1. Density 0.95 to 1.03 kg/L at 15C 2. Viscosity Varies depending on the specific grade, but typically ranges from 50 to 300 centistokes (cSt) at 50C. 3. Sulfur Content High sulfur: up to 3.5% by weight Low sulfur: under 1% by weight (for areas with stricter environmental regulations) 4. Flash Point Minimum 60C (140F) 5. Pour Point Generally between 15C and 30C (59F to 86F) 6. Water Content Typically less than 1% by volume 7. Ash Content Maximum 0.1% by weight 8. Calorific Value Typically between 39 and 42 MJ/kg (megajoules per kilogram) 9. Carbon Residue Generally less than 15% by weight