To serve our international clients from USA, Canada, Europe, Australia, Mexico, Argentina, china we are providing our clients premium quality Guar Gum Powder Dust that is used in Agarbatti, Incense sticks, Mosquito coil, for the This powder dust is organically cultivated using. The Guar Gum Powder Dust is available in various packaging options as per the specific needs of the clients
Our exclusive rang of Textile Printing Guar Gum are manufactured using high-grade raw material. Moreover, we use latest quality checking tests in every stage of production to offer a perfect range of products to the huge range of clients. We are assisted by a team of experts which is constantly engaged in the innovation of new techniques to offer better quality products to the customers. These products are widely famous for its easy usability, quality, high-grade packaging and international standard.
Guar gum Guar gum powder 100 mesh to 300 mesh 2500 cps to 7000 cps
Shubhlaxmi Industries is a manufacturer/processor and exporter of supreme quality of Moringa seeds, Moringa Powder & its oil. Moringa seed is an important part of Moringa tree, because it contain large amount of protein and iron in it. Moringa seed is present inside the Moringa Pods. Moringa seed is like round shaped. From one Moringa pods we can get more than 5 number of seeds. We Process and supply multi grade/variety like pkm-1 moringa cultivation seeds, pkm-2 cultivation seeds, km-1 seeds, moringa traditional seeds, moringa oil seeds, moringa medicinal seeds, moringa pharma grade seeds. Its botanical name is Moringa oleifera, its only genus in the plant family Moringacae. Its widely harvesting southwestern India.,Each & Every part of this plant is used in variety of applications including Food, personal & health care, agriculture,dye, water purification and many more. Its significant & high valued source of vitamin-B, vitamin-C, & provitamin-A as beta-carotene, vitamin-k, proteins & other essential nutrients. Its greenish leaf cooked & used as we use Spinach in Various Delicious Dishes, & also used in soups & sauces by crushing in powder. Its Immature seeds pods, also called Drumsticks, which used in south asian dishes by parboiling & cooked in curry. Its seeds mostly consumed like roasted peanuts, peas & nuts, which consists high level of vitamin-C & vitamin-B. Its also yield oil around 40%, used as edible oil, called Ben oil, because of its higher concentration of behenic acid. Its refined oil is much clear & odorless. As medicinal value of moringa oleifera had been suggested by traditional medicine, further clinical testing is required to explore more benefits. Characteristics of pkm -1 SEED variety Seed propagated Medium, dwarf stature Pods are 60-70 cm long with 6.3 cm girth weighing 120g Bears 220-250 fruit per tree The estimated yield is 50-54tonnes/ha Suitable for ratoon crop Low incidence of insect pest and disease Suitable for varied soil types (freely drained)in tropical plains Specification Moringa Seeds/leaf/powder Hs Code : 12119099 Specification/ Variety Pkm-1 Seeds Leaf T Cut Leaf Powder Oil Moisture : 8-10% Max 7-10% Max 10% Max 0.20% Total Ash Value : 14% 15% Max 12% Max 0.01% Purity Level : 98-99% 98-99% 98-99% 100% Foreign Material : 1% Max 1% Max Absent Absent Apperance : Browinsh Green Emrald Green Yellowish Salmonella In 25g Absent Absent Absent : Na E-coli Cfu/g : Absent Absent : 20 Max Na Quality Assurance : Sgs,geo-chem, Spice Board Moq 1ton Packing : 10/25/35/50 Kg, Pp Bag/jute Bag/cartoon Origin ; Tamil Nadu
Shubhlaxmi Industry is the manufacturer and exporter of premium quality of cumin seeds to India and across the world. We deliver high quality cumin seeds to our customers and we never compromise for the same. We are the pioneer exporter of cumin seeds globally and we believe in achieving customer satisfaction through our constant efforts to keep up the quality. We bring you totally safe and nutrient rich, naturally harvested cumin seeds that are best for your use. Cuminum cyminum is the botanical name of Cumin seeds. They belong to the family Apiaceae. They are dried, white fruits having graying yellow color and look slender. It is a flowering herb. The seed looks like fruit that is elongated with warm flavor and bitter to taste. Cumin seeds are commonly known as Jeera. It is a condiment that is generally used in making curry powder. It is a basic and key ingredient for tempering Indian food dishes. Cumin seeds are grounded to make buttermilk powder too. A cumin seed affects your overall health as they have many health benefits. They are good for digestion, they boost immunity. They are good for skin. They work well against acidity. It is a rich source of Iron and Manganese. Specification HS Code : 09093129 Type : Singapore Standard & Europe Standard Quality : 97%/98%/99%/99.5% & Sortex Clean Color : Brownish Moisture : 10% Max Admixture : 1-2%,max Flavour aromatic With A Penerating Flavour Total Ash : 9-10% Max Acid Insoluble Ash : .75% Salmonella absent/25gms Origin : Gujarat,rajasthan,uttarpradesh Packing : 5/15/25/50 Kg Net Pp Bag/ Jute Bag/ Cartoon Quality Assurance : Sgs,geo-chem, Bureau Veritas Loading Capacity : 13mt In 20'fcl & 26mt In 40'fcl
Shubhlaxmi Industries is a manufacturer and exporter of top grade Bay Leaves. They are sold as dried whole leaf. We have a selection of quality Bay leaves packed under hygienic condition. The aroma of Bay leaves spread upon opening the pack and satiates the end user. The botanical name of Bay leaf is Laurus nobilis and it belongs to Lauraceae Family. They are elliptical in shape with one end pointed. The upper surface is olive green in color and has a shine. The lower surface is dull olive to brown in color. It has soft aroma and they are bitter in taste. Bay leaves are native to Mediterranean region and grow in Europe and California. Bay leaves are commonly known as Tej Patta in India. Bay leaves in Indian cuisines are mostly used in tempering. They are mainly used for adding flavor and aroma to pulao or curry. Crushed Bay leaves are used in making Biryani Masala. They impart even more delicate aroma to delicacies. Bay leaves are often used in flavoring soups and stews in Mediterranean cuisines. Bay leaves have some medical properties. They are useful in treating high blood sugar, migraine and headache, bacterial and fungal infection. They have anti inflammatory and anti oxidant properties. Specification HS Code ; 09109990 Color : Greenish,greenish Yellow Type : 98%/99% Machine Clean & Sortex Shape : Eliptical Moisture : 13% Max Length : 2.5-7.5cm Width : 1.6-2.5cm Volatile Oil : 1.5%max Ash : 4% Max Acid Insoluble Ash : 0.8%max Origin : Arunachalpradesh/sikkim Packing : 5/10/25/50 Kg Net Pp. & Brand Packing Quality Assurance : Geo-chem Loading Capacity : 7mt In 20'fcl
Shubhlaxmi Industries is a manufacturer and exporter of Quinoa seeds to across the world. These seeds are very nutritive and we have been successful in keeping its nutrition intact. In today's world it is known as Super Food. The botanical name of Quinoa Seeds is Chenopodium quinoa and it belongs to Amaranthaceae Family. These are tiny seeds and mostly white to red or black in color. They are origins of Peru and Bolivia, India. The herbaceous plant is cultivated for its use of seeds. They are pronounced as 'keen waah'. They have their own rich taste. Quinoa seeds can be added in vegetable salad to make healthier. It can be an option for rice which is healthy and high calorie free. They are used as a stuffing in some of the veg and non veg recipes. Quinoa seeds are innovatively used for making cookies and pancakes. They can be dry roasted to make health snack bars. Quinoa seeds are very healthy. They are packed with protein, fiber and essesntial amino acids. They contain rich anti oxidants in them. They are gluten free and super rich in fiber content. It has low Glycemic Index which means it controls blood sugar. Use of the seeds make us healthier. Specification HS Code 10085000 Purity Levels : 99/1 Sortex Color : Cream White Moisture ; 8% Max Ash : 4.5%max Contrast Gains : 2%max E-coli : Absent Aflatoxin (b1+b2+g1+g2) as Per Eu Standards Salmonella : Absent/25gms Packing : 5/10/25/50 Kg Net Pp. & Brand Packing Quality Assurance : Sgs, Geo-chem Loading Capacity : 20mt In 20'fcl
Shubhlaxmi Industry is a manufacturer/processorer and exporter of supreme quality of Green Millet Bajra. The finest millet barja delivered are fresh, odorless and suitable for use directly. Our hygienically packed Bajra grains are free from dirt,stones & weevils. They are cleaned and assorted well before packing. The botanical name of Green Millet Bajra is Pennisetum glaucam and it belongs to Poaceae Family., its also called Pearl Millet which is very popular for consumption in most of African Countries. They are tiny, small and brownish green grains. Since ancient times, green millet is a staple diet of Indians. Green Millet is native to Rajasthan in India. Its have distinctive taste and flavor which delivers best nutrition. These little grains are packed with amazing health benefits: Rich source of protein and fiber. It is free of gluten. It is a healthy option for those who are allergic to gluten. It is good for diabetics. It helps in lowering cholesterol. It can ease constipation. Specification HS Code : 010082920 Color : Greenish Yellow Type : 98%/99% Machine Clean & Sortex Size : Medium & Bold Moisture : 14% Max Processing & Form : Dried & Kernel Discolor/damage : 0.5%max Damaged : 2% Max Aflatoxin : 10-20 Ppb Max Insect Damaged : 2% Max Foreign Matters ; 2% Max Origin : Gujarat/rajasthan/uttarpradesh Packing ; 5/10/25/50 Kg Net Pp. & Brand Packing Quality Assurance : Geo-chem Loading Capacity : 24mt In 20'fcl
Shubhlaxmi industry is a manufacturer/processor and exporter of Black Mustard Seeds. The seeds are packed with its richness and goodness for you to open it up. We bring you the supreme quality of seeds that satiates the end user. The botanical name of black mustard seeds is Brassica nigra and it belongs to the family Brassicaceae. They are small, round, black or dark brown in color. They are native to Middle East but as of now, they are cultivated widely in India. They are commonly known Sarson. Black mustard seeds are mostly used in tempering food. The seeds are added to warm cooking oil which then pops up to add rich flavor and aroma. Mustard sauce is commonly used these days as salad dressing. Black mustard seeds can be roasted to make it into powder to add to pickles. They seeds are bitter in taste; hence when powdered, it should be carefully used. Mustard seeds help in increasing appetite. They can neutralize toxins. They are a good source of minerals and Omega-3 fatty acids. Specification HS Code : 09109914 Grade : Machine Cleaned & Sortex Cleaned Purity : 98%/99%/99.50% Bold & Small Moisture : 7 To 8% Max Total Ash : 6-8% Max Salmonella : Absent/25gms Packing : 5/10/25/50 Kg Net Pp. & Brand Packing Quality Assurance : Sgs,geo-chem Loading Capacity : 24mt In 20'fcl & 26mt In 40'fcl
Shubhlaxmi industry is the manufacturer/processor and exporter of rich quality of Black Sesame Seeds. They are globally well known for its traditionally selected nutrient rich black sesame seeds. The botanical name of Black Sesame Seeds is Sesamum indicum and it belongs to family Pedaliaceae. They are spherical in shape and black in color. They are nutty in taste. Black Sesame seeds are having high amount of oils content in them. They are loaded with nutrients. They have higher level of anti oxidants comparatively. Black sesame seeds are mainly used in extracting oil which has many health benefits. They are used as sprinklers on vegetables, noodles or for garnishing starters. The powder of black sesame seeds has strong flavor and taste. Black sesame seeds can be roasted to be eaten as it is or its oil can be used to cure many diseases. Specification HS Code : 012074090 Purity Levels : 99/1 Sortex, Z Black Sortex Moisture : 4-6% Max Oil Content : 48% Min Admixture : 1%/0.03%/0.02% Ffa : 1-2% Max Color : Black Seeds Aflatoxin : (b1+b2+g1+g2) bellow 4ppb Salmonella : Absent/25gms Packing : 5/10/25/50 Kg Net Pp. & Brand Packing Quality Assurance : Sgs, Geo-chem Loading Capacity : 19mt In 20'fcl
Shubhlaxmi industry is heading a way as a manufacturer and exporter of Black Cumin Seeds. As the health benefits are known to world better, we provide globally the ultimate quality of Black cumin seeds. The botanical name of Black Cumin Seeds also known as Kalonji is Nigella sativa and it belongs to the family Ranunculaceae. They are black in color and they can be easily mistaken to be as Black Sesame Seeds. They are native to South West Asia. The oil extract is believed to be a nutritive application for hair. They are slightly aromatic and have peppery flavor. It is believed that black seeds are good for health. They are energy booster and overcome fatigues. The oil extract is good for hair growth. Specification HS Code : 09093119 Grade : Machine Cleaned & Sortex Cleaned Purity : 98%/99%/99.50% Moisture : 6 To 7% Max Total Ash : 8% Max Pesticide Residue under Eu Regulation Aflatoxin (b1+b2+g1+ Below 5ppb Salmonella : Absent/25gms Packing ; 5/10/25/50 Kg Net Pp. & Brand Packing Quality Assurance ; Sgs,geo-chem Loading Capacity : 16mt In 20'fcl & 26mt In 40'fcl
Shubhlaxmi Industries have adapted the best methods in the manufacturing blended red chilli powder. The packet of goodness reaches not only India but across the world. India own harvesting product; Red Chilli powder is packed keeping its purity and richness intact. Red Chilli powder is commonly known as "lal mirch powder" and it is one of the key ingredients in the preparation of Indian cuisines. It is one of the main members of spice catalogue because Indians dishes are said to be incomplete without the flavor of Red chilli powder. The authentic Indian cuisines are incomplete without the touch of Red Chilli Powder in them. When you have one of the finest handpicked and selected whole chillies that are grounded with traditional methods and modern techniques, it will just come as one of the most aromatic, pungent smelling and really HOT blended Red Chilli Powder. Red Chilli powder is a dominating amongst many Indian spices. If the food is tempered with red chillies powder, its aroma can spread far off. It gives an appealing red color to delicacies with mouthwatering flavor and irresistible aroma. Specification Dried Red Chili Powder variety Hs Code : 09042211 Type sannam S4 s17 Teja byadgi kashmiri Color In Asta 35 (min) 75 (min) 90 (min) 60-90 Taste mild hot mild mild - Hot Shu Level 15000 Shu 75000 Shu 8000 Shu 10000 Max Moisture 6-8% 6-8% 6-8% 6-8% Mesh Size 20-60mm 20-60mm 20-60mm 20-60mm Total Ash 9.5% Max 9.5% Max 9.5% Max 9.5% Max Para Red, Rhodamin B, Butter Yellow absent absent absent absent Orange 2, Orange B & G absent absent absent absent Sudan 1,2,3,4 absent absent absent absent Aflatoxin Range ; 5-30 Ppb 5-30 Ppb 5-30 Ppb 5-30 Ppb Quality Assurance ; Sgs, Geo-chem, Spice Board Loading Capacity : 18mt In 20'fcl & 26mt In 40'fcl Packing : 10/25/50 Kg. New Multi Wall Paper Bag
Shubhlaxmi Industries are the manufacturer and exporter of superior quality of fennel seeds. We always strive to keep the natural taste and fragrance of product intact. Our fennel seed packages are of best quality so that it lets you feel its richness as you open the pack. Its botanical name is Foeniculum vulgare miller and it belongs to Apiaceae Family. Dried fennel seeds are a scented, anise flavored and green in color when fresh. They are crispy and somewhat sweet in taste. They are aromatic and flavorful herbs that are derived from shrub. It is popularly known as SAUNF. They are native to Europe and South of Asia. In India, they mainly grow in northern part as they need cold climate for growth. Fennel seeds are mostly eaten raw as they are quite refreshing. They can be added to salads and soups to enhance taste and aroma. Fennel seeds are medically important too. They aid in digestion and reduce bloating. They are good mouth freshener. They relieve flatulence, thus it is main ingredient in Gripe Water. Specification HS Code : 09096139 Type : Singapore & Europe & Usa Standards Quality : 97%/98%/99%/99.5% & Sortex Clean Color : Thick Green, Light Green Pure Natural Moisture : 10% Max Admixture : 1-2%max Extraneous Foreign Matter (% By Weight) ; 0.50%max Flavour aromatic With A Penerating Flavour Total Ash : 9-10% Max Acid Insoluble Ash : 1.25% Salmonella absent/25gms Origin : Gujarat,rajasthan,uttarpradesh Packing : 5/15/25/50 Kg Net Pp Bag/ Jute Bag/ Cartoon Quality Assurance : Sgs,geo-chem, Bureau Veritas Loading Capacity : 13mt In 20'fcl & 26mt In 40'fcl
Shubhlaxmi industries are one of the pioneer manufacturer and exporter of naturally selected and assorted best quality coriander seeds. We thrive to keep our standards high in terms of the product richness and quality. We maintain its basic aroma and flavor till it reaches you. The botanical name of coriander seeds is Coriandrum sativum L. It belongs to family Apiaceae. The plant has two types of seeds. One when dried is, used as dry spice. The other when ripe is yellowish brown in color and longitudinal shape. Coriander seeds are distinctly aromatic and they are used as one of the common Indian spices to enhance flavor to the dishes. Coriander seeds are usually used in whole form if they are roasted to make powder. They can be grounded to make powder than can be used in making Indian curry masala. It can be added to rice to enrich its fragrance. They can also be used to make chutneys and gravies. Coriander seeds are known to lower down diabetes. They are carminative. They are anti inflammatory and thus are used as medicine in arthritis. Specification HS Code : 09092190 Type : Machine Cleaned & Sortex Cleaned Variety : Eagle, Scooter, Parrot, Super Xo & Spits Flavour : Aromatic With A Penetrating Flavor Moisture : 9% Max Style : Dried Immatured Seeds : 1% Max Total Ash : 9.5% Max Acid Insoluble Ash : 1.75% Salmonella : Absent/25gms Origin : Gujarat,rajasthan,uttarpradesh Packing : 5/15/25/50 Kg Net Pp Bag/ Jute Bag/ Cartoon Quality Assurance : Sgs,geo-chem, Bureau Veritas Loading Capacity : 10mt In 20'fcl & 20mt In 40'fcl
Shubhlaxmi Industries are a manufacturer and Exporter of prime quality of Fenugreek Seeds. We assure that the final product is enriched with its goodness and health benefits. We maintain International Standards while packing the product. Fenugreek seeds are botanically known as Trigonella foenum graecum. It belongs to family Fabaceae. They are small, hard, yellowish brown seeds that are smooth and oblong in shape. Fenugreek seeds are native to South Eastern Europe and West Asia. They are cultivated in India. enugreek seeds are used in tempering in some of Indian cuisines. They can be grounded into fine powder and used in making curry masala. They are used in making pickles. They are mainly added to sambhar masala to enhance flavor. Fenugreek seeds are medically important: It has great cleansing properties. They help in blood purification. It can be used for treating cold, influenza, constipation, asthma or sore throat. It is a great immunity stimulant. It works wonders for great skin and hair. Specification HS Code : 09109912 Color : Pale Yellow Type :98%/99% Machine Clean & Sortex Size : Medium & Bold Moisture ; 12% Max Foreign Matters : 0.5% Max Discolor/damage : 0.5%max Total Ash : 9.5% Max Acid Insoluble Ash : 1.25% Max Salmonella : Absent/25gms Origin : Gujarat,rajasthan,madhyapradesh Packing : 5/10/25/50 Kg Net Pp. & Brand Packing Quality Assurance : Sgs,geo-chem Loading Capacity : 22mt In 20'fcl
Shubhlaxmi Industries are manufacturer and exporter of Cardamom Seeds that are enriched with quality and goodness. We have always made sure that we meet international standards in terms of quality and purity. Green Cardamom is botanically known as Elettaria Cardamomum Maton and it belongs to family Zingiberacea. These are small blackish seeds enclosed in green pods. It has great flavor. They have scented property. The aroma is very pleasant and has a rich taste. Cardamom seeds are widely used in making tea masala. It is used in making Arabian welcome drink. Whole pods are used in making pulao and curries to make it aromatic. Cardamom powder is sprinkled over Indian sweets to make it taste better and look good. Cardamom is great in stimulating digestive system and controlling stomach acidity. It controls bad breathe. It has a remedial action against cough and bronchitis. Cardamom is known as queen of Indian spices. Specification HS Code : 09083190 Type & Variety : 6-7mm,7-8mm,8mm Ageb, Agb, Ags Variety ; Natural Green, Black, Split Pods Color : Deep Green, Fast Green, Black Moisture ; 9% Max Density G/l : 435g/l ,415 G/l ,385 G/l Immatured Seeds : 5% By Count Thrips : Nil Or 3 By Count Origin : Kerala,tamilnadu,karnataka,w.bengal Packing : 5/15/25/50 Kg Net Pp Bag/ Jute Bag/ Cartoon Quality Assurance : Sgs,geo-chem, Bureau Veritas Loading Capacity : 12mt In 20'fcl & 25mt In 40'fcl
Shubhlaxmi industries are a manufacturer and exporter of best quality of Nutmeg. It preserves its natural goodness. They are brought to you fresh and natural. They are selected to assure you that are of supreme quality and taste. The botanical name of nutmeg is Myristica fragrans. They belong to Myristicaceae. Nutmeg is oval in shape, about an inch long, lightly wrinkled and brown in color. The use of nutmeg should be limited as it has narcotic effect. Its overdose can be dangerous. Nutmeg is widely used in sweet preparation because of its flavor and irresistible aroma. A small amount is used in making garam masala. The use of nutmeg powder or in grated form is popular amongs European and Dutch cuisines. Nutmeg is medically important too. It is used in small amount in cough syrups. Nutmeg and nutmeg oil is used in treatment of illness related to nervous and digestive system. One should be very careful while making use of nutmeg proportions. It can cause severe health damage and may cause death if taken inadequately. Specification HS Code : 090811 Quality ; Asta Quality Color : Medium Dark Brown Purity : 99-100% Moisture : 11% Max Damaged : 1-2% Max Foreign Matter : 1% Max Origin : Kerala,tamilnadu,karnataka Packing : 5/15/25/50 Kg Net Pp Bag/ Jute Bag/ Drum Quality Assurance ; Sgs,geo-chem, Bureau Veritas Loading Capacity : 10mt In 20'fcl
Shubhlaxmi Industries have known the benefits of turmeric finger and it has maintained its goodness in the packing. The turmeric fingers are handled carefully right from the time they are unearthed till the time they are packed. We are manufacturer and exporter of turmeric fingers with its natural properties and values. The botanical name of Turmeric is Curcuma Longa L and it belongs to the family Zingiberaceae. Turmeric is bright yellow spice powder made from dried Turmeric Rhizomes. It is commonly known as HALDI. It is believed to be native or India and China. Turmeric is in use in India since thousands of years. It is widely used in making Indian cuisines. It imparts lovely bright yellow color to food. It is used in making pickles and other varieties. A pinch of powder can be added to salad to give a bit of vibrant look. Turmeric is known for health benefits since ancient times. It is a natural immune booster. It is natural anti septic. It is rich source of iron. It is an absolute home remedy for cough and cold. Specification Variety : Single Polished / Double Polished / Bulb Moisture : 7% MAX Curcumin Content Variety : From 2% To 5% Ash : 6.5% Max Ash Insoluable : 0.6% Max Total Strach : 50% Max Chromate Test : Negative Insects/Foreign Matters ; No Color : Yellow Origin : Nizamabad/Salem/Erode/Alleppey/Kadapa Packing : 25/50 Kg. Net Jute/PP Bag Loading Capacity : 18Ton in 20 FCL & 26Ton in 40 FCL
Shubhlaxmi Industry is a manufacturer and exporter of best quality handpicked cloves. The premium packing assures that is aroma and flavor remains intact. Our superb quality cloves are selected and handpicked for sustaining its purity. The botanical name of Clove is Syzygium aromaticum and it belongs to Myrtaceae family. Cloves are unopened flower bud of a tropical tree. It has derived its name from Latin meaning nails. Cloves are native to Maluku Island in Indonesia. Cloves are mainly added with other aromatic spices to impart flavor and strong aroma to the dishes. Cloves have the ability to overpower the taste; hence it has to be added in dishes in small amount only. Cloves are used as hooks to bind rotis, vegetables, betelnut leaves or samosa ets. It is commonly used in making rice as it gives rich aroma and flavor. Cloves are of great importance medically: They help in treating indigestion, diarrhea and other fungal infections. They help in relieving tooth ache. They have the ability to restore appetite. Specification HS Code : 09071090 Quality ; Superior & Handpicked Color :reddish Brown Size ; Homogeneous Cg3 Moisture : 11% Max Stems : 1-2% Max Foreign Matter ; 1% Max Origin : Kerala,tamilnadu,karnataka Packing : 10/15/25 Kg Net Pp Bag Quality Assurance ; Sgs,geo-chem, Bureau Veritas Loading Capacity : 11mt In 20'fcl
Details: Best Quality Sortex Clean 25 Kg Paper or PP Bag Packing Lowest Price Nigella Sativa
