Chrome yellow and vibrant color and strong; low density, non-toxic, but some varieties of light, heat, solvent and migration resistance is often not as good as inorganic pigments. Endless varieties change color, colorful, but there is a certain intrinsic link between a variety of colors, each color can be used to determine the three parameters, namely hue, lightness and saturation. Color is black with each other mutually distinguishing features, feel decisions of each wavelength in chromatography and surface composition of the emitted light on the human eye can distinguish red, yellow, green, blue, purple and other features. Lightness, also known as luminance, expressed varying degrees of light and dark objects appearance characteristic value; comparing the brightness of colors, this color will have a bright and darker points. Saturation, also called the degree of color, showing characteristic values of the object appearance color shades, with bright colors and make Yinhui of difference. Hue, lightness and saturation form a three-dimensional, with the establishment of the scale of these three, you can use numbers to measure the color. Nature kaleidoscope of colors, but the most basic red, yellow, blue, called primary colors. chrome yellow living in hiding between shallow and deep chrome yellow chrome yellow, light chrome yellow with equal brightness, better than the deep chrome yellow, acid resistance and light chrome yellow equal, better than the deep chrome yellow, poor alkali resistance, good dispersion. Nitrates such as chrome yellow is lead nitrate, chromate, sodium dichromate, such as raw materials, strict control of the reaction conditions to form a stable monoclinic crystalline chrome yellow particles by filtration, drying and crushing. Mainly for paint, especially signpost coatings, inks and plastics.
Crude oil flowing from wells contain fair amount (often 20-30%, sometimes up to 60-65%) of water with dissolved salts from basis point up to 1-2%. This significantly increases viscosity of crude oil, generates stable emulsion and makes the oil inadequate for refining and transportation. Water produced together with oil is usually in very unusual state, i.e. it is spread in oil in the form of droplets (emulsified form). Less the size of droplets, more stable the emulsion. One of the main reasons of emulsion stability is also the presence of resin, pyrobitumen, paraffin, and other oil admixtures like glycerine, microcrystal of paraffin, ceresin in crude oil. These substances generate quite firm and thick (protective films) on the surface of water and solid particles thus preventing merging of water drops and solid particles and their spontaneous segregation from oil. At present physical, thermal, physico-chemical, electrical and combined methods of oil emulsion breaking are used for oil dehydration and oil desalting. One of the widelyused and most effective methods is physicochemical combined method using chemical reagents demulsifiers. Demulsifiers are substances with high surface activity. They are concentrated in interfacial areas of oil emulsion, break protective films covering solid particles, water droplets and neutralise their electric charges. After this, small droplets will merge into bigger drops under the influence of mutual attraction, loosen and segregated from oil.Oil demulsifying is carried out in oil field and oil refinery plants. At present “KARVAN-L” company tries to provide integrated work cycle: – development production supply and implementation of produced demulsifiers together with consumer. Demulsifier Karvan-200 is designed for oil dehydration and desalting in gathering system and oil treatment plant. Reagent can also inhibit corrosion processes.Demulsifier Karvan-201 is designed for separation of both light and heavy crude emulsion. This reagent is the composition of macroglycols and nitrogen-bearing surfactants in organic solvent environment Demulsifier discharge per 1 ton crude is 10-60gr. Dosage depends on emulsion stability, treatment temperature, water separation period and desired depth of oil processing. Optimum dosage and demulsifier application process ensuring necessary results can only be defined as per test results carried out in practical use sites.
