A graphite electrode is a type of electrode used in electric arc furnaces (EAFs) to melt and refine steel, iron, and other metals. It is made of graphite, a form of carbon that has unique properties such as high thermal conductivity, high melting point, low coefficient of thermal expansion, and good electrical conductivity. Graphite electrodes are essential components in the production of high-quality steel and are widely used in the metalworking industry. Graphite electrodes are typically cylindrical in shape and range in size from 75 to 700 millimeters in diameter and 1 to 2 meters in length. They are installed in EAFs to conduct electric current and generate heat to melt and refine metal. When an electric current passes through the graphite electrodes, it generates an electric arc, which produces temperatures of up to 3,500�°C (6,332�°F). This extreme heat melts the metal in the furnace and allows impurities to be removed, resulting in a high-quality end product. Graphite electrodes are chosen for EAFs due to their high electrical conductivity, low electrical resistance, and excellent thermal shock resistance. They are also relatively easy to shape and mold, which allows them to be manufactured in various sizes and shapes to meet the specific needs of different industries. The quality of graphite electrodes is determined by factors such as their electrical resistivity, flexural strength, thermal expansion coefficient, and oxidation resistance.