Indian spices cumin seeds, coriander, turmeric, chilli flakes, indian basamati rice, vegetables such as ginger, garlic, onion, potato fruits such as apple, banana, orange, mango, grape spices, herbal products such as henna, senna, stevia leaves & leather goods, leather bag, leather chairs.
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Botanical Name - Cymbopogon citratus Category - Aromatic Form - Fresh/Dry Part Used - Leaves General Information - Cymbopogon is a genus of about 55 species, which are indigenous in tropical and semi-tropical areas of Asia and are cultivated in South and Central America, Africa and other tropical countries. These are tufted perennial C4 grasses with numerous stiff stems arising from a short, rhizomatous rootstock as with citrus flavor, and can be dried and powdered or used fresh. The name Cymbopogon is derived from the Greek words kymbe (boat) and ogon (beard), referring to the flower spike arrangement. Cymbopogon citratus, Stapf (Lemongrass) is commonly used in teas, soups and curries. It is also suitable for poultry, fish and seafood. Phytochemicals - Cymbopogon citratus, Stapf (Lemon grass) is a widely used herb in tropical countries, especially in Southeast Asia. The essential oil of the plant is used in aromatherapy. The compounds identified in Cymbopogon citratus are mainly terpenes, alcohols, ketones, aldehyde and esters. Some of the reported phytoconstituents are essential oils that contain Citral , Citral , Nerol Geraniol, Citronellal, Terpinolene, Geranyl acetate, Myrecene and Terpinol Methylheptenone. The plant also contains reported phytoconstituents such as flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which consist of luteolin, isoorientin 2-O-rhamnoside, quercetin, kaempferol and apiginin.
Botanical Name - Rosa Damascena Category - Aromatic/Medicinal Form - Fresh/Dry Part Used - Petals General Information - Rosa damascena mill L, commonly known as Damask rose. It is one of the most important species of Rosaceae family. Rosaceae are well- known ornamental plants and have been referred to as the king of flowers. At present time, over 200 rose species and more than 18000 cultivars form of the plant have been identified. Apart from the use of R. damascena as ornamental plants in parks, gardens, and houses, they are principally cultivated for using in perfume, medicine and food industry. However, R. damascena is mainly known for its perfuming effects. The rose water were scattered at weddings to ensure a happy marriage and are symbol of love and purity and are also used to aid meditation and prayer. Phytochemicals- Several components were isolated from flowers, petals and hips (seed-pot) of R. damascena including terpenes, glycosides, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. This plant contains carboxylic acid, myrcene, vitamin C, kaempferol and quarcetin. Flowers also contain a bitter principle, tanning matter, fatty oil and organic acids.
Botanical Name - Rosmarinus officinalis Category - Aromatic/Medicinal Form - Fresh/Dry Part Used - Leaves, Flowers, Twings General Information - Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemery-family Lamiaceae) is one of the oldest Mediterranean shrubs with powerful pungent aroma and dark green elongated leaves and white or purple flowers. The rosemary herb was used as a food seasoning and natural medicine for over a million years. The name Rosmarinus derives from the Latin term that translates to â??dew of the sea.â?? Rosemary is a symbol of remembrance, since ancient Greece and Rome. Greeks used the herb to help their memory, to expel negativity by placing the sacred herb under the pillow, and to prevent nightmares. Dioscorides, Theophanus and Conrad Gesner, and ancient healers recognized the beneficial effects of rosemary in dealing with brain, liver, heart, and eye problems. According to legend, when Mary, Joseph, and the baby Jesus were fleeing to Egypt, Mary laid her cloak on a rosemary bush, and since that time, rosemary bush was called the Rose of Mary in honor of the Virgin Mary. Phytochemicals- R. officinalis leaves added to vinegar (marinade) make a great flavoring component in preparation of meat, shellfish, and vegetables. Rosemary plant is rich in vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, and folate, as well as such important minerals like Ca, Mg, iron, phosphorus, potassium, and copper. Carnosic acid and carnosol (rosemary polyphenol) pose chemopreventive, antioxidant, and anticancer activities against prostate, skin, breast, leukemia, lung, urinary bladder, and colon cancers through genes that encode antioxidant phase II enzymes. As anti-inflammatory, carnosol has ability to reduce leukotrienes, inhibit 5-lipoxygenase, antagonize the intracellular Ca2 + mobilization, and inhibit the secretion of leukocyte elastase. Triterpenoid compound ursolic acid has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and even antidepressant effects.
Botanical Name - Aloe barbadensis Category - Medicinal Form - Fresh/Dry Part Used - Leaves General Information - The Aloe vera plant has been known and used for centuries for its health, beauty, medicinal and skin care properties. The name Aloe vera derives from the Arabic word Alloeh meaning shining bitter substance, while vera in Latin means true. 2000 years ago, the Greek scientists regarded Aloe vera as the universal panacea. The Egyptians called Aloe the plant of immortality. Today, the Aloe vera plant has been used for various purposes in dermatology. The botanical name of Aloe vera is Aloe barbadensis miller. It belongs to Asphodelaceae (Liliaceae) family, and is a shrubby or arborescent, perennial, xerophytic, succulent, pea- green color plant. It grows mainly in the dry regions of Africa, Asia, Europe and America. In India, it is found in Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. Phytochemicals- Aloe vera contains 75 potentially active constituents: vitamins, enzymes, minerals, sugars, lignin, saponins, salicylic acids and amino acids. The plant has triangular, fleshy leaves with serrated edges, yellow tubular flowers and fruits that contain numerous seeds. Each leaf is composed of three layers: 1) An inner clear gel that contains 99% water and rest is made of glucomannans, amino acids, lipids, sterols and vitamins. 2) The middle layer of latex which is the bitter yellow sap and contains anthraquinones and glycosides. 3) The outer thick layer of 15 - 20 cells called as rind which has protective function and synthesizes carbohydrates and proteins.
Botanical Name - Glycyrrhiza glabra Category - Medicinal Form - Dry Part Used - Root General Information - Glycyrrhiza is derived from the ancient Greek term glykos, meaning sweet, and rhiza, meaning root. Glycyrrhiza glabra is known as mulaithi in north India. Glycyrrhiza glabra, also known as licorice and sweet wood, is native to the Mediterranean and certain areas of Asia. A number of traditional healers have claimed the efficacy of Glycyrrhiza species for a variety of pathological conditions as a diuretic, choleretic, used as insecticide, and indicated in traditional medicine for coughs, colds, and painful swellings . The roots are unearthed in the autumn of the fourth season. It is grown in India, Spain, Iran, Russia, China and Italy. Phytochemicals - A number of components have been isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra, including a water-soluble, biologically active complex that accounts for 40-50% of total dry material weight. This complex is composed of triterpene, saponin, flavonoids, polysaccharides, pectins, simple sugars, amino acids, mineral salts, asparagines, bitters, essential oil, fat, female hormone estrogen, gums, mucilage (rhizome), protein, resins, starches, sterols, volatile oils, tannins, glycosides, and various other substances. Glycyrrhizin, a triterpenoid compound, accounts for the sweet taste of licorice root. This compound represents a mixture of potassium-calcium-magnesium salts of glycyrrhizic acid that varies within a 2-25% range. Among the natural saponin, glycyrrhizic acid is a molecule composed of a hydrophilic part, two molecules of glucuronic acid, and a hydrophobic fragment, glycyrrhetic acid. The yellow color of licorice is due to the flavonoid content of the plant, which includes liquiritin, isoliquiritin (a chalcone) and other compounds. The isoflavones, glabridin and hispaglabridins A and B have significant antioxidant activity and both glabridin and glabrene possess estrogen-like activity.
Botanical Name - Hibiscus sabdariffa Category - Medicinal Form - Dry Part Used - Flower General Information - Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (roselle) belongs to the family Malvaceae. It exists as herbs or shrubs, often with fibrous stems, (Eno, 2000). The leaves are deeply three- to five-lobed, 8-15 cm long, arranged alternately on the stems. Vernacular names, in addition to roselle, in English-speaking regions are rozelle, sorrel, red sorrel, and Florida cranberry. In North Africa and the Near East Hibiscus sabdariffa is called karkad or carcad. Hibiscus sabdariffa is believed to have originated from India and Malaysia, where it is commonly cultivated, and must have been carried at an early date to Africa. Two main types of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. exist. The more important economically is Hibiscus sabdariffa variety altissima Wester, an erect, sparsely branched annual plant which is cultivated for its jute-like fiber in India, the East Indies, Nigeria and to some extent in tropical America. The other distinct type of roselle, Hibiscus sabdariffa variety sabdariffa. Phytochemicals- Citric and malic acids are the major organic acids in aqueous extracts of the flowers of Hibiscus sabdariffa. Most of the chemical investigations of the flower constituents have been directed towards characterization of their pigments. Isolated an anthocyanin, to which they assigned the structure, cyanidin-3-glucoside this was later changed to delphinidin-pentoside-glucoside. Delphinidin and cyanidin were reported as major constituents of plants grown in Trinidad. Pigment also isolated delphinidin-3-sambubioside (major component), delphinidin-3-monoglucoside and cyanidin-3-monoglucoside
Botanical Name - Lavendula Category - Aromatic Form - Dry Part Used - FLower General Information - "Lavandula (common name lavender) is a genus of 47 known species of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It is native to the Old World and is found in Cape Verde and the Canary Islands, and from Europe across to northern and eastern Africa, the Mediterranean, southwest Asia to southeast India. Many members of the genus are cultivated extensively in temperate climates as ornamental plants for garden and landscape use, for use as culinary herbs, and also commercially for the extraction of essential oils. The most widely cultivated species, Lavandula angustifolia, is often referred to as lavender, and there is a color named for the shade of the flowers of this species. Despite its use over centuries in traditional medicine and cosmetics, there is no high-quality clinical evidence that lavender has any effects on diseases or improves health." Phytochemicals - Some 100 individual phytochemicals have been extracted from lavender oil, including major contents of linalyl acetate (30-55%), linalool (20-35%), tannins (5-10%), and caryophyllene (8%), with lesser amounts of sesquiterpenoids, perillyl alcohols, esters, oxides, ketones, cineole, camphor, beta-ocimene, limonene, caproic acid, and caryophyllene oxide. The relative amounts of these compounds vary considerably among lavender species.
Botanical Name - Rosa Damascena Category - Aromatic/Medicinal Form - Fresh/Dry Part Used - Petals General Information - Rosa damascena mill L, commonly known as Damask rose. It is one of the most important species of Rosaceae family. Rosaceae are well- known ornamental plants and have been referred to as the king of flowers. At present time, over 200 rose species and more than 18000 cultivars form of the plant have been identified. Apart from the use of R. damascena as ornamental plants in parks, gardens, and houses, they are principally cultivated for using in perfume, medicine and food industry. However, R. damascena is mainly known for its perfuming effects. The rose water were scattered at weddings to ensure a happy marriage and are symbol of love and purity and are also used to aid meditation and prayer. Phytochemicals- Several components were isolated from flowers, petals and hips (seed-pot) of R. damascena including terpenes, glycosides, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. This plant contains carboxylic acid, myrcene, vitamin C, kaempferol and quarcetin. Flowers also contain a bitter principle, tanning matter, fatty oil and organic acids.
Botanical Name - Rosmarinus officinalis Category - Aromatic/Medicinal Form - Fresh/Dry Part Used - Leaves, Flowers, Twings General Information - Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemery-family Lamiaceae) is one of the oldest Mediterranean shrubs with powerful pungent aroma and dark green elongated leaves and white or purple flowers. The rosemary herb was used as a food seasoning and natural medicine for over a million years. The name Rosmarinus derives from the Latin term that translates to dew of the sea. Rosemary is a symbol of remembrance, since ancient Greece and Rome. Greeks used the herb to help their memory, to expel negativity by placing the sacred herb under the pillow, and to prevent nightmares. Dioscorides, Theophanus and Conrad Gesner, and ancient healers recognized the beneficial effects of rosemary in dealing with brain, liver, heart, and eye problems. According to legend, when Mary, Joseph, and the baby Jesus were fleeing to Egypt, Mary laid her cloak on a rosemary bush, and since that time, rosemary bush was called the Rose of Mary in honor of the Virgin Mary. Phytochemicals- R. officinalis leaves added to vinegar (marinade) make a great flavoring component in preparation of meat, shellfish, and vegetables. Rosemary plant is rich in vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, and folate, as well as such important minerals like Ca, Mg, iron, phosphorus, potassium, and copper. Carnosic acid and carnosol (rosemary polyphenol) pose chemopreventive, antioxidant, and anticancer activities against prostate, skin, breast, leukemia, lung, urinary bladder, and colon cancers through genes that encode antioxidant phase II enzymes. As anti-inflammatory, carnosol has ability to reduce leukotrienes, inhibit 5-lipoxygenase, antagonize the intracellular Ca2 + mobilization, and inhibit the secretion of leukocyte elastase. Triterpenoid compound ursolic acid has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and even antidepressant effects.
Botanical Name - Stevia rebaudiana Category - Medicinal Form - Dry Part Used - Leaves General Information - The herb plant Stevia rebaudiana, a rhizomatous perennial shrub of the sunflower family Asteraceae (Compositae; tribe Eupatorieae), native to Paraguay and Brazil, produces a host of natural sweet-tasting diterpene compounds as secondary metabolites in its leaves. The leaves have been used by local Guaran� Indian tribes as a natural sweetener and as traditional medicine for centuries. Phytochemicals - Stevia species are members of the family of Asteraceae (qv). Stevia rebaudiana contains steviol glycosides, such as stevioside and rebaudioside A, used as artificial sweeteners and 100- 300 times sweeter than sucrose. Steviol glycosides were approved as food additives in the USA, Australia, and New Zealand in 2008 and in Europe in 2011. Steviol glycosides are permitted in a large variety of foods and beverages over a wide range of maximum permitted levels. Apart from their sweetness, steviol glycosides, in higher doses and regular consumption, have been claimed to display important pharmacological/therapeutic activities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor, diuretic, and gastroprotective (antidiarrheal) activities, and to have immunomodulatory effects and a positive influence on renal function, blood pressure, and blood glucose. They suppress neoplastic growth, improve cell regeneration, and strengthen blood vessels.
Botanical Name - Plantago ovata Category - Spices/Medicinal Form - Dry Part Used - Seeds, Husk General Information - Psyllium, scientifically known as plantago ovata has gained a reputation as a natural medicinal plant. Psyllium is the common name used for several members of the plant genus Plantago and Plantago ovata, Psyllium husk and Ispaghula husk are other generic name for this imperative plant. The genus Plantago has more than 200 species, which is grown all over the world but P. ovata and P. psyllium are produced commercially in several, American, South Asian and European countries as a major seasonal crop due to its seed mucilage, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food grade properties. Phytochemicals - Blond psyllium husk consists of the ground husk of the psyllium seed (Plantago ovata), a mixture of polysaccharides composed of pentoses, hexoses, and uronic acids. Psyllium is a predominantly soluble fiber, and numerous adult clinical studies have evaluated the effect of psyllium in subjects with constipation.
Botanical Name - Artemisia annua Category - Medicinal Form - Dry Part Used - Leaves General Information - Artemisia annua belongs to the plant family of Asteraceae and is an annual short-day plant. Its stem is erect brownish or violet brown. The plant itself is hairless and naturally grows from 30 to 100 cm tall, although in cultivation it is possible for plants to reach a height of 200 cm. The leaves of A. annua have a length of 3 - 5 cm and are divided by deep cuts into two or three small leaflets. The intensive aromatic scent of the leaves is characteristic.[8] The artemisinin content in dried leaves is in between 0% and 1.5%.[9] New hybrids of Artemisia annua developed in Switzerland can reach a leaf artemisinin content of up to 2%.[10] The small flowers have a diameter of 2-2.5 mm and are arranged in loose panicles. Their color is green-yellowish. The seeds are brown achenes with a diameter of only 0.6-0.8 mm. Phytochemicals- "The major active constituent of Artemisia annua, Artemisia apiacea, and Artemisia lancea is artemisinin. Derivatives of this compound include arteether, artemether, artemotil, artenimol, artesunate, and dihydroartemisinin, which, along with artemisin, are currently being used to treat drug-resistant and non-drug resistant malaria. The aerial parts of Artemisia annua contain 0.01-0.8 % of artemisinin per dry weight. Other constituents of Artemisia annua include deoxyartemisinin, artemisinic acid, arteannuin-B, stigmasterol, friedelin, friedelan-3 beta-ol, artemetin, and quercetagetin 3',4'-tetramethyl ether. The essential oil of Artemisia annua aerial parts contains 44% camphor, 16% germacrene D, 11% trans-pinocarveol, 9% beta-selinene, 9% beta-caryophyllene, and 3% artemisia ketone."
Botanical Name - Azadirachta indica Category - Medicinal Form - Dry Part Used - Leaves, Seeds, Bark General Information - Neem (Azadirachta indica), a member of the Meliaceae family, has therapeutics implication in the diseases prevention and treatment. But the exact molecular mechanism in the prevention of pathogenesis is not understood entirely. It is considered that Azadirachta indica shows therapeutic role due to the rich source of antioxidant and other valuable active compounds such as azadirachtin, nimbolinin, nimbin, nimbidin, nimbidol, salannin, and quercetin. Phytochemicals - Leaves contain ingredients such as nimbin, nimbanene, 6-desacetylnimbinene, nimbandiol, nimbolide, ascorbic acid, n-hexacosanol and amino acid, 7-desacetyl-7-benzoylazadiradione, 7-desacetyl-7-benzoylgedunin, 17-hydroxyazadiradione, and nimbiol. Quercetin and -sitosterol, polyphenolic flavonoids, were purified from neem fresh leaves and were known to have antibacterial and antifungal properties and seeds hold valuable constituents including gedunin and azadirachtin.
Botanical Name - Bacopa monnieri Category - Medicinal Form - Dry Part Used - Whole Plant General Information - Bacopa monnieri (BM), a medicinal Ayurvedic herb. BM is traditionally used for various ailments, but is best known as a neural tonic and memory enhancer. Numerous animal and in vitro studies have been conducted, with many evidencing potential medicinal properties. There is also evidence for potential attenuation of dementia, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. Phytochemicals - The main nootropic constituents of BM are believed to be dammarane types of triterpenoid saponins known as bacosides, with jujubogenin or pseudo-jujubogenin moieties as aglycone units. Bacosides comprise a family of 12 known analogs. Novel saponins called bacopasides Iâ??XII have been identified more recently. The alkaloids brahmine, nicotine, and herpestine have been catalogued, along with d-mannitol, apigenin, hersaponin, monnierasides IIII, cucurbitacins and plantainoside B. The constituent most studied has been bacoside A, which was found to be a blend of bacoside A3, bacopacide II, bacopasaponin C, and a jujubogenin isomer of bacosaponin C. These assays have been conducted using whole plant extract, and bacoside concentrations may vary depending upon the part from which they are extracted.
Botanical Name - Beta vulgaris Category - Medicinal Form - Dry Part Used - Tuberous rhizomes General Information - Beta vulgaris (beet) is a plant which is included in the subfamily Betoideae of the family Amaranthaceae. It is the economically most important crop of the large order Caryophyllales.[2] It has several cultivar groups: the sugar beet, of greatest importance to produce table sugar; the root vegetable known as the beetroot or garden beet; the leaf vegetable known as chard or spinach beet; and mangelwurzel, which is a fodder crop. Three subspecies are typically recognised. All cultivars fall into the subspecies Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris. The wild ancestor of the cultivated beets is the sea beet Phytochemicals - Red beetroot (Beta vulgaris), as a naturally occurring root vegetable and a rich source of phytochemicals and bioactive compounds, is known for its beneficial roles in the improvement of several clinical and pathologic outcome. Chronic and acute beetroot juice supplementation, as a cost-effective strategy, is proposed to hold promises in controlling diabetes and insulin hemostasis, blood pressure and vascular function, renal health and the possible effect on microbiome abundance. The secondary outcome and physiological response of microbiome abundance modulation included the non- significant fluctuation of systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Also, some studies have suggested a reno-protective property of beetroot juice that is associated with the reduction of mortality rate and favorable changes in kidneys functional parameters among patients with renal disorders.
Botanical Name - Eclipta alba/Eclipta prostrata Category - Medicinal Form - Dry Part Used - Whole Plant General Information - Eclipta alba (L.) is an annual herbaceous plant, commonly known as false daisy. It is an erect or prostrate, much branched, roughly hairy, annual, rooting at the nodes; the leaves are opposite, sessile and lanceolate. Belonging to family Asteraceae. it is also known as Bhringaraj and Karisilakanni, which is found a common weed throughout India ascending up to 6000 ft. The genus name comes from the Greek word meaning "Deficient," with reference to the absence of the bristles and awns on the fruits. The specific Eclipta alba means white which refers to the color of the flowers. Main active principles consist of coumestans like wedelolactone, desmethylwedelolactone43, furanocoumarins, oleanane & taraxastane glycosides Phytochemicals - Eclipta alba (L.) contains wide range of active principles which includes coumestans, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, polyacetylenes, triterpenoids. The leaves contain stigmasterol, a-terthienylmethanol, wedelolactone, demethylwedelolactone and demethylwedelolactone-7-glucoside. The roots give hentriacontanol and heptacosanol. The roots contain polyacetylene substituted thiophenes.The aerial part is reported to contain a phytosterol, P-amyrin in the n-hexane extract and luteolin-7-glucoside, P-glucoside of phytosterol, a glucoside of a triterpenic acid and wedelolactone in polar solvent extract. The polypeptides isolated from the plant yield cystine, glutamic acid, phenyl alanine, tyrosine and methionine on hydrolysis.
Botanical Name - Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Category - Medicinal Form - Dry Part Used - Flower General Information - Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, the probable origin of the plant was tropical Asia, It was cultivation in China, Japan and the Pacific islands for an equally long time, it was generally thought that it was originated in South China. The plant with deep-red flowers is believed to have an Asian origin, hence the name rosa-sinensis meaning 'rose of China. Now it is widely cultivated. In medicine, the red flowered variety was preferred. Roots and leaves, were anodyne and emmenagogue. They were used to regulate menstruation and stimulate blood circulation. Leaves were also used as abortifacient and to stimulate expulsion of placenta after childbirth. Flower were used for regulation of menstrual cycle, for liver disorders, high blood pressure as antitussive, in stomach pain, for eye problems, as abortifacient and as an aphrodisiac. Young leaves and flowers were used in headache. Decoction of leaves, root and fruits were helpful in treatments of arthritis, boils and coughs. Fruits were employed externally in cases of sprains, wounds and ulcers. The flowers have been reported in the ancient Indian medicinal literature with beneficial effects in heart diseases. They were refrigerant, emollient, demulcent, aphrodisiac and emmenagogue. Petals were used to stimulate thicker hair growth and to prevent premature graying, hair loss and scalp disorders. It considered as a natural emollient hair conditioner and was used in hair washes, treatments and vinegar rinses for the hair. Phytochemicals - Quantitative phytochemical evaluation of the flowers of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis revealed that the amount of flavonoids was 0.171 mg/g, total phenolics 0.092 mg/g, tannins 0.073 mg/g, carbohydrates 0.356 mg/g, protein 0.247 mg/g, thiamine 0.072 mg/g, niacin 0.075 mg/g, ascorbic acid 0.0339 mg/g, riboflavin 0.087 mg/g, calcium 0.0127%, phosphorus 0.4113% and iron 0.771%. The flower extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Red) contained 0.678±0.14% phenols, 0.51±0.16 % alkaloids and 7.5±0.20 % tannins. While , the flower extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (White) contained 0.680±0.11% phenols, 0.50±0.18 % alkaloids and 8.9±0.21 % tannins, and the flower extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Yellow) contained 0.678±0.16% phenols, 0.48±0.16 % alkaloids and 8.5±0.20% tannins.
