Gross Calorific Value (GCV) KWh/Nm3 11.131-12.647
LNG Density Kg/m3 430-478
Molecular Weight Kg/Kmol 16.52 - 18.88
Methane % mol 85.0 min 97.0 max
LNG stands for Liquefied Natural Gas, which is natural gas that has been cooled to a very low temperature (-162°C or -260°F) and condensed into a liquid state.
The process of liquefaction reduces the volume of natural gas by around 600 times, making it easier and more cost-effective to transport and store, particularly over long distances.
LNG is odorless, colorless, and non-toxic. It is typically transported in specialized cryogenic tanker ships, and upon reaching its destination, it can be regasified back into its gaseous state for distribution through pipelines to consumers.
LNG is used for a variety of purposes, including heating and electricity generation in residential, commercial, and industrial settings, as well as fuel for transportation, particularly in heavy-duty vehicles like trucks, ships, and buses.
Propane: 85% min. by liquid volume
Propylene: 5% max. by liquid volume
Butane & heavier HC: 2.5% max. by liquid volume
Sulfur: 120 ppm max. by weight
LPG stands for liquefied petroleum gas, also known as propane or butane. It is a flammable hydrocarbon gas that is commonly used as fuel for heating and cooking in homes, as well as for industrial applications, transportation, and agriculture.
LPG is a byproduct of crude oil refining and natural gas processing. It is a mixture of propane and butane gases, which are liquefied through pressurization and cooling. LPG is stored and transported in pressurized tanks and cylinders as a liquid, but when released into the atmosphere, it vaporizes into a gas.
LPG is a versatile fuel that has many advantages over other fossil fuels. It is clean-burning and produces fewer emissions than gasoline or diesel, making it a more environmentally friendly fuel option. It is also highly efficient, as it has a high energy content per unit volume, and can be easily transported and stored in liquid form.
LPG is widely used around the world, particularly in areas where natural gas pipelines are not available or where electricity is unreliable or expensive. It is commonly used in households for cooking and heating, and in vehicles as an alternative fuel to gasoline or diesel. LPG is also used in industrial applications such as manufacturing, agriculture, and chemical processing.
76 Petroleum By Products Suppliers
Short on time? Let Petroleum By Products sellers contact you.
Crude oil, often simply called "crude," is an unrefined petroleum product composed of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic materials. It is a liquid found underground that can be refined to produce various fuels, including gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel, as well as other products like plastics and chemicals.
Classification:
Based on its specific gravity (API gravity) and sulfur content, crude oil can be classified into:
Light or Heavy: Determined by its API gravity with light crude oil being less dense and, therefore, more valuable than heavy crude oil.
Sweet or Sour: Based on its sulfur content. Sweet crude has less than 0.5% sulfur, while sour crude has a higher sulfur content.
Physical Characteristics:
Color varies from yellow to black.
Viscosity can range from water-like to thick and tar-like.
Distinctive odor, often pungent.
Applications:
Fuel Production: Main source for gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and jet fuel after refining.
Petrochemicals: Base for manufacturing chemicals, plastics, synthetic materials, and more.
Lubricants: Processed to produce motor oil, grease, and other lubricating products.
Asphalt: Used in road construction.
Storage & Handling:
Crude oil is typically stored in large tanks or transported in pipelines, tankers, or rail cars. Proper care is needed during transportation to prevent spills and environmental contamination.
Note: Crude oil's quality and characteristics can vary widely based on its geographical origin and the conditions under which it was formed. Before refining or using, a detailed analysis is usually performed to understand its composition and how best to process or utilize it.
Light Cycle Oil (LCO) is a secondary liquid product derived from the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process in refineries. This process breaks down larger hydrocarbon molecules from heavy gas oils into smaller, more valuable products like gasoline and diesel. LCO typically sits between diesel and heavy gas oil in terms of boiling range and weight.
Primary Characteristics:
Appearance: Typically amber to dark brown liquid.
Odor: Characteristic petroleum smell.
Density: Intermediate, falling between lighter distillates and heavier oils.
Sulfur Content: Can vary based on the feedstock and refining process, but often higher than diesel and gasoline.
Applications:
Blending Component: Frequently blended into diesel fuel to enhance volume, though this requires treating to meet emissions standards.
Feedstock: Used in hydrocracking and other refining processes to produce more valuable products, such as gasoline or diesel.
Industrial Burning: Some industries utilize LCO as a combustion fuel, though this is less common due to its higher sulfur content and potential emissions.
Advantages:
Versatility: Can be further processed or blended to meet various fuel product needs.
Economic Value: Provides an additional stream of revenue from the FCC process, maximizing the yield of a refinery.
Feedstock Potential: Offers refineries another option for producing lighter, more desirable products.
Bitumen, often referred to as asphalt, is a viscous, black, and sticky substance. It is a semi-solid form of petroleum and is primarily used as a binder in road construction. When mixed with aggregates, it forms asphalt concrete, the material commonly used for paving roads.
Primary Characteristics:
Appearance: Thick, black to dark brown substance.
Temperature Sensitivity: Becomes liquid when heated and returns to a semi-solid state upon cooling.
Water Resistance: Acts as a waterproofing agent, making it ideal for various sealing applications.
Adhesion: Excellent adhesive properties, allowing it to bind aggregates together effectively.
Grades & Types:
Bitumen comes in various grades, primarily determined by its viscosity and penetration value. Common types include:
Paving Grade Bitumen: Used in road construction.
Oxidized Bitumen: Produced by air blowing and has stiffer properties.
Cutback Bitumen: Bitumen diluted with solvents to reduce viscosity for specific applications.
Modified Bitumen: Bitumen altered with polymers to enhance its properties.
Applications:
Road Construction: Mainly used as a binder mixed with aggregates to pave roads.
Roofing: Used as a waterproofing agent in roofing felts.
Dams & Reservoirs: Acts as a waterproofing membrane.
Soundproofing: Used in soundproofing materials due to its insulating properties.
Advantages:
Durability: Offers a long-lasting paving solution, able to withstand various weather conditions.
Cost-effective: Provides a reliable and economical material for large-scale infrastructure projects.
Recyclable: Old bituminous roads can be reprocessed to produce new roads.
