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Light Cycle Oil (LCO) is a diesel boiling range product from Fluid Catalytic Cracking Units (FCCUs). FCCU is responsible for the production of petrol, LPG and Light Cycle Oil (LCO). There are various ways of economically upgrading LCO, which include hydrotreating, high pressure hydrocracking for full conversion of LCO into Naphtha and a more optimized partial conversion hydrocracking process. It can be used in susch industries as Agrochemical, Crude Oil, Petrochemicals, Petroleum Products.
Base oils are used to manufacture products including lubricating greases, motor oil and metal processing fluids. Different products require different compositions and properties in the oil. Chemical substances additives are added to the base oil to meet the quality requirements for the end products in terms of, for example, friction and cleaning properties.
ESPO Crude is a high-quality crude with optimal characteristics for various applications in the energy and petrochemical sectors. Its density of 0.8508 kg/L at 15C and an API gravity of 34 position it as a light crude with good refining performance.
With a low sulfur content (0.535%) and low ash content (0.011%), it is an attractive option for reducing harmful emissions during use. Additionally, it has a kinematic viscosity of 6.949 CST at 20C, facilitating handling in refineries and other industrial processes.
The crude also features a low pour point (-36C), making it suitable for use in cold weather conditions, and a low water content (0.35%), improving the quality of the final product. The metal content, such as nickel (4 ppm) and iron (19 ppm), is within standard ranges, contributing to its stability in the refining process.
This crude is recognized for its high stability and low impurity content, making it a reliable and efficient option for refineries.
Base oil is a type of oil which is used as a base for lubricants. The main element of lubricants (volume wise) is base oil and it forms about 95% of lubricants weight. In some lubricants (Compressor and hydraulic oil) 99% of the oil is consisted of base oil and only the 1% which is left contains additives. Base oils can be reached from oil based and non-oil based resources. Most of the base oils used in the world are obtained from crude oil refining. Most of the compounds which form base oils are Paraphinic, Naphthenic and aromatic compounds.
Base oils chemical properties and their impact on the usage of final lubricant:
1 volatility: reduction of the oil, oil thickening, sediments
2 surface activity: foaming, pressure tolerance, air release, emulsion expansion
3 oxidations: sediments, oil thickening, metal oxidation, mud forming
4 Viscosity: Fluidity in lower degrees, energy waste, abrasion protection, proper cooling
5 being soluble: Motor neatness, sealant compatibility, process applications, formulation sustainability The base oil which is extracted from crude oil is called mineral base oil which is categorized in two types (Paraphinic and Naphtshic). Paraphinic oils are consisted of normal hydrocarbons and Iso hydrocarbons. Naphthic oils are consisted of annular full hydrocarbons. Paraphinic oils have certain attributes in comparison with naphthic oils such as;
Light Cycle Oil (LCO) is a secondary liquid product derived from the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process in refineries. This process breaks down larger hydrocarbon molecules from heavy gas oils into smaller, more valuable products like gasoline and diesel. LCO typically sits between diesel and heavy gas oil in terms of boiling range and weight.
Primary Characteristics:
Appearance: Typically amber to dark brown liquid.
Odor: Characteristic petroleum smell.
Density: Intermediate, falling between lighter distillates and heavier oils.
Sulfur Content: Can vary based on the feedstock and refining process, but often higher than diesel and gasoline.
Applications:
Blending Component: Frequently blended into diesel fuel to enhance volume, though this requires treating to meet emissions standards.
