The Franz diffusion cell apparatus is a laboratory instrument used in pharmaceutical research to study the release of drugs or active ingredients from topical formulations, such as creams, gels, ointments, or transdermal patches, across biological membranes. Here's how it's used: In Vitro Drug Release Studies: The Franz diffusion cell apparatus is primarily employed for conducting in vitro drug release studies. It consists of two compartments separated by a biological membrane (usually animal or human skin), with the test formulation applied to one side (donor compartment) and a suitable receptor medium (often a buffer solution) in the other side (receptor compartment). Membrane Permeation Studies: The apparatus allows researchers to investigate the permeation of drugs or active ingredients through biological membranes, mimicking the conditions encountered in vivo. By monitoring the concentration of the drug in the receptor medium over time, researchers can quantify the rate and extent of drug permeation across the membrane. Formulation Optimization: Pharmaceutical scientists use the Franz diffusion cell apparatus to evaluate the performance of different topical formulations and optimize their composition for enhanced drug delivery. Factors such as the type of excipients, formulation viscosity, drug concentration, and pH can be varied to assess their impact on drug permeation and skin penetration. Transdermal Patch Evaluation: For transdermal drug delivery systems, such as patches, the Franz diffusion cell apparatus is instrumental in assessing the release kinetics and permeation characteristics of drugs through the skin. This information is crucial for designing patches with optimal drug delivery profiles and ensuring therapeutic efficacy. Skin Penetration Studies: In addition to drug release, the Franz diffusion cell apparatus can be used to investigate the penetration of drugs or active ingredients into different layers of the skin. By analyzing samples collected from various depths within the skin, researchers can assess the distribution and localization of the drug following topical application. Bioequivalence Studies: The Franz diffusion cell apparatus is also utilized in bioequivalence studies to compare the performance of generic and reference topical formulations. By measuring the rate and extent of drug release and permeation, researchers can determine whether the generic formulation is therapeutically equivalent to the reference product.
In pyrogen testing on rabbits, a telethermometer plays a crucial role in monitoring body temperature changes. Here's how it's used: Temperature Measurement: Pyrogen testing involves the administration of a test substance (e.g., potential pharmaceutical products or medical devices) to the rabbit, followed by monitoring for signs of fever (pyrexia). A telethermometer is used to continuously measure the rabbit's body temperature before and after the administration of the test substance. Baseline Measurement: Before conducting the test, baseline body temperature readings are taken to establish a reference point. This helps in identifying any deviations from the normal temperature range during the test period. Detection of Pyrogenic Response: Following the administration of the test substance, the rabbit's body temperature is monitored closely using the telethermometer. An increase in body temperature above a predefined threshold indicates a pyrogenic response, suggesting the presence of fever-inducing substances (pyrogens) in the test substance. Real-time Monitoring: A telethermometer allows for real-time monitoring of body temperature changes, providing researchers with immediate feedback on the rabbit's physiological response to the test substance. This enables prompt decision-making regarding the continuation or termination of the test based on the observed pyrogenic response. Data Recording and Analysis: Telethermometers often come with data recording capabilities, allowing researchers to log temperature measurements at regular intervals throughout the testing period. This data can be analyzed to assess the onset, duration, and magnitude of the pyrogenic response, aiding in the interpretation of test results. Animal Welfare: Continuous temperature monitoring with a telethermometer helps ensure the welfare of the test animals by enabling early detection of fever and prompt intervention if necessary. This minimizes potential discomfort or distress experienced by the animals during the testing process. Overall, the use of a telethermometer in pyrogen testing on rabbits enhances the accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of the testing procedure, ultimately contributing to the safety evaluation of pharmaceutical products and medical devices intended for human use.
Handheld XRF Thermoniton Xl2 100g Pmi Machine.
Major technical parameters: Hydrogen gas flow rate: 0-500 ml/min Hydrogen purity: 99.999%-99.9999% Hydrogen output pressure: 0-4 Bar 0-7 bar Technology: PEM Warranty: 12 months Applications: GC, GC-FID
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Place of Origin: China Classification: Laboratory Centrifuge Brand Name:OEM Model Number: V-GTM12 Max. Speed: 12000rpm Max. RCF:15800xg Max. Capacity:24pcs Capillary*75mm Time Range: 0~99min59s RPM/RCF Convert:Yes Noise (dB)â?¤ 55 Temperature Normal Acc/Dec:10 Kinds Speed Accuracy: �±20r/min Voltage(V/Hz):AC 220V/110V 50HZ/60HZ High speed micro 24capillary hematocrit blood separation lab centrifuge Micro Hematocrit Centrifuge 1.Frame is 3 tiers protection steel jacket, and with the stainless steel chamber, inside protective steel lagging which is simple-compact,light-weight and low noise. 2.Adopt advanced CPU control system realizing microprocessor control, it can control rotate speed, and relative RCF, LCD display which indicates the current speed, time and RCF. 3. Brushless inverter motor with simpler construction,more reliable performance,longer life and quietly running. 4.With many kinds of rotor for your choice. 5.Over speed and imbalance protection, the centrifuge will stop automatically when the above situation happened, with short spin function. 6.Emergency locks under the bottom of the centrifuge which help you open the lid when power off. 7. It is consistent with CE security certification and ISO9001 quality certification. Company Profile
DT4C Technical Parameters: Max speed:4000rpm Max RCF:1880xg Max volume:8x15ml Noise:â?¤45dBA Timer:0~99min Net weight:6KG Dimension(HxDxW):275�?350�?270mm Power supply:AC 110v/220V 50/60HZ 2A Speed accuracy:�±20rpm Package:carton box Rotors for DT4C: Order No. Rotor No. Max Speed (rpm) Max Volume (ml) Max RCF(g) NO31701 Angle Rotor 4000 8�?15ml 1800xg NO31702 Angle Rotor 4000 6�?15ml 1880xg NO31703 Angle Rotor 4000 12�?10ml 1845xg NO31602 Angle Rotor 4000, 12�?5/7ml 1540xg NO32666 Angle Rotor 4000 8x10ml vacuum tube 1800xg 8x5ml vacuum tube adapter 1800 8x7ml vacuum tube adapter 1800
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strain preservation tube assists microbiologists preserve bacterial strain at low-temperature, which is conveniently preserve quality control or test strains. Bacterial including all kinds of aerobes, anaerobes, gram positive, gram negative and yeast. The preservation tube is leak proof, and can be stored at low temperature and liquid nitrogen. There are five different colors of the tubes which are easy distinction. GermBank provide better bacteria preservation and also cost effective. More information
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