Atibala(Indian Mallow), Packaging Type: Standard Price - Rs 100/ Kilogram Product Specification Packaging Type Standard Dried Yes Minimum Order Quantity 1 Kilogram Product Description Description : Atibala consists of root of Abutilon indicum. It is a hairy herb or under-shrub 1.0-1.5m high. It is an annual or more often perennial with golden yellow flowers, flowering mostly throughout the year found abundantly throughout the hotter parts of India. Details: Sanskrit Name : Kankatika, Risyaprokta Assam Name : Jayavandha, Jayapateri Bengali Name : Badela English Name : Indian Mallow Gujrati Name : Kansaki, Khapat Hindi Name : Kanghi Kannada Name : Shrimudrigida, Mudragida, Turube Malyalam Name : Uram, Katuvan, Urubam, Urabam, Vankuruntott, Oorpam, Tutti Medicinal Uses : Extract of water-soaked dried seeds is used as purgative. Leaves are used as tonic. Roots are taken as infusion in fever. Remedy for arthritis: Atibala has been used as an anti-inflammatory drug for a very long time. These anti-inflammatory properties are highly useful in controlling arthritis and associated pains. Tests on mice have shown that regular administration of extracts of Atibala controlled arthritis better than standard drugs. Additional Information Delivery Time 5 Days Port Of Dispatch Jhansi Production Capacity Any Packaging Details As per client Requirement Payment Terms L/C (Letter of Credit)/T/T (Bank Transfer)
Price - Rs 200/ Kilogram Product Specification Packaging Type Standard Dried Yes Minimum Order Quantity 1 Kilogram Product Description Description : Inula racemosa grows in temperate and western Himalayas at an altitude of 1300 to 4500 meters.The plant is small hardy shrub that grows on an average height of 0.33 to 2 meters and leaves of Inula are 3-6 cm long and 2-3 cm broad and elliptical with long petioles. The plant stem is rough and slight hairy. The fruit is slender, 0.4 cm long and bearing small hairs. Details: Botnical Name: Inula Racemosa Hindi Name: pohakarmul, puskarmul Kannada Name: rasnabheda Lahaul Name: manurucha Malayalam Name: puskaramulam, puskkaramulam Marathi Name: pushakar Sanskrit Name: kasmira, kusthabheda, padmapatra, pauskara, pauskaram Health Benefit and Uses : Pushkarmoola is an anti fungal, it cures pus formation, swelling and pain. Additional Information Item Code 99 Delivery Time 7-10 Days Port Of Dispatch Any Production Capacity 10 Ton Packaging Details As per client requirement
Brown Arjuna Bark Terminia Arjuna, Packaging Size: Gunny Bag Price - Rs 49/ Kilogram Product Specification Packaging Size gunny bag Color Brown Packaging Type Customized Dried Yes Is It Organic Non Organic Is It Dried Dried Shelf Life 365 Days Purity 100% Grade 1 Part Used bark Country of Origin Made in India Minimum Order Quantity 50 Kilogram Product Description Botanical Name : Terminalia Arjuna Family Name : Combretaceae Common Name Hindi Name: Arjun Bark English Name: Arjuna Herb Arjuna, Arjuna Herb, Arjuna Root Part Used : Bark Habitat : Through out india. Product offered : Bark Medicinal Uses : The bark is astringent, sweet, acrid, cooling, , cardiotonic, urinary astringent, expectorant, alexiteric and is useful in fractures, ulcers, cirrhosis of the lever, hyperhidsis, otalgia and hypertension. A decoction of the bark is used as wash in ulcers. It improves cardiac muscle function and pumping action of the heart. keyword : Arjuna Bark,Arjuna Capsule,ArjunaPowder,Arjuna Backs,Terminalia Arjuna Additional Information Item Code H31 Delivery Time 3-5 Days Port Of Dispatch Jhansi Packaging Details As Per Client Requirement 1
Dry Carica Papaya Leaves, Packaging Type: Bag, Grade: Medicine Grade Price - Rs 150/ Kg Product Specification Color Bag Packaging Type Bag Grade Medicine Grade Speciality No Preservatives, Pesticide Free (for Raw Products) Is It Dried Dried Is It Organic Non Organic Shelf Life 365 Days Use for Health Scientific Name Carica Papaya Used for Health Family Name Carica Papaya Plant Part leaf English Name Carica Papaya Part Used Leaf Minimum Order Quantity 50 Kg Product Description Description : The papaya plant has an erect branchless trunk 5-21 ft tall, and a palmlike head of foliage at the top.The trunk remains somewhat succulent and soft wooded, and never develops true bark. Afrikaans Name :papaja French Name : papayer, melon des tropiques Indonesian Name :pepaya Javanese Name :kat�?�¨s Dutch Name :papaja German Name: Melonenbaum, Papaya, Papayabaum Italian Name :Papaia Urdu Name : Papiitaa, Pappeeta Russian Name :Papaia Additional Information Item Code : HS90 Delivery Time : 5 Days Production Capacity : 100 ton Packaging Details : As per client requirement
Dry Chilbil Seed / Indian Elm for Ayurvedic, Grade Standard: Medicine Grade Price - Rs 100/ Kg Product Specification Usage/Application Ayurvedic Form Dry Grade Standard Medicine Grade Packaging Type Standard Minimum Order Quantity 1 Kg Product Description Description : Indian Elm is a large deciduous tree, gowing up to 15 meter tall. It has grey bark, covered with blisters, peeling in corky scales on old trees. Details : Botanical Name : Holoptelea integrifolia Common Name : Indian Elm, entire-leaved elm tree, jungle cork tree, south Indian elm tree Hindi Name : chilbil, kanju, papri ,Vawla Medicinal Uses : Seed and paste of stem bark is used in treating ringworm. Additional Information Item Code 136 Delivery Time 5-7 Days Port Of Dispatch jhansi Production Capacity 1 ton Packaging Details As Per Client Requirement
Khatmi Seed (Althaea Officinalis), Packaging Size: Gunny Bag Price - Rs 160/ Kg Product Specification Packaging Size : Gunny bag Packaging Type : Bag Grade Standard : seed Is It Dried ; Dried Brand : NT Country of Origin ; Made in India Minimum Order Quantity ; 40 Kg Product Description Description : Althea officinalis, not the white puffy confection roasted over a campfire -- has been used for more than 2,000 years as both a food and a medicine. The Romans, Chinese, Egyptians, and Syrians used marshmallow as a source of food, while the Arabs made poultices from its leaves and applied them to the skin to reduce inflammation. Details: Botanical Name: Althaea Officinalis Arabic Name : Al-ghasool, bazarul khatme, gulkhairo, khitmi Common Name : Marshmallow, Gulkhairo English Name :Althaea, marsh mallow, marshmallow, mortification root, sweetweed Hindi Name :Gul-i-khere, gulkhairo, khaira, khairakajhor, khitmigajhar Marathi Name :Gulkhair, khaira Persian Name : Gul-khairo, gulkhairo, jukhame khatme Sanskrit Name : Khatmi Tamil Name :Cimaittutti, cimaittutticceti, shemaitute, simaitutti Part Used: Root, Leaves, Flowers Medicinal Uses : It is highly useful in dry cough, bronchial asthma, bronchial catarrh and pleurisy. Roots are used to cure excess stomach acid, peptic ulceration, gastritis, colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. Keyword : Sage Herbs,Plant Seed,Herbal Seed,Organic Seed, Additional Information Item Code : 7666 Delivery Time : 5 Days Port Of Dispatch : Anymode Production Capacity : 1 Ton PM Packaging Details : As per Client Requirement
Price - Rs 600/ Kg Product Specification Packaging Type Gunny Bag Packaging Size 50 Kg Is It Dried Dried Brand NT Botanical Name Cassia Absus Part Used Seed Country of Origin Made in India Minimum Order Quantity 50 Kg Product Description Description : This is a suffruiticose, eract herb with a height of about 2 meters, clothed with white pubescence. The eaves are about 5 cms. long, the leaflets areovate-oblong or ovate elliptic. The flowers are pale yellow or tinged red, in terminals and leaf opposed in long racemes. Details : Arabic Name : Tashmeezaj, Shishm Bengali Name : Ban Kulthi English Name : Absus Seeds French Name : Absus Semences German Name : Chichimkassie, Chichonpflanze Gujarati Name : Chimad, Chinola Hindi Name : Chaksu, Bankulthi Kannada Name : Kreed, Nindratach Latin name : Cassia absus Linn. Marathi Name : Chimn, Chinol, Kankuti Part Used :Seed Medicinal Uses : The leaves and the seeds are used for treatment of anemia, asthma and hiccups. The seed extract is used to purify blood and to treat mucous disorders. A decoction of the seeds is used to treat certain eye diseases. Keyword : Cassia Absus Herbal Seed,Plant Seed,Organic Seed Additional Information Item Code 93 Delivery Time 10 Days Port Of Dispatch Anymode Production Capacity 100 Ton Packaging Details As per Client Requirement
Dried Dhaincha Seeds, Packaging Type: Gunny Bag, Packaging Size: 50 Kg Price - Rs 120/ Kg Product Specification Usage/Application Agriculture Brand NT Packaging Size 50 Kg Type Dried Packaging Type Gunny Bag Color natural Shelf Life 365 Dried yes Country of Origin Made in India Minimum Order Quantity 25 Kg Product Description Description : Prickly Sesbania is an erect, somewhat woody, low annual sub shrub, growing up to 7 m tall. Usually it is seen only 2 m tall. Stems are fairly thick, hairless, branched from the base but soft and pithy. Details : Common Name: Prickly Sesban Hindi Name: Dhaincha, Ikad, Dadon, Daden Kannada Name: Dhaincha, Mullu jeenangi Malayalam Name: Kedangu Marathi Name: Bhuiavali, Chinchani, Kansevari, Ran-Shevri Tamil Name: mutcempai, uravi,Cen kitai, Malai murunkai Nepalese Name : Kaande dhaichaa Medicinal Uses : Seeds of Sesbania bispinosa can be used in poultry diets but only cautiously and in limited amounts. Additional Information Item Code 65 Delivery Time 1 Week Port Of Dispatch Jhansi Production Capacity 1 Ton Packaging Details As per client requirement
Price - Rs 194/ Kilogram Product Specification Packaging : Packet Packaging Size : 50g, 100g, 200g Features : Organic Minimum Order Quantity : 1 Kilogram Product Description Description : Nigella sativa is an annual flowering plant, native to south and southwest Asia. It grows to 30 - 40 cm (7.7 - 12 in) tall, with finely divided, linear (but not thread-like) leaves. Detail : Botanical Name : Nigella sativa English Name : Black Seed Hindi Name: Kalonji, Kala Jira Medicinal Uses : Nigella is one of the five spices in Bengali five spices (panch phoron) which give a distinctive taste to pulses and vegetable dishes. It is also used in pilafs, kormas, curries, and pickles. Additional Information Item Code : 138 Delivery Time : 5-7 Days Port Of Dispatch : Jhansi Production Capacity : 10 Ton Packaging Details : As Per Client Requirement
Price - Rs 100/ Kg Product Specification Packaging Type Standard Dried Yes Minimum Order Quantity 1 Kg Product Description We are leading supplier of Neermulli(Hygrophila Auriculata). Details : Botanical Name : Hygrophila auriculataLatin Name: Hygrophila auriculataTamil Name :NeermulliEnglish Name : ong leaved BarleriaSanskri Name : KokilakashaMalayalam Name : NeermulliTelugu Name : Kokila Kshamu
Natural Babool Bark, Packaging Type: Gunny Bag, Packaging Size: 25 kg Price - Rs 150/ Kg Product Specification Packaging Size : 25 kg Packaging Type : gunny bag Color : Natural Other Necessities : Full Sun Exposure Herbal : yes Minimum Order Quantity : 50 Kg Product Description Babul is a popular Indian herb with a number of medicinal uses. Almost all parts of a babul tree come with medicinal properties; these include the leaves, the bark, the gum of babul tree and also the pods. Babul is mostly useful in Diarrheal and teeth disorders. Each and every part of babul tree is useful in medicine. Babul bark is an excellent remedy for eczema, some diseases like Diarrheal, teeth disorders, tonsillitis, Conjunctivitis etc. That is the reason that Babul is a popular Indian herb. Details : Botanical Name:Acacia arabica Willd English Name: babul bark, sant pods Hindi Name: babul, babur, banwal, kikar, boliya, bawal, babool, suliyo, bambul Kannada Name : gobli, karijali Malayalam Name : karuvelam Additional Information Delivery Time ; : 5 Days Production Capacity : 100 ton Packaging Details : As per client requirement
Dried Nelumbo Nucifera Seeds, Packaging Type: Poly Pack, Packaging Size: 20 Kg Price - Rs 120/ Kg Product Specification Brand : NT Usage/Application : Medicinal Packaging Size : 20 Kg Packaging Type : Poly Pack Type : Dried Shelf Life : 365 Country of Origin : Made in India Minimum Order Quantity : 20 Kg Product Description Description : Kamal Gatta / NELUMBO SEEDS are the seeds found in a Lotus flower. This flower is considered quite auspicious as Goddess Laxmi is found seated on this flower. Details : Botanical Name: Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. English Name: Sacred Lotus, Indian Lotus, Chinese Water Lily Hindi Name: Kanwal, Kamal Sanskrit Name: Ambuja, Padma, Pankaja, Kamala Asamiya Name: Podum Bengali Name: Padma Gujarati Name: Suriyakamal Additional Information Item Code : H159 Delivery Time : 3-5 Days Port Of Dispatch : Jhansi Production Capacity : Any Packaging Details : As Per Client Requirement
Guava Leaves Dried, Packaging Type: Standard Price - Rs 120/ Kilogram Product Specification Packaging Type : Standard Dried : Yes Minimum Order Quantity : 1 Kilogram Product Description Description : Guava leaves (Amrood ke Patte) in Hindi have several medicinal properties and offer an array of health benefits. Being packed with antioxidants, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents and beneficial tannins, fresh guava leaves are considered as a natural pain reliever. Gujarati Name :Jamfal Marathi Name : Peru Telgu Name : Perakka French Name : goyave, goyavier Dutch Name : Guyaba, Goeajaaba Surinamese Name : guave, goejaba Portuguese Name : guava, goaibeira Hawaii Name : Kuawa Malaysia Name : guava, jambu batu Italian Name : Guiava, Guiavo, Psidio, Pero dell' Indie Japanese Name : Banjirou, Guaba
Dandasa Walnut Tree Bark, Model Name/Number: 03933, Packaging Size: Gunny Bag Price - Rs 400/ Kg Product Specification Shelf Life 365 Brand NT Packaging Size Gunny Bag Packaging Type Plastic Box Model Name/Number 03933 Form Packed Product Type Dry Fruit Processing Type Gunny Bag Grade Food Minimum Order Quantity 10 Kg Product Description Description : The Juglans Regia has a long history of medicinal use, being used in folk medicine to treat a wide range of complaints. The leaves are alterative, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, astringent and depurative. They are used internally the treatment of constipation, chronic coughs, asthma, diarrhoea, dyspepsia etc. Detail : Botanical Name: Juglans Regia Common Name: Walnut, Persian Walnut, European Walnut, Akhrot Family Name :Juglanduceae SansKrit Name : Shailbhav,Akhsod,Akshot,Karppal BengaliName : Aakrot,Aakot,Aakhrot Marathi Name :Akrad,Akhrod Keyword -> Walnut,Walnut kernels,Juglans Regia,Natural Fruit Additional Information Item Code 129 Delivery Time 7-10 Days Port Of Dispatch Any Production Capacity 10 Ton Packaging Details As Per client Requirement
Product Specification Type ; Natural, Dried Minimum Order Quantity : 1 Kilogram Product Description Description : The papaya plant has an erect branchless trunk 5-21 ft tall, and a palmlike head of foliage at the top.The trunk remains somewhat succulent and soft wooded, and never develops true bark. Botanical Name : Carica papaya Konkani Name : poppayi Sanskrit Name : Erand karkati Portuguese Name :mam £o,papaia,mamoeiro,papaeira Afrikaans Name :papaja French Name : papayer, melon des tropiques Indonesian Name :pepaya Javanese Name :katïs Dutch Name :papaja
Gurmar Leaves (Gymnema Sylvestre Leaves), Packaging Type: Bag, Packaging Size: 40 Kg Price - Rs 120/ Kg Product Specification Packaging Type Bag Packaging Size 40 Kg Is It Dried Dried Binomial Name Gymnema Sylvestre Family Natural Herbs Herb Ratio 5 % Scientific Name Gymnema Sylvestre Type Medicinal Grade Minimum Order Quantity 25 Kg Product Description English name : sugar destroyer, periploca of the the wood botanical name : gymnema sylvestre family name : asclepiadaceae common name : periploca of the woods, gudmar,Gymnema Sylvestre Leaves,Gymnema Sylvestre Extract,Gymnema Sylvestre Seeds part used : whole plant, leave Discription: The Gurmar/Gudmar herb Leaves and root of mesasrngi is used in the form of powder, paste and decoction to treat inflammation of glands, enlargement of spleen, indigestion, constipation, jaundice, piles, sinusitis, cough, respiratory diseases, feeling of heaviness in head, urinary stone, malarial fevers. A vulnerable species is a slow growing, perennial,medicinal woody climber found in central and peninsular India. It is a potent anti diabetic plant and used in folk,ayurvedic and homeopathic systems of medicine. Medicinal Uses : 1. The plant is acrid, anti-inflammatory, anodyne, liver tonic,emetic and diuretic. It is useful in hepatosplenomegaly, dypepsia, constipation, jaundice, halminthiasis, cardiopathy and amenorrhoea. 2. The fresh leaves when chewed have the remarkable property of paralyzing the sense of taste for sweet and bitter substance for some time. 3. It lowers blood sugar level and is good for the treatment both types of diabetes. 4. The herb is useful for stimulating the heart; it increases urine secretion. 5. This plant is also used for controlling obesity in the form of gymnema tea. 6. Powder of the leaves is used in diabetes. Keyword - Gymnema Sylvestre Leaves,Gymnema Sylvestre Extract,Gymnema Sylvestre Seeds, Gymnema Sylvestre Extract Powder,Herb leaves, diabetic Herbs,Natural Herbal Extract Additional Information Item Code H12 Delivery Time 3-5 Days Port Of Dispatch Jhansi Production Capacity Any Packaging Details As Per Client Requierment Payment Terms L/C (Letter of Credit)/T/T (Bank Transfer)/D/A
Dried Bael Fruit, Packaging Size: 50 Kg, Packaging Type: Gunny Bag Price - Rs 80/ Kg Product Specification Packaging Type Gunny Bag Variety Available Fruit Quality Available A Grade Packaging Size 50 Kg Is It Imported Non Imported Is It Organic Organic Botanical Name Aegle Marmelos Minimum Order Quantity 50 Kg Product Description English Name: Apple Wood Botanical Name: Aegle Marmelos,Aegle Marmelos Extract Family Name : Rutaceae Common Name : Bael, Quince, Apple Wood, Holy Fruit Tree,Bael powder Part Used : Bark,fruit Pulp, Leaves. Habitat : Found all over decidious forests in india. Product offered : Fruits, Leaves, Bark, Fruit pulp Description: Aegle Marmelos commonly known as Bael, bhel, bilwa, belaphal, Bengal Quince.Bael is a very good source of protein.Bael leaves, fruits and root can be used as tonic and coolant with propertiesUses: Fresh half-ripe Bael fruit is mildly astringent and is used for dysentery and diarrhea.Bael leaves are extremely useful for treating Diabetes, jaundice, cholera and asthma. Bael fruits are valuable for its rich nutritive, sweet, aromatic mucilage and pectin contents ael Fruits are very useful in chronic diarrhea and dysentery, Uses : It is antiscorbutic, carminative, alternative and nutritive. It is used in constipation, dysentery and diarrhoea. It is aromatic, astringent, cooling, febrifuge and also acts as tonic for heart and brain. Unripe & half-ripe fruits are used to improve appetite and digestion.Leaves are used for treating diabetes, jaundice, cholera, asthma and ophthalmia. Bael Powder, Bael Tree Leaves Additional Information Item Code HG7 Delivery Time 3-5 Days Port Of Dispatch Jhansi Production Capacity 100 Ton Packaging Details As per client requirement
Root Dantimool Herb, Packaging Size: 50 Kg Price - Rs 100/ Kg Product Specification Form Root Packaging Size 50 Kg Packaging Type Guny Bag Is It Dried Dried Botanical Name Baliospermum montanum Country of Origin Made in India Minimum Order Quantity 50 Kg Product Description Description : A perennial and woody under shrub grows up to 1.5 meters in height. Leaves simple, situate-toothed, upper ones small, lower ones are large, flowers are numerous, in axillary recemes with male flowers above and female below. Fruits capsule, 12 mm long, obovoid, seeds ellipsoid and smooth. Detail : Botanical Name : Baliospermum montanum Family : Euphorbiaceae Common Name : Danti, Dantika, Rachani, Vishodhini, Lowly marketing nut Hindi Name : Dandi , danti, hakum, hakun, dante, dantt, jangli jamalghota Malayalam Name : Nagadandi Kannada Name : danti, kaduharalu, dantika, Malayalam Name : danti, dantika, katalavanakku Marathi Name : danti, buktumbo Oriya Name : dumajoda Uses: 1.The paste of Danti roots and seeds is used in edema and pain. 2.Danti root paste is applied on painful edema and hemorrhoids. Additional Information Item Code 109 Delivery Time 5 Days Port Of Dispatch Any Production Capacity Any Packaging Details As per client Requirement
100 % Solid Boswellia Serrata, For Clinical, Packaging Size: 25 Kg Price - Rs 350/ Kg Product Specification Packaging Size : 25 Kg Purity : 100 % Usage/Application : Clinical Form : Solid Packaging Type : As per Client Requirement Is It Organic : Not Organic Is It Dried : Dried Brand : NEERAJ Country of Origin : Made in India Minimum Order Quantity ; 50 Kg Product Description Common name : Kunduru, Salai,Kundru,Frankincense Scientific Name : Boswellia Serrata,Boswellia Serrata Extract German Name : Afrikanischer Weihrauch,Weihrauchbaum Italian Name : albero dell'incenso,olibano Spanish Name : rbol del incienso,oleogum resins French Name :arbre encens, arbre encens d'Afrique We are offering pure and processed Boswellia serrata or commonly known as Indian frankincense or Salai. It is found in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh in India. Its aroma is generally considered to be far inferior compared to Boswellia sacra or Boswellia frereana. Boswellia serrata is used in the manufacture of the supposed anti-wrinkle agent "Boswelox". Boswellia is the gummy resin of the boswellia tree. It is native to India and used for centuries by Ayurvedic doctors. It is an Ayurvedic plant that contains anti-inflammatory terpenoids called boswellic acids. Herb description Boswellia Serrata is a medium sized tree With ash coloured papery bark. The leaves are like neem plant and have small white flowers. Keyword : Salai Guggal,Boswellia Serrata,Boswellia Serrata Extract,Gum Olibanum,Herbal Dhoop,Dhoop for Worshop,Salai gum,Natural Gum,Gum Resin,Guggal Dhoop,Frankincense supplier from india Additional Information Item Code : 169 Delivery Time : 3-5 Days Port Of Dispatch : Jhansi Packaging Details : As Per Client Requirement Payment Terms : L/C (Letter of Credit)/T/T (Bank Transfer)
Price - Rs 100/ Kg Product Specification Packaging Size : 50 Kg Is It Dried : Dried Purity : Natural Country of Origin : Made in India Minimum Order Quantity : 50 Kg Product Description Description : The fast-growing Orchid-Tree will ultimately reach 35 feet in height and width, the slender trunks topped with arching branches clothed in large, two-lobed, deciduous leaves. In fall, before the leaves drop, Orchid-Tree is festooned with many showy and delightfully fragrant, five-inch-wide blossoms, the narrow purple, pink, and lavender petals arranged to closely resemble an orchid. Details : Botanical Name : Bauhinia Variegata English Name : Orchid Tree,Orchids Assamese Name : kotora, kurol Bengali Name : raktakanchan Dogri Name : kaliyar, kanchnar, karaid, katraid Garo Name : darichiksam, migong Hindi Name : barial, dhak, goriyal, gurial, gwiar, kachnar, kancanar Kannada Name : arishina thaega, arisinantige, arjuna, arsantega, ayata Khasi Name : dieng long, dieng tharlong Malayalam Name : chommandara, chovanna-mandaru, chovannamandaree Uses : Kanchanar helps in wound cleaning and healing, it cures skin disorders and inflammations. Decoction is used for washing wounds and skin disorders. Additional Information Item Code : 102 Delivery Time : 10-15 Days Port Of Dispatch : Any Production Capacity : 10 Ton Packaging Details : As Per Client Requirement