Gross Calorific Value (GCV) KWh/Nm3 11.131-12.647 LNG Density Kg/m3 430-478 Molecular Weight Kg/Kmol 16.52 - 18.88 Methane % mol 85.0 min 97.0 max LNG stands for Liquefied Natural Gas, which is natural gas that has been cooled to a very low temperature (-162°C or -260°F) and condensed into a liquid state. The process of liquefaction reduces the volume of natural gas by around 600 times, making it easier and more cost-effective to transport and store, particularly over long distances. LNG is odorless, colorless, and non-toxic. It is typically transported in specialized cryogenic tanker ships, and upon reaching its destination, it can be regasified back into its gaseous state for distribution through pipelines to consumers. LNG is used for a variety of purposes, including heating and electricity generation in residential, commercial, and industrial settings, as well as fuel for transportation, particularly in heavy-duty vehicles like trucks, ships, and buses.
Propane: 85% min. by liquid volume Propylene: 5% max. by liquid volume Butane & heavier HC: 2.5% max. by liquid volume Sulfur: 120 ppm max. by weight LPG stands for liquefied petroleum gas, also known as propane or butane. It is a flammable hydrocarbon gas that is commonly used as fuel for heating and cooking in homes, as well as for industrial applications, transportation, and agriculture. LPG is a byproduct of crude oil refining and natural gas processing. It is a mixture of propane and butane gases, which are liquefied through pressurization and cooling. LPG is stored and transported in pressurized tanks and cylinders as a liquid, but when released into the atmosphere, it vaporizes into a gas. LPG is a versatile fuel that has many advantages over other fossil fuels. It is clean-burning and produces fewer emissions than gasoline or diesel, making it a more environmentally friendly fuel option. It is also highly efficient, as it has a high energy content per unit volume, and can be easily transported and stored in liquid form. LPG is widely used around the world, particularly in areas where natural gas pipelines are not available or where electricity is unreliable or expensive. It is commonly used in households for cooking and heating, and in vehicles as an alternative fuel to gasoline or diesel. LPG is also used in industrial applications such as manufacturing, agriculture, and chemical processing.
Sulphur is a bright yellow naturally occurring element with the symbol S and atomic number 16 Its a versatile and essential material used in various industrial applications due to its reactive and unique properties Primary Characteristics Appearance Bright yellow crystalline solid in its elemental form Odor Typically odorless but when burned it produces a characteristic rotten egg smell due to the formation of sulphur dioxide Solubility Insoluble in water but soluble in carbon disulphide and other nonpolar solvents Melting Point 11521C 23938F Forms Grades Sulphur can be found in various forms and grades including Elemental Sulphur Typically extracted from natural gas and oil Agricultural Sulphur Finegrade sulphur used in agriculture to adjust soil pH Pharmaceutical Grade Ultrapure sulphur for medical applications Applications Chemical Industry Key ingredient in the manufacture of sulphuric acid the most widely produced industrial chemical Agriculture Used as a soil conditioner and as a component in certain fertilizers Pharmaceuticals An ingredient in some skin treatments particularly for conditions like acne and dandruff Rubber Industry Used in vulcanization a process that hardens rubber Pulp Paper Industry Used in the Kraft process to break down wood components Advantages Essential for Life An important element for all living cells playing a crucial role in the functionality of vitamins enzymes and amino acids Industrial Utility Forms the backbone of numerous chemical reactions and processes Environmental Role Used in flue gas desulphurization to reduce sulphur emissions from power plants Note When procuring or using sulphur its essential to specify the desired grade or form to ensure suitability for the intended application
Furnace oil, also known as fuel oil or heating oil, is a heavy petroleum-based product primarily used in industrial furnaces and boilers to generate heat. It's a residual product obtained after refining crude oil, making it one of the heavier products from the distillation process. Primary Characteristics: Appearance: Viscous liquid, typically dark brown or black. Odor: Distinctive petroleum-based aroma. Density: Heavier compared to light distillates like gasoline and diesel. Sulfur Content: Can vary, but certain grades have a high sulfur content. Specifications: The quality and grade of furnace oil are often specified by standards such as ISO or regional standards. It's typically classified by its viscosity and sulfur content. Applications: Industrial Heating: Used in large furnaces, kilns, and boilers in various industries. Power Generation: Some power plants operate on furnace oil, especially during peak demand or when other fuels are unavailable. Marine: Older ships and certain marine vessels use furnace oil as a bunker fuel. Advantages: Cost-Effective: Often cheaper than other fuel types, especially in regions with abundant refineries. High Energy Content: Its dense nature means it carries a significant amount of energy per unit. Availability: Commonly available due to the vast global crude oil refining processes.
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Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO·2HO). It is widely recognized for its versatility and is commonly found in sedimentary rock formations. The primary use of gypsum is in the construction industry, where it is a key ingredient in the production of plaster, drywall (also known as gypsum board or sheetrock), and cement. Gypsum's ability to harden when mixed with water makes it ideal for creating smooth wall finishes, ceiling tiles, and as a fire-resistant barrier in building materials. Additionally, it is used in agriculture as a soil conditioner to improve soil structure and nutrient availability.
