Solest 220 is a formulated ISO VG220 synthetic polyol ester (POE) lubricant designed for commercial and industrial refrigeration and air conditioning compressors with over 25 years service in the field. Designed to maximize lubrication in HFC systems, Solest 220 provides superior bearing protection with greater film strength than standard HFC lubricants. This product provides effective wear protection for steel and aluminium surfaces for increased system life and improved efficiency. Solest lubricants are designed for standard factory fill of air conditioning and industrial refrigeration equipment, as well as for OEM retrofitting operations. CPI laboratory studies and OEM compressor bench tests have afforded a product line specifically designed to meet key system needs. Solest lubricants are not hazardous under 29 CFR 1910.1200. They provide improved properties over conventional mineral oils in all aspects, including viscosity index, flash and fire points and pour point. Applications and Compressor Type HFC, HCFC, HFO Refrigeration Reciprocating, Screw, Centrifugal Compressors Features and Benefits Thermally stable Longer system life Improved oil management Efficiency gains Corrosion protection Enhanced system reliability and reduced down-time Excellent bearing lubrication Longer compressor Life Optimized System performance Reduced operating costs Environmentally friendly Biodegradable Excellent lubricity Increased efficiency, reduced cost of operation Outstanding Miscibility The performance of an HFC system is optimized when the lubricant and refrigerant mix to form a single, clear phase. Miscibility lowers the viscosity of the lubricant carried through the system, so the lubricant can more efficiently return to the compressor. Mineral oils are not miscible with HFCs whereas Solest 220, as a polyol ester has a controlled level of miscibility with HFC gases. Excellent Thermal Stability Sealed tube results (ASHRAE 97) indicate that Solest 220 provides excellent stability in the presence of HFC refrigerants. In addition to outstanding stability, this lubricant shows no adverse effects to metals and other materials of construction.
Solest 220 is a formulated ISO VG220 synthetic polyol ester (POE) lubricant designed for commercial and industrial refrigeration and air conditioning compressors with over 25 years service in the field. Designed to maximize lubrication in HFC systems, Solest 220 provides superior bearing protection with greater film strength than standard HFC lubricants. This product provides effective wear protection for steel and aluminium surfaces for increased system life and improved efficiency. Solest lubricants are designed for standard factory fill of air conditioning and industrial refrigeration equipment, as well as for OEM retrofitting operations. CPI laboratory studies and OEM compressor bench tests have afforded a product line specifically designed to meet key system needs. Solest lubricants are not hazardous under 29 CFR 1910.1200. They provide improved properties over conventional mineral oils in all aspects, including viscosity index, flash and fire points and pour point. Applications and Compressor Type HFC, HCFC, HFO Refrigeration Reciprocating, Screw, Centrifugal Compressors Features and Benefits Thermally stable Longer system life Improved oil management Efficiency gains Corrosion protection Enhanced system reliability and reduced down-time Excellent bearing lubrication Longer compressor Life Optimized System performance Reduced operating costs Environmentally friendly Biodegradable Excellent lubricity Increased efficiency, reduced cost of operation Outstanding Miscibility The performance of an HFC system is optimized when the lubricant and refrigerant mix to form a single, clear phase. Miscibility lowers the viscosity of the lubricant carried through the system, so the lubricant can more efficiently return to the compressor. Mineral oils are not miscible with HFCs whereas Solest 220, as a polyol ester has a controlled level of miscibility with HFC gases. Excellent Thermal Stability Sealed tube results (ASHRAE 97) indicate that Soles 220 provides excellent stability in the presence of HFC refrigerants. In addition to outstanding stability, this lubricant shows no adverse effects to metals and other materials of construction.
Solest 180 is a formulated VG180 synthetic polyol ester (POE) lubricant designed for commercial and industrial refrigeration and air conditioning compressors with over 25 years service in the field. Designed to maximize lubrication in HFC systems, Solest 180 provides superior bearing protection with greater film strength than standard HFC lubricants. This product provides effective wear protection for steel and aluminium surfaces for increased system life and improved efficiency. This grade offers excellent resistance to dilution in HFC refrigerants. Solest lubricants are designed for standard factory fill of air conditioning and industrial refrigeration equipment, as well as for OEM retrofitting operations. CPIs laboratory studies and OEM compressor bench tests have afforded a product line specifically designed to meet key system needs. Solest lubricants are not hazardous under 29 CFR 1910.1200. They provide improved properties over conventional mineral oils in all aspects, including viscosity index, flash and fire points and pour point. Applications and Compressor Type HFC, HCFC, HFO Refrigeration Reciprocating, Screw, Centrifugal Compressors Features and Benefits Thermally stable Longer system life Improved oil management Efficiency gains Corrosion protection Enhanced system reliability and reduced down-time Excellent bearing lubrication Longer compressor Life Optimized System performance Reduced operating costs Environmentally friendly Biodegradable Excellent lubricity Increased efficiency, reduced cost of operation Outstanding Miscibility The performance of an HFC system is optimized when the lubricant and refrigerant mix to form a single, clear phase. Miscibility lowers the viscosity of the lubricant carried through the system, so the lubricant can more efficiently return to the compressor. Mineral oils are not miscible with HFCs whereas Solest 180, as a polyol ester has a controlled level of miscibility with HFC gases. Excellent Thermal Stability Sealed tube results (ASHRAE 97) indicate that Soles 180 provides excellent stability in the presence of HFC refrigerants. In addition to outstanding stability, this lubricant shows no adverse effects to metals and other materials of construction.
Solest 180 is a formulated VG180 synthetic polyol ester (POE) lubricant designed for commercial and industrial refrigeration and air conditioning compressors with over 25 years service in the field. Designed to maximize lubrication in HFC systems, Solest 180 provides superior bearing protection with greater film strength than standard HFC lubricants. This product provides effective wear protection for steel and aluminum surfaces for increased system life and improved efficiency. This grade offers excellent resistance to dilution in HFC refrigerants. Solest lubricants are designed for standard factory fill of air conditioning and industrial refrigeration equipment, as well as for OEM retrofitting operations. CPI's laboratory studies and OEM compressor bench tests have afforded a product line specifically designed to meet key system needs. Solest lubricants are not hazardous under 29 CFR 1910.1200. They provide improved properties over conventional mineral oils in all aspects, including viscosity index, flash and fire points and pour point. Applications and Compressor Type HFC, HCFC, HFO Refrigeration Reciprocating, Screw, Centrifugal Compressors Features and Benefits Thermally stable Longer system life Improved oil management Efficiency gains Corrosion protection Enhanced system reliability and reduced down-time Excellent bearing lubrication Longer compressor Life Optimized System performance Reduced operating costs Environmentally friendly Biodegradable Excellent lubricity Increased efficiency, reduced cost of operation Outstanding Miscibility The performance of an HFC system is optimized when the lubricant and refrigerant mix to form a single, clear phase. Miscibility lowers the viscosity of the lubricant carried through the system, so the lubricant can more efficiently return to the compressor. Mineral oils are not miscible with HFCs whereas Solest 180, as a polyol ester has a controlled level of miscibility with HFC gases. Excellent Thermal Stability Sealed tube results (ASHRAE 97) indicate that Solest 180 provides excellent stability in the presence of HFC refrigerants. In addition to outstanding stability, this lubricant shows no adverse effects to metals and other materials of construction.
Solest 120 is a formulated VG120 synthetic polyol ester (POE) lubricant designed for commercial and industrial refrigeration and air conditioning compressors with over 25 years of service in the field. Designed to maximize lubrication in HFC systems, Solest 120 provides superior bearing protection with greater film strength than standard HFC lubricants. This product provides effective wear protection for steel and aluminium surfaces for increased system life and improved efficiency. Solest lubricants are designed for standard factory fill of air conditioning and industrial refrigeration equipment, as well as for OEM retrofitting operations. CPI's laboratory studies and OEM compressor bench tests have afforded a product line specifically designed to meet key system needs. Solest lubricants are not hazardous under 29 CFR 1910.1200. They provide improved properties over conventional mineral oils in all aspects, including viscosity index, flash and fire points and pour point. Applications and Compressor Type HFC, HCFC, HFO Refrigeration Reciprocating, Screw, Centrifugal Compressors Features and Benefits Thermally stable Longer system life Improved oil management Efficiency gains Corrosion protection Enhanced system reliability and reduced down-time Excellent bearing lubrication Longer compressor Life Optimized System performance Reduced operating costs Environmentally friendly Biodegradable Excellent lubricity Increased efficiency, reduced cost of operation Outstanding Miscibility The performance of an HFC system is optimized when the lubricant and refrigerant mix to form a single, clear phase. Miscibility lowers the viscosity of the lubricant carried through the system, so the lubricant can more efficiently return to the compressor. Mineral oils are not miscible with HFCs whereas Solest 120, as a polyol ester has a controlled level of miscibility with HFC gases. Excellent Thermal Stability Sealed tube results (ASHRAE 97) indicate that Solest 120 provides excellent stability in the presence of HFC refrigerants. In addition to outstanding stability, this lubricant shows no adverse effects to metals and other materials of construction.
Solest 120 is a formulated VG120 synthetic polyol ester (POE) lubricant designed for commercial and industrial refrigeration and air conditioning compressors with over 25 years of service in the field. Designed to maximize lubrication in HFC systems, Solest 120 provides superior bearing protection with greater film strength than standard HFC lubricants. This product provides effective wear protection for steel and aluminum surfaces for increased system life and improved efficiency. Solest lubricants are designed for standard factory fill of air conditioning and industrial refrigeration equipment, as well as for OEM retrofitting operations. CPI's laboratory studies and OEM compressor bench tests have afforded a product line specifically designed to meet key system needs. Solest lubricants are not hazardous under 29 CFR 1910.1200. They provide improved properties over conventional mineral oils in all aspects, including viscosity index, flash and fire points and pour point. Applications and Compressor Type HFC, HCFC, HFO Refrigeration Reciprocating, Screw, Centrifugal Compressors Features and Benefits Thermally stable Longer system life Improved oil management Efficiency gains Corrosion protection Enhanced system reliability and reduced down-time Excellent bearing lubrication Longer compressor Life Optimized System performance Reduced operating costs Environmentally friendly Biodegradable Excellent lubricity Increased efficiency, reduced cost of operation Outstanding Miscibility The performance of an HFC system is optimized when the lubricant and refrigerant mix to form a single, clear phase. Miscibility lowers the viscosity of the lubricant carried through the system, so the lubricant can more efficiently return to the compressor. Mineral oils are not miscible with HFCs whereas Solest 120, as a polyol ester has a controlled level of miscibility with HFC gases. Excellent Thermal Stability Sealed tube results (ASHRAE 97) indicate that Solest 120 provides excellent stability in the presence of HFC refrigerants. In addition to outstanding stability, this lubricant shows no adverse effects to metals and other materials of construction.
Lenoil refrigeration fluids are a unique blend of synthetic and semisynthetic basestocks, designed to give optimum performance in a variety of refrigeration systems. In addition to their outstanding stability with R-12 and R-22, the Lenoil fluids also contain a high degree of compatibility with these refrigerants, making them suitable for use at low temperatures where conventional mineral oil-based products often fail. Applications and Compressor Type R12 CFC Systems R22 HCFC Refrigeration R717 Ammonia Refrigeration Features and Benefits Oxidatively stable Longer system life Low carry-over Improves evaporator efficiency Corrosion protection Enhanced system reliability and reduced downtime Low pour point Easier removal of the oil Low volatility Reduced maintenance, reduced top-up"
The CPI -4624-F Series compressor lubricants are formulated using a premium polyalphaolefin (PAO) base fluid combined with an unmatched high-performance additive package. These compressor lubricants feature superior thermal and oxidative stability enabling them to operate over a wide range of temperatures without coking, deposit formation, or corrosion. Additional features of these lubricants are low volatility and compatibility with mineral oils. The CPI -4624-F Series fluids are non-toxic and are accepted for use in food processing and packaging facilities where NSF H1 lubricants with incidental food contact are permitted. This product is especially advantageous for use in carbon dioxide (CO2) applications. Applications and Compressor Type Flooded rotary screw compressors Carbon dioxide (CO2) applications Rotary vane compressors Liquid ring vacuum pumps Other applications requiring a chemically and thermally stable lubricant Features and Benefits Oxidatively stable Longer system life Low volatility Reduced maintenance and top-offs Corrosion protection Enhanced system reliability and reduced downtime Food grade certified NSF H1 certified for use in applications with incidental food contact
CPI-4628-68 is formulated with high quality synthetic polyalphaolefi n (PAO) basestock, combined with our patented seal swell technology. This lubricant features enhanced oxidation stability and a low pour point, allowing it to operate over a wide range of temperatures. The oil has low volatility, enabling decreased maintenance and significantly reduced lubricant consumption. Our patented seal swell technology minimized ammonia leaks due to poor elastomer performance. CPI-4628-68 is particularly suited for use in ammonia compressors with evaporator temps below -39C. Applications and Compressor Type Ammonia compressors Process gas rotary screw Process gas reciprocating compressors Features and Benefits Patented seal swell technology Minimize ammonia leaks Mineral oil compatible Easier change-over Oxidatively stable Longer system life Low carry-over Improves evaporator efficiency Corrosion protection Enhanced system reliability and reduced downtime Very low pour point Reduced efficiency loss and easier removal of the oil Low volatility Reduced maintenance, reduced top-up Test Procedure ASTM Method Typical Viscosity @ 40 C, cSt ASTM D445 59.1 Viscosity @ 100 C, cSt ASTM D445 9.1 Viscosity Index ASTM D2270 131 Density, g/mL, 20 C ASTM D4052 0.84 Pour Point ( C) ASTM D97 -54 Flash Point, C.O.C., ( C) ASTM D92 266 Fire Point, C.O.C., ( C) ASTM D92 282
The CPI-4601 Series compressor lubricants are formulated using a premium polyalphaolefin (PAO) synthetic base fluid coupled with an unparalleled high-performance additive package. These compressor lubricants feature superior thermal and oxidative stability, enabling them to operate over a wide range of temperatures without coking, deposit formation, or corrosion. Additional features include low volatility and compatibility with mineral oil lubricants. The CPI-4601 Series fluids are non-toxic and are accepted for use in food processing facilities where NSF H2 certified products are permitted. The CPI-4601 Series meets ISO 6743-3A DAB and DAJ classifications. Applications and Compressor Type Flooded rotary screw compressors Liquid ring vacuum pumps Applications requiring an oxidative and thermally resistant lubricant Features and Benefits Oxidatively stable Longer system life Low volatility Reduced maintenance and top-offs Corrosion protection Enhanced system reliability and reduced downtime
The CPI -4601 Series compressor lubricants are formulated using a premium polyalphaolefin (PAO) synthetic base fluid coupled with an unparalleled high-performance additive package. These compressor lubricants feature superior thermal and oxidative stability, enabling them to operate over a wide range of temperatures without coking, deposit formation, or corrosion. Additional features include low volatility and compatibility with mineral oil lubricants. The CPI-4601 Series fluids are non-toxic and are accepted for use in food processing facilities where NSF H2 certified products are permitted. The CPI-4601 Series meets ISO 6743-3A DAB and DAJ classifications. Applications and Compressor Type Flooded rotary screw compressors Liquid ring vacuum pumps Applications requiring an oxidative and thermally resistant lubricant Features and Benefits Oxidatively stable Longer system life Low volatility Reduced maintenance and top-offs Corrosion protection Enhanced system reliability and reduced downtime
The CPI-4601 Series compressor lubricants are formulated using a premium polyalphaolefin (PAO) synthetic base fluid coupled with an unparalleled high performance additive package. These compressor lubricants feature superior thermal and oxidative stability, enabling them to operate over a wide range of temperatures without coking, deposit formation, or corrosion. Additional features include low volatility and compatibility with mineral oil lubricants. The CPI-4601 Series fluids are non-toxic and are accepted for use in food processing facilities where NSF H2 certified products are permitted. The CPI-4601 Series meets ISO 6743-3A DAB and DAJ classifications. Applications and Compressor Type Flooded rotary screw compressors Liquid ring vacuum pumps Applications requiring an oxidative and thermally resistant lubricant Features and Benefits Oxidatively stable Longer system life Low volatility Reduced maintenance and top-offs Corrosion protection Enhanced system reliability and reduced down-time
The CP -4600 Series compressor lubricants are formulated using premium polyalphaolefi n (PAO) synthetic base fluid, coupled with a high-performance additive package. These compressor lubricants feature excellent thermal and oxidation stability enabling them to operate over a wide range of temperatures without coking, deposit formation or corrosion. The lubricants have low volatility and exhibit excellent miscibility with hydrocarbon gas and good compatibility with mineral oil lubricants. The CPI-4600 Series are recommended for refrigeration services due to excellent low-temperature properties. They are wax-free as they are synthetic. A low pour point prevents lubricants from congealing in refrigeration lines. High film strength provides lubricity even when diluted with refrigerant. Applications and Compressor Type Propylene Refrigeration Oil-flooded rotary screw compressors Liquid ring vacuum pumps Other applications requiring an oxidative and thermally resistant lubricant Features and Benefits Hydrocarbon miscibility Work well with hydrocarbon gas in industrial refrigeration systems Oxidatively stable Longer system life Low volatility Reduced maintenance, reduced top-up High viscosity index Wide temperature range of operation Excellent lubricity Increased efficiency, reduced cost of operation
The CPI -1516 Series compressor lubricants are formulated using premium polyalkylene glycol (PAG), coupled with a high performance additive package. The lubricants are specifically formulated to ensure shear stability, corrosion protection, and excellent lubricity. These compressor lubricants feature excellent protection against yellow metal staining by careful selection of a combination of corrosion inhibitors. This, coupled with unparalleled oxidative and thermal stability ensures that the use of these lubricants over a wide range of applications and systems will result in a long, trouble-free and uninterrupted service interval. The CPI-1516 Series are specifically advantageous in high-temperature applications, particularly as the low volatility and high viscosity index means that there is significantly reduced lubricant in the gas stream, ensuring that the use of these lubricants over a wide range of applications and systems will result in a long, trouble-free and uninterrupted service interval. Applications and Compressor Type Flooded rotary screw compressors Propane refridgeration Features and Benefits Corrosion protection (yellow metals) Enhanced system reliability and reduced down-time Oxidatively stable Longer system life Extremely low volatility Reduced maintenance, reduced top-up Excellent lubricity Increased effi ciency, reduced cost of operation High viscosity index Satisfactory use over wide range of operational temperatures
The CPI -1516 Series compressor lubricants are formulated using premium polyalkylene glycol (PAG), coupled with a high-performance additive package. The lubricants are specifically formulated to ensure shear stability, corrosion protection, and excellent lubricity. These compressor lubricants feature excellent protection against yellow metal staining by careful selection of a combination of corrosion inhibitors. This, coupled with unparalleled oxidative and thermal stability ensures that the use of these lubricants over a wide range of applications and systems will result in a long, trouble-free and uninterrupted service interval. The CPI-1516 Series are specifically advantageous in high temperature applications, particularly as the low volatility and high viscosity index means that there is significantly reduced lubricant in the gas stream, ensuring that the use of these lubricants over a wide range of applications and systems will result in a long, trouble-free and uninterrupted service interval. Applications and Compressor Type Flooded rotary screw compressors Propane refridgeration Features and Benefits Corrosion protection (yellow metals) Enhanced system reliability and reduced down-time Oxidatively stable Longer system life Extremely low volatility Reduced maintenance, reduced top-up Excellent lubricity Increased effi ciency, reduced cost of operation High viscosity index Satisfactory use over wide range of operational temperatures
CPI -1507 series products are polyalkylene glycol lubricants, formulated to give negligible solubility or dilution in contact with hydrocarbon liquids or vapors. The ability of these lubricants to withstand dilution by hydrocarbon gases is particularly advantageous in compressors handling high concentrations of hydrocarbon and gasoline vapors. Applications include lubricating mechanical seals, centrifugal compressors, and scroll compressors. CPI-1507 series products are heat stable polymers in the absence of oxygen. They are soluble in water. Test Procedure CPI-1507-32 Viscosity @ 40C, cSt, ASTM D445 31.72 Viscosity @ 100C, cSt 5.28 Viscosity @ 100F, SUS 165.0 Viscosity @ 210F, SUS 44.0 Viscosity Index, ASTM D2270 96 Density, lb/gal, 60F, ASTM D4052 9.43 Pour Point F (C), ASTM D97 -49 (-56.2) Flash Point, C.O.C., F (C), ASTM D92 350 (177) Fire Point, C.O.C.,F (C), ASTM D92 355 (179) Specific Gravity, ASTM D4052 1.130 These are typical values and are not intended for use in preparing specifications
CPI-1507 series products are polyalkylene glycol lubricants, formulated to give negligible solubility or dilution in contact with hydrocarbon liquids or vapors. The ability of these lubricants to withstand dilution by hydrocarbon gases is particularly advantageous in compressors handling high concentrations of hydrocarbon and gasoline vapors. Applications include lubricating mechanical seals, centrifugal compressors, and scroll compressors. CPI -1507 series products are heat stable polymers in the absence of oxygen. They are soluble in water. Test Procedure CPI -1507-32 Viscosity @ 40 C, cSt, ASTM D445 31.72 Viscosity @ 100 C, cSt 5.28 Viscosity @ 100 F, SUS 165.0 Viscosity @ 210 F, SUS 44.0 Viscosity Index, ASTM D2270 96 Density, lb/gal, 60 F, ASTM D4052 9.43 Pour Point F ( C), ASTM D97 -49 (-56.2) Flash Point, C.O.C., F ( C), ASTM D92 350 (177) Fire Point, C.O.C., F ( C), ASTM D92 355 (179) Specific Gravity, ASTM D4052 1.130 These are typical values and are not intended for use in preparing specifications.
CPI -1507 series products are polyalkylene glycol lubricants, formulated to give negligible solubility or dilution in contact with hydrocarbon liquids or vapors. The ability of these lubricants to withstand dilution by hydrocarbon gases is particularly advantageous in compressors handling high concentrations of hydrocarbon and gasoline vapors. Applications include lubricating mechanical seals, centrifugal compressors, and scroll compressors. CPI -1507 series products are heat stable polymers in the absence of oxygen. They are soluble in water. Test Procedure CPI -1507-32 Viscosity @ 40 C, cSt, ASTM D445 31.72 Viscosity @ 100 C, cSt 5.28 Viscosity @ 100 F, SUS 165.0 Viscosity @ 210 F, SUS 44.0 Viscosity Index, ASTM D2270 96 Density, lb/gal, 60 F, ASTM D4052 9.43 Pour Point F ( C), ASTM D97 -49 (-56.2) Flash Point, C.O.C., F ( C), ASTM D92 350 (177) Fire Point, C.O.C., F ( C), ASTM D92 355 (179) Specific Gravity, ASTM D4052 1.130 These are typical values and are not intended for use in preparing specifications.
CPI -1507-150 is a polyalkylene glycol lubricant, formulated to give negligible solubility or dilution in contact with hydrocarbon liquids or vapors. The ability of this lubricant is to withstand dilution by hydrocarbon gases is particularly advantageous in liquid ring vacuum pump and centrifugal compressors handling high concentrations of hydrocarbon and gasoline vapors. CPI-1507-150 is a heat-stable polymer in the absence of oxygen. It is soluble in water. Test Procedure CPI-1507-150 Viscosity @ 40C, cSt, ASTM D445 115.1 Viscosity @ 100C, cSt 17.61 Viscosity @ 100F, SUS 587 Viscosity @ 210F, SUS 90.5 Viscosity Index, ASTM D2270 159 Density, lb/gal, 60F, ASTM D4052 9.27 Pour Point F (C), ASTM D97 22 (-5.6) Flash Point, C.O.C., F (C), ASTM D92 495 (257) Fire Point, C.O.C., F (C), ASTM D92 540 (282) Specific Gravity, ASTM D4052 1.11 These are typical values and are not intended for use in preparing specifications.
The CPI-1507 Series compressor lubricants are formulated using a premium polyalkylene glycol (PAG) base fluid combined with a high-performance additive package. They are specifically formulated to give negligible dilution with hydrocarbon gases. These compressor lubricants feature excellent oxidative and thermal stability enabling the use of these lubricants over a wide range of temperatures without varnish or deposit formation. The high viscosity index (VI) and negligible hydrocarbon dilution enables the CPI-1507 Series lubricants to operate over wide ranges of temperature and gas composition with small changes in viscosity compared to other types of lubricants. The CPI-1507 Series fluids are especially advantageous in high temperature and heavy gas stream applications due to their excellent thermal and oxidative stability and negligible hydrocarbon dilution. Applications and Compressor Type Flooded rotary screw compressors Heavy hydrocarbon gas stream applications Centrifugal compressors Liquid ring vacuum pumps Features and Benefits Hydrocarbon insoluble Negligible dilution due to hydrocarbons in operation Excellent lubricity Increased efficiency and reduced cost of operation Oxidatively stable Longer system life High viscosity index Small viscosity changes over wide temperature ranges
