routing). 8. 1000W YAKO Servo motor: It has the advantages of high accuracy, fast speed, and long service life. In addition, it has a strong anti-overload capability and can withstand a load that is three times the rated torque. When running at high speed, it has the advantages of stable operation and low noise. This CNC Router Machine was made especially for industries such as Foam mold making, Cabinet-making, plastic sheeting processing, and sign making, aluminum cutting, etc. About FORSUN CNC: Jinan FORSUN CNC Machinery Co., Ltd., one of the professional Wood CNC Router manufacturers and suppliers in China, has been focusing on providing high-quality CNC Router Machines and solutions for worldwide customers for 20 years. Main computerized CNC machine types: Wood CNC Router, 3d CNC carving machine, Wood CNC machine, ATC CNC router, Basic beginner CNC router, Mini desktop CNC router, Multi-Tool CNC machine, Rotary axis CNC engraver, 4/5 Axis CNC milling machine, CNC marble stone engraving machine, CNC plasma cutter, CNC foam cutting machine, CO2 laser cutting machine, fiber laser cutter, etc.