Brazilian Brown Sugar ICUMSA 45
SPECIFICATION: Brazilian Sugar ICUMSA 45
colour of the solution: 45 icumsa units max
radiation: within internationally accepted limits
moisture content: 0.06% max
invert sugar content: 0.04% max
conductivity ash: 0.04% max
sulphur dioxide: 15 mg/kg max
anti-caking agents: maximum level of 1.5 m/m singly or combination of following agents:
-calcium phosphate, tribasic
â?? magnesium carbonate
â?? silicon dioxide, amorphous (dehydrated silica gel)
â?? calcium silicate
â?? magnesium trisilicate
â?? sodium aluminosilicate
â?? calcium aluminosilicate
polarization: 99.7% min
moisture content: 0.06% max
invert sugar content: 0.04% max
conductivity ash: 0.04% max
total bacteria: 60 max
e. coli: 30 max
Urea, a nitrogen-rich compound with the chemical formula CO(NH), plays a significant role in the oil and gas industry, Urea, also known as carbamide, is a highly soluble organic compound. It is synthesized on a large scale from ammonia and carbon dioxide and is primarily used in fertilizers, which accounts for about 90% of its global production.
Chemical Properties
Molecular Formula: CO(NH)
Molar Mass: 60.06 g/mol
Appearance: White, crystalline solid
Melting Point: 133C (271F)
Solubility: Highly soluble in water, forming a neutral solution
Industrial Production
The production of urea typically involves the following steps:
Ammonia Production: Sourced primarily from natural gas (methane) through the Haber-Bosch process.
Reaction with Carbon Dioxide: Ammonia reacts with carbon dioxide to produce ammonium carbamate, which is then dehydrated to form urea and water:2 3 2+ 2NH 3 +CO 2 NH 2 CONH 2 +H 2 O
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF): Urea is used to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from diesel engines. DEF, a mixture of 32.5% urea and 67.5% deionized water, is injected into the exhaust stream of diesel engines.
Oil Drilling Fluids: Urea can be used in drilling mud formulations to enhance the efficiency of the drilling process.
Chemical Manufacturing: Urea serves as a feedstock in the production of various chemicals such as melamine and urea-formaldehyde resins.
Desulfurization: It is used in processes to remove sulfur compounds from petroleum products.
Market Dynamics
Demand: The demand for urea is largely driven by its use in agriculture. However, industrial uses, including those related to the oil and gas sector, contribute significantly to its market.
Pricing: Urea prices are influenced by the cost of natural gas, the primary raw material, and global agricultural demand cycles and NEGOTIABLE
Environmental Impact: While urea itself is not hazardous, its overuse in agriculture can lead to environmental issues such as eutrophication.
Handling and Storage: Urea should be stored in a cool, dry place away from moisture, as it is highly hygroscopic. It is considered non-toxic, but proper safety measures should be followed to avoid dust inhalation or skin contact.
Logistics: Efficient transportation and storage solutions are vital to maintain urea quality and manage costs.
Regulations: Compliance with international and local regulations regarding chemical handling, safety, and environmental impact is crucial.
Market Opportunities: Identifying and targeting markets with growing industrial and agricultural demand for urea can enhance profitability.
Origin: Russia/ Kazakhstan.
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ESPO (Eastern Siberia-Pacific Ocean) oil is a premium blend of crude oil primarily exported from Russia. This light, sweet crude has gained significant traction in the global market.
ESPO oil is extracted from fields in Eastern Siberia and transported via the Eastern Siberia-Pacific Ocean pipeline.
Pipeline: The ESPO pipeline, stretching from Taishet in Irkutsk Oblast to the Pacific port of Kozmino, facilitates the transportation of this crude.
ESPO crude has an API gravity typically around 34-35 degrees, classifying it as a light crude oil.
It has a low sulfur content, usually between 0.5% and 0.6%, making it a sweet crude. This low sulfur content is advantageous for refining into high-quality fuels with lower environmental impact.
ESPO oil is known for its low metal and salt content, further enhancing its desirability for refineries seeking to produce cleaner fuels.
ESPO crude often commands a premium price compared to other Russian crude grades like Urals, due to its superior quality and favorable location. Pricing for ESPO oil is typically benchmarked against Dubai/Oman crude prices.
Espo has low sulfur content in ESPO oil translates to lower sulfur dioxide emissions when refined, contributing to reduced environmental impact compared to higher sulfur crude oils.
Price: FOB $68/$64 CIF $65/$61
Availability: In Stock
Origin: Russia / Kazakhstan.
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