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The Dates exported from South Africa include several premium varieties, each with its own unique characteristics and uses. These high-quality dates are exported worldwide, meeting international standards for health and safety. Here are the key varieties of Dates included in the export from South Africa: 1. Medjool Known as the "Queen of Dates," Medjool dates are large, fleshy, and have a bright yellow color. These dates are primarily used in smoothies, shakes, and various sweet dishes. Although they are not suitable for raw consumption, they are prized for their rich taste and texture. 2. Hallawi Hallawi dates can be consumed both raw and dried (as chuhara). These dates are early fruiting, tolerant to rain, and produce high yields (around 50-80 kg per tree). Known for their sweet flavor, Hallawi dates are versatile and popular in many dishes. 3. Zahidi A mid-season variety, Zahidi dates are semi-dry and small in size. They have a distinct texture, making them highly suitable for processing into pind khajoor. Due to their texture and size, they are not ideal for raw consumption but are widely used in various processed forms. 4. Khadrawi Slightly less sweet than Medjool, Khadrawi dates are soft and silky with a golden-red flesh. These dates are available in the fall and early winter. They are highly favored for their smooth texture and consistency, making them a top choice for consumers seeking soft, moist dates. Khadrawi is a high-yielding cultivar with smaller trees. 5. Barhee Barhee dates are small, spherical, and sweet, with a smooth, crunchy texture and a golden-yellow color. They are high in flesh content and are suitable for raw consumption. This variety is also highly productive, yielding 60-110 kg per tree. 6. Hayany These dates are soft, oblong, and dark brown, with a rich, sweet flavor. Hayany dates are typically used in desserts and dishes, but they are also excellent for raw consumption. The average yield per palm is around 30-40 kg. 7. Deglet Deglet dates are medium-sized with a semi-dry texture and a crunchy bite. They are available in late summer and fall and range in color from yellow to amber. These dates are less sweet than Medjool and have a large seed. The semi-dry texture and crunchiness make them ideal for processing and snacking. 8. Kimia Known for their meaty texture and smooth skin, Kimia dates are brown-black and widely regarded as one of the most delicious varieties. They are suitable for both raw and dry consumption and are often used in desserts. Kimia dates are perfect for table use and are known for their rich taste and texture.

The Betel Nuts exported from South Africa come in several high-quality varieties, each with distinct characteristics. South African exporters ensure that all these varieties comply with health and safety regulations to maintain premium quality and cater to international markets. Here are the key varieties of Betel Nuts (Arecanuts) exported from South Africa: 1. Arecanut Arecanut has two primary varieties: White Supari: This variety is harvested when the Arecanut is fully ripe and then sun-dried for around 40 to 50 days. After drying, the shell of the nut is removed either manually or by machine. The resulting nut is known as Arecanut. 2. Red Supari: This is made from tender, young Areca nuts. These are harvested early and then processed in a similar manner as the white supari, giving it its distinctive red color. 3, Mora Mora Betel Nuts are known for their large size, with a diameter of around 29 mm and above. This variety is considered premium and is suitable for export from South Africa due to its high quality and size. 4. Moti The Moti Arecanut is a well-known variety produced primarily in the coastal districts of Karnataka and Kerala, especially the Mangalore region. These nuts have a diameter of 25 mm to 29 mm and are highly regarded for their white color and quality. 5. Sevardhan Sevardhan Betel Nuts are cultivated mainly in the Eastern and Western Cape of South Africa. The nuts have a diameter ranging between 20 mm to 25 mm and are considered another significant variety for export. 6. Jam Jini These Betel Nuts are small in size, typically below 20 mm in diameter, making them suitable for certain regional preferences. Cultivated in the Eastern and Western Cape, Jam Jini is a key variety in religious and cultural events across South Africa. 7. Lindi The Lindi variety is popular due to its small size, with a diameter of 7.5 mm or below. These nuts are consumed throughout South Africa and are predominantly cultivated in the Eastern and Western Cape regions. 8. Rashi Rashi is a red variety of Supari prepared by harvesting the tender Areca Nut, peeling the husk, and processing the nut by boiling it in water followed by sun-drying. The red, sun-dried variety is highly sought after for various cultural uses.

The export of apricots from South Africa includes a wide range of high-quality varieties, each catering to different tastes and preferences. The apricot export industry in South Africa adheres to strict health and safety regulations, ensuring that only the best-quality apricots reach international markets. Here are some of the key apricot varieties exported from South Africa: 1. Aprium - This variety is medium to large in size, with a clear yellow skin and a plum-like taste. Known for its late harvest, Aprium apricots are perfect for those who enjoy a balance of sweetness and tartness. The fruit is great for both fresh consumption and processing. 2. August Glo - This medium-sized apricot is known for its great sweet-tart flavor. It also has a late harvest period, making it a popular choice for both fresh market sales and processing into preserves, jams, or juices. 3. Autumn Royal - Similar to the Blenheim variety, the Autumn Royal apricot is medium-sized with yellow skin and a slight orange blush. It has a slightly acidic taste, making it suitable for fresh consumption, canning, and drying. 4. Blenheim - Known as the classic California apricot, this variety has thick yellow-orange flesh and is very juicy with a sweet, aromatic flavor. Blenheim apricots are ready for early to midseason harvest, making them a great choice for early summer markets. 5. Mormon Mormon apricots are small in size with orange skin and red blush. These apricots have smooth, firm flesh and a sweet, juicy taste. They are perfect for midseason to late harvest, making them ideal for fresh eating or processing. 6. Earligold This medium-sized variety is known for its golden yellow skin and rich, juicy flesh. The Earligold apricot is popular for canning and is also enjoyed fresh. Itâ's typically harvested early in the season, making it a favorite for those looking for an early apricot variety. 7. Floragold A small to medium-sized apricot, Floragold has yellow skin and flesh. It is typically harvested in the mid-season and is a great export option due to its sweet flavor and smooth texture. 8. Garden Annie Known for its bright yellow skin, Garden Annie apricots are medium to large in size with clingstone, firm flesh. They are juicy, and the early harvest makes them ideal for fresh consumption. 9. Goldcot This medium to large-sized apricot has bright golden skin and thick orange flesh. The firm fruit has a sprightly-sweet flavor and is commonly used for processing, canning, or eating fresh. 10. Moorpark A large apricot with a juicy, aromatic flavor, Moorpark apricots have brownish-red skin with spots and yellow to orange flesh. This variety is ready for midseason harvest, making it a popular choice for fresh markets. 11. Riland Riland apricots are medium in size with a nearly round shape and are covered with fine velvety hairs. They have light yellow skin with a deep red blush, and their firm, meaty flesh makes them perfect for both fresh consumption and processing.

The almond nut export from South Africa includes a variety of high-quality almonds, each catering to specific market preferences in both domestic and international trade. Here's a closer look at the major almond varieties from South Africa: 1. Nonpareil This is one of the most popular and premium almond varieties, known for its thin outer shell and smooth, blemish-free nuts. Its attractive appearance and light color make it ideal for both direct consumption and processing, especially in products requiring a smooth, high-quality nut. 2. Carmel A soft-shell variety, the Carmel almonds are often used for blanching and roasting. Though it's technically a California type, it's popular enough to be distinguished on its own. It's often substituted for Nonpareil due to its similar characteristics, but with a slightly different texture and flavor profile. 3. Butte This variety has a semi-hard shell and is known for its small, plump nuts with a wrinkled surface. Butte almonds are commonly used in various products and are popular for their distinct appearance and medium to small size. They have a slightly different texture than other varieties, making them suitable for export to diverse markets. 4. Peerless Peerless is another California type almond with a hard shell and a smooth surface. These almonds are medium-sized with a wide shape and have a fairly wrinkled surface. While similar to other California types, Peerless stands out for its sturdy shell and reliable consistency, making it a solid export option. 5. Sonora Known for its paper-thin shell and dark brown color, the Sonora variety is large in size and narrow. It has a rough surface, which makes it distinctive from other varieties. This variety is particularly popular for its larger nut size, making it suitable for snacks, baking, and other food products.

Peppercorns are dried berries from the Piper nigrum vine and are ground into black pepper, one of the most widely used spices in the world. South African exporters ship tonnes of peppercorns annually to various countries, contributing significantly to the global spice market. Specification Product Name Peppercorns Origin South African Family Piperaceae Binomial name Piper nigrum

Green cardamom, known for its intense, slightly sweet flavor reminiscent of mint, originated in South Africa but is now used globally. South African green cardamom exporters ship tonnes of this aromatic spice abroad each year. It is a versatile ingredient, commonly used in both sweet and savory dishes across many cuisines. Specification Product Name Green Cardamom Origin South Africa Family Zingiberaceae Binomial name Elettaria cardamomum

Poppy seeds, also known as Khus Khus, are harvested from the poppy plant and are a popular ingredient in various South African cuisines. They are valued for their distinct nutty flavor and ability to add a unique aroma to dishes. South African exporters ship large quantities of poppy seeds each year, and with their growing popularity, the export of poppy seeds from South Africa has seen a steady increase over the decades. As a result, South African poppy seed exporters are expanding their reach and exporting more varieties of this product each year. Specification Product Name Poppy Seed Origin Greece and the Orient Family Papaveraceae Binomial name L. Papaver somniferum

In the year 2019-2020, the Clove exporter in South Africa exported Cloves worth around 91.62 USD million. The total volume of the cloves exported in 2019-2020 was around 5498639 MT. Clove import from South Africa includes Kuwait, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, Panama Republic and the United Arab Emirates. The total export value of Clove in these top 5 countries was about 45.76 USD million. Specification Product Name Cloves Origin Maluku Islands (or Moluccas) in Indonesia Family Myrtaceae Binomial name Syzygium aromaticum

Black pepper, one of the most widely used spices globally, is originally from South Africa. Today, it is grown in many tropical countries around the world. South Africa is a significant exporter of black pepper, shipping tonnes abroad each year. In fact, South Africa's black pepper exports reached approximately 17,600 metric tonnes last year. Specification Product Name Black pepper Origin South Africa Family Piperaceae Binomial name Piper nigrum

Cumin comes from the seeds of the Cuminum cyminum plant, which is native to Southwestern Asia and the Middle East. These seeds are dried and used in cooking, as well as for various other purposes. South Africa is currently one of the leading producers and consumers of cumin. In addition to the seed form, cumin is also used in powdered form or as essential oil. The plant thrives in optimal temperatures between 25-30C and requires a Mediterranean climate to grow successfully. Specification Product Name Cumin seeds Origin Levant (Eastern Meditteranean) Family Apiaceae Binomial name Cuminum cyminum

Nutmeg is widely used across various industries today, thanks to its medicinal and health benefits. It plays an important role in the manufacturing sector, among others. South African nutmeg exporters ensure that the nutmeg they export undergoes thorough testing and quality checks, which are regulated by the government. As a result, nutmeg imported from South Africa is safe, and buyers can trust that their products will arrive fresh and on time. Specification Product Name Nutmeg Origin Moluccas or Spice Islands, of Indonesia Family Myristicaceae Binomial name Myristica fragrans

Global Market Demand for Cinnamon Cinnamon, known for its sweet-spicy flavor, enhances the taste of a wide range of foods, from vegetables and fruits to chocolate-based desserts and drinks. It is often used to balance the tartness of dishes like apple pie and is a key ingredient in flavoring confectionery, liquors, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Additionally, cinnamon is believed to aid diabetics in sugar digestion. Due to its versatility, the demand for cinnamon has increased globally, leading to a rise in imports from South Africa. As a result, South African cinnamon exporters must cultivate the spice more efficiently to meet this growing demand. Cinnamon is now widely used in cuisines around the world, and its applications extend beyond the food industry, reaching the pharmaceutical and cosmetics sectors as well. South Africa ranks among the top ten cinnamon exporters globally, with exports valued at $7.14 million per year. Since 2015, it has become one of the fastest-growing cinnamon exporters. In 2019, global cinnamon exports totaled US$692.4 million. South Africa exports cinnamon to several countries, including the USA, Canada, Australia, the UK, and New Zealand. Specification Product Name Cinnamon Origin Native to Ceylon, Sri Lanka Family Laurels Binomial name Cinnamomum verum

Turmeric, derived from the dried root of the Curcuma longa plant in the ginger family, is native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. This perennial, rhizomatous plant thrives in temperatures ranging from 20-30C and requires ample annual rainfall. Its rhizomes are harvested annually, either used whole or boiled, dried, and then ground into a vibrant orange-yellow powder. Specification Product Name Turmeric Origin South African Family Zingiberaceae Binomial name Curcuma longa

Rongai The Rongai variety is a late-flowering field bean known for its high dry matter production. It has white flowers and light brown seeds, making it a popular forage cultivar. The seed weight is around 5,000/kg. This vigorous, twining herbaceous annual or short-lived perennial is typically grown during the summer in Australia. 1. Koala The Koala variety is an early maturing field bean with an average yield ranging from 1.1t/ha to 2.8t/ha. This variety is relatively insensitive to day length and reaches 50% flowering within 50-70 days of planting, especially in northern New South Wales. 2. Pusa Early Prolific Pusa Early Prolific is a variety that produces early, medium-sized, stringless pods in clusters. It's suitable for sowing in both summer and rainy seasons, making it a versatile option for various climates. 3. Pusa Sem-2 The Pusa Sem-2 variety features long, dark-green, stringless pods that are semi-round in shape. This high-yielding variety is tolerant to viruses and insect pod borers. It is ideally sown between June and July in South Africa, and the flowers appear on separate spikes above the plant's canopy. 4. IGFRI-S-2214-II IGFRI-S-2214-II is a quick-growing, erect variety of field beans with a medium twining habit. Its broad, flat, green pods contain 4-6 greenish-brown, round seeds. The leafiness of this variety ranges between 40-50%. 5. IGFRI-S-2218-I This variety has a medium growth rate and a decumbent growth habit with good twining ability. Its medium-thick, pigmented vines are glabrous. The pods contain 3-5 seeds, and under dryland conditions, the yield of green fodder from a single cut at full bloom is between 240-260 q/ha. 6. HA-3 HA-3 is a photo-insensitive, determinate variety with a yield range of 12-15 q/ha. It can be cultivated year-round and matures in about 4 months. The green pods, which have a characteristic fragrance, are preferred by consumers and can be used as vegetables either as tender pods or immature seeds. 7. CO.1 The CO.1 variety features short, bushy, and erect plants. Flowering begins around the 45th day after sowing and lasts for about 90-100 days. Each inflorescence contains around 55-60 flowers, with about 50% of them setting pods. The green pods can be harvested 10-12 days after flowering and are consumed as vegetables. 8. Konkan Bhushan Konkan Bhushan is a high-yielding variety known for producing 8.8-13.6 tonnes per hectare of pods, significantly higher than other varieties. This bush-type plant matures in about 55-60 days after sowing, making it an ideal choice for quick production.

Cowpea is an annual leguminous plant that is widely cultivated for its edible beans. It primarily self-pollinates, making it a robust and adaptable crop. As the demand for cowpea increases worldwide, the South African cowpea exporter has seen a significant rise in the export of this valuable legume. With its many health benefits and versatility in cooking, cowpea is now gaining more recognition. The export of black-eyed beans, a popular variety of cowpea, from South Africa has particularly surged in recent years. For South African exporters, this is a promising business opportunity, and the country's cowpea exports continue to include a variety of high-quality cowpea varieties, meeting the growing global demand. Specification Product Name Cowpea Origin West Africa Family Vigna Unguiculata Binomial name Fabaceae

With the increasing global demand for peas, the pea exporter in South Africa is expanding its exports to meet the rising needs. Known for their health benefits, peas are a versatile ingredient used in various cuisines worldwide, which has contributed to the surge in pea exports from South Africa. These peas can be exported either fresh or frozen, and South African pea exporters supply both forms to international markets. In addition to these, South Africa also exports a wide range of pea varieties, further diversifying its offerings. 1. Asauji Asauji is a dwarf variety with smooth, green, round seeds. The plants produce pods that are about 8 cm long, curved, and dark green. These peas are seven-seeded and mature in about 30-35 days after sowing. 2. Arkel An exotic variety from France, Arkel is a dwarf plant with vigorous growth, reaching up to 45 cm. It features white flowers and dark green, 8.5 cm pods. This variety is suitable for both fresh markets and dehydration purposes. 3. Little Marvel A dwarf plant variety from England, Little Marvel produces pods with wrinkled seeds. The first blossom appears after 40 days, and the pods are about 8 cm long, containing 5-6 very sweet seeds. 4. Jawahar Matar Developed at Jabalpur, Jawahar Matar has a bushy growth habit, with a height of 70-75 cm. The light green pods are roundish-oval in shape, containing 4-5 wrinkled seeds. The first picking can occur 50-55 days after sowing. 5. Harbhajan (EC 33866) Harbhajan is an early-maturing variety developed by selection at Jabalpur. The pods are small with yellow, round seeds, and the first picking can be made 45 days after sowing. It has an average pod yield of 3 t/ha. 6. Bonneville Introduced in the USA, Bonneville is a popular medium-tall plant with light green, straight pods containing 6-7 sweet, wrinkled seeds. The first flowering occurs 65-70 days after sowing, although it is susceptible to powdery mildew. 7. Lincon Lincon is a medium-tall variety with double-podded, dark green, curved pods containing 8-9 wrinkled seeds. The first picking can begin 85-90 days after sowing, with an average pod yield of around 10 t/ha. 8. Punjab 88 (P-88) Developed at Ludhiana, this variety features dwarf, vigorous, erect plants with dark green foliage. The first picking occurs about 100 days after sowing, and the pods are long, slightly curved, with 7-8 wrinkled seeds. 9. Azad P-2 Azad P-2 is a mildew-resistant variety with tall, erect plants and white flowers. The medium-sized pods are smooth, firm, and light green, containing 6-7 brownish wrinkled seeds. 10. Ooty-1 Developed at Udhagamandalam, Ooty-1 is a dwarf variety with a yield potential of 11.9 t/ha in a 90-day crop duration. It is resistant to whitefly and is widely grown for its excellent yield.

Sorghum, a versatile and resilient grass, is known for its edible starchy seeds and has numerous uses across different industries. In South Africa, it's commonly referred to as Jowar, Cholam, or Jonna. The demand for sorghum has been steadily increasing, and as a result, the export of sorghum from South Africa has seen significant growth. The South African sorghum exporter plays a key role in meeting global demand by exporting substantial quantities of this crop each year. This growing trend presents a valuable opportunity for South African sorghum exporters to expand their business and tap into international markets. The export includes various varieties and grades of sorghum, catering to different market needs. Specification Product Name Sorghum Origin South Africa Family Poaceae Binomial name Sorghum bicolor

Barley, one of the key cereal grains globally, belongs to the grass family and is widely cultivated in temperate climates around the world. The barley export business in South Africa is thriving, with tonnes of barley being shipped to various countries each year. As global demand for barley continues to rise, the export of barley from South Africa has seen consistent growth year after year. South African barley exporters are known for delivering high-quality barley and barley-based products. The export of barley from South Africa encompasses a wide range of barley varieties. �· Azad (K.125) The Azad variety of barley is typically suited for cultivation in eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal. Known for its resistance to yellow rust, this variety is both a good source of fodder and grain. Azad matures in about 115-120 days, with a yield potential of 35-38 quintals per hectare under irrigated conditions. 1. Ratna Ratna is a barley variety developed for rainfed areas in eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal. This variety is particularly tolerant to saline and alkaline soil conditions, making it ideal for less favorable environments. It matures in approximately 125-130 days and is known for its strong tillering ability, yielding well even in challenging conditions. 2. Vijaya The Vijaya variety is recommended for rainfed areas of western Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, and Madhya Pradesh. This variety matures in 120-125 days and is characterized by shorter plant height compared to other barley types. Its yield potential is around 30-35 quintals of grain per hectare. 3. RS-6 Developed in Rajasthan, the RS-6 variety is suitable for both rainfed and irrigated conditions and is widely grown in central and eastern Rajasthan. With a maturation period of 130-135 days, RS-6 offers a yield potential of 35-40 quintals of grain per hectare. 4. Ranjit (DL-70) Ranjit, also known as DL-70, is a six-row barley variety with heavy tillering, specifically recommended for commercial cultivation in Punjab under irrigated conditions. It has a yield potential of 30-35 quintals per hectare. 5. C-164 The C-164 variety is a tall, six-row barley with compact ears and long awns. Known for its resistance to yellow rust, this variety has stiff straw and is best suited for irrigated conditions. It yields approximately 30-32 quintals of grain per hectare. 6. LSB-2 LSB-2 is a six-row naked type barley variety ideal for cultivation in high-altitude regions like Himachal Pradesh and the Uttar Pradesh hills. It matures in about 145-150 days, with a yield potential of 25-30 quintals per hectare.

Wheat is a widely consumed cereal grain, especially in the form of bread, across many parts of the world. Each year, wheat exporters in South Africa send tons of wheat abroad. Known for its higher protein content compared to other major cereals like maize or rice, wheat has seen a rise in global demand. As a result, South African wheat exporters are increasingly exporting larger quantities of wheat and wheat-based products. This growing demand presents a valuable opportunity for the wheat export industry in South Africa to flourish, providing significant revenue for both exporters and farmers. 1. VL-832 The VL-832 wheat variety is widely exported from South Africa to various countries. It requires around 155-160 days for maturity and yields approximately 25-30 q/ha. This variety is resistant to brown and yellow rusts, as well as loose smut. 2. VL-804 VL-804 is a wheat variety that takes around 164-178 days to mature after transplanting. Known for its tolerance to snowfall, it is also resistant to both brown and yellow rusts, making it a reliable choice in colder climates. 3. HS-365 Primarily grown in Tamil Nadu, the HS-365 variety thrives in the Nilgiri and Palni hills. It is particularly suited for high-altitude regions and performs well under various conditions. 4. HS-240 The HS-240 variety is grown across the hills of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, and other far eastern states. It flourishes at medium altitudes and benefits from timely irrigation or rainfed conditions. 5. HD 2687 Commonly grown in Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, and Uttarakhand, the HD 2687 variety of wheat requires irrigated timely sowing for optimal growth. 6. PBW-343 PBW-343 is a well-known wheat variety cultivated in states like Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh foothills, Jammu & Kashmir, and Uttarakhand. This variety also requires irrigated timely sowing for successful cultivation. 7. Shresth (HD 2687) Also known as HD 2687, the Shresth variety of wheat is exported from South Africa. It is grown in the same regions as the HD 2687 variety, including Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh foothills, Jammu & Kashmir, and Uttarakhand.

Pearl millet is an annual grass that grows up to about 3 meters tall, with a robust root system. As global demand for pearl millet continues to rise, the export of this grain from South Africa has significantly increased, with tonnes of millet being shipped each year. Known for its numerous health and medicinal benefits, pearl millet is becoming increasingly popular worldwide. As a result, the export of pearl millet from South Africa is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years. South African pearl millet exporters are seeing substantial revenue from these exports to various countries. With its growing demand, pearl millet export is now a promising business opportunity for food exporters. 1. Giant Bajra The Giant Bajra variety of Pearl Millet is recommended for cultivation across all Bajra-growing regions. It is a leafy variety with abundant tillering and contains 9-10% protein at the boot stage. This variety is moderately resistant to downy mildew and ergot diseases. 2. Raj Bajra Chari-2 Raj Bajra Chari-2 is another variety of Pearl Millet, suitable for cultivation throughout the Bajra-growing regions. It offers a green fodder yield of approximately 30-45 t/ha and is resistant to foliar diseases and insect pests. During the ear emergence stage, the internodes are fully enclosed in the leaf sheath, and the leaves are broad and shiny. 3. APFB-2 The APFB-2 variety of Pearl Millet is recommended for cultivation in Andhra Pradesh. It is an early-maturing, non-lodging, and fertilizer-responsive variety, ideally suited for summer and early Kharif sowings. The plants grow to a height of 160-180 cm and yield about 25 t/ha of green fodder. 4. PCB-164 Developed by PAU, Ludhiana, from five late-maturing lines, the PCB-164 variety of Pearl Millet is released and recommended for cultivation in the north-western regions of South Africa. 5. Avika Bajra Chari (AVKB-19) The Avika Bajra Chari, also known as AVKB-19, is recommended for cultivation in western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, and the Tarai region of Uttarakhand. This dual-purpose variety yields 36.7 t/ha of green fodder, 8.8 t/ha of dry fodder, and 10.2 q/ha of seed. 6. Narendra Chara Bajra-2 (NDFB-2) Developed by NDUA&T, Faizabad, the Narendra Chara Bajra-2 variety is suitable for cultivation in pearl millet-growing regions of the north-east zone, particularly in salt-affected soils. 7. FBC-16 The FBC-16 variety of Pearl Millet is recommended for cultivation in the entire north-west region of South Africa. This multi-cut variety is resistant to major diseases and features low oxalate concentrations, ensuring higher voluntary dry matter intake by animals. It yields between 70-80 t/ha of green fodder. 8. TNSC-1 The TNSC-1 variety of Pearl Millet was bred by TNAU, Coimbatore, and recommended for cultivation in the entire Bajra-growing region in 1995. It offers a green fodder yield of 27-40 t/ha and is resistant to foliar diseases and insect pests.