Gross Calorific Value (GCV) KWh/Nm3 11.131-12.647
LNG Density Kg/m3 430-478
Molecular Weight Kg/Kmol 16.52 - 18.88
Methane % mol 85.0 min 97.0 max
LNG stands for Liquefied Natural Gas, which is natural gas that has been cooled to a very low temperature (-162°C or -260°F) and condensed into a liquid state.
The process of liquefaction reduces the volume of natural gas by around 600 times, making it easier and more cost-effective to transport and store, particularly over long distances.
LNG is odorless, colorless, and non-toxic. It is typically transported in specialized cryogenic tanker ships, and upon reaching its destination, it can be regasified back into its gaseous state for distribution through pipelines to consumers.
LNG is used for a variety of purposes, including heating and electricity generation in residential, commercial, and industrial settings, as well as fuel for transportation, particularly in heavy-duty vehicles like trucks, ships, and buses.
Propane: 85% min. by liquid volume
Propylene: 5% max. by liquid volume
Butane & heavier HC: 2.5% max. by liquid volume
Sulfur: 120 ppm max. by weight
LPG stands for liquefied petroleum gas, also known as propane or butane. It is a flammable hydrocarbon gas that is commonly used as fuel for heating and cooking in homes, as well as for industrial applications, transportation, and agriculture.
LPG is a byproduct of crude oil refining and natural gas processing. It is a mixture of propane and butane gases, which are liquefied through pressurization and cooling. LPG is stored and transported in pressurized tanks and cylinders as a liquid, but when released into the atmosphere, it vaporizes into a gas.
LPG is a versatile fuel that has many advantages over other fossil fuels. It is clean-burning and produces fewer emissions than gasoline or diesel, making it a more environmentally friendly fuel option. It is also highly efficient, as it has a high energy content per unit volume, and can be easily transported and stored in liquid form.
LPG is widely used around the world, particularly in areas where natural gas pipelines are not available or where electricity is unreliable or expensive. It is commonly used in households for cooking and heating, and in vehicles as an alternative fuel to gasoline or diesel. LPG is also used in industrial applications such as manufacturing, agriculture, and chemical processing.
Crude oil, often simply called "crude," is an unrefined petroleum product composed of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic materials. It is a liquid found underground that can be refined to produce various fuels, including gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel, as well as other products like plastics and chemicals.
Classification:
Based on its specific gravity (API gravity) and sulfur content, crude oil can be classified into:
Light or Heavy: Determined by its API gravity with light crude oil being less dense and, therefore, more valuable than heavy crude oil.
Sweet or Sour: Based on its sulfur content. Sweet crude has less than 0.5% sulfur, while sour crude has a higher sulfur content.
Physical Characteristics:
Color varies from yellow to black.
Viscosity can range from water-like to thick and tar-like.
Distinctive odor, often pungent.
Applications:
Fuel Production: Main source for gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and jet fuel after refining.
Petrochemicals: Base for manufacturing chemicals, plastics, synthetic materials, and more.
Lubricants: Processed to produce motor oil, grease, and other lubricating products.
Asphalt: Used in road construction.
Storage & Handling:
Crude oil is typically stored in large tanks or transported in pipelines, tankers, or rail cars. Proper care is needed during transportation to prevent spills and environmental contamination.
Note: Crude oil's quality and characteristics can vary widely based on its geographical origin and the conditions under which it was formed. Before refining or using, a detailed analysis is usually performed to understand its composition and how best to process or utilize it.
