In a Francis turbine, the water flows radially into the turbine and axially out of the runner. The Francis turbine, invented by an American engineer in 1849, is the most widely deployed modern turbine. The main characteristics of the Francis turbine are - a wide range of water head, simple and reliable structure, and high efficiency. A Francis Turbine can be supplied for a head of 15 m to 250 m. The runner diameter is available from 0.4 m to 4.5 m. Power capacity is from 75 kW to 50 MW. New style francis turbine, compared to the old one, it has the advantages of convenient installation, high efficiency, low noise and compact structure.