Product description: QT-PH06S/30S is a durable soil pH meter, it can be inserted into soil and measure soil pH rapidly. No batteries and no special maintenance needed for the meter. Specifications QT-PH06S QT-PH30S Measurement range pH: 3~8; soil moisture: 10~80% Resolution 0.2 Accuracy 0.2 (Suitable for arable land and teaching experiment) Operating temperature 5-50 Probe length 6cm 30cm Configuration pH Meter, manual, portable carrying box Soil pH is very important to crop growth. Most of crops can hardly survive when soil pH is too high or too low. The appropriate pH is critical to the quality of crops.
The primary use of Ammonium Sulphate is as a fertilizer for alkaline soils. In the soil the ammonium ion is released and forms a small amount of acid, lowering the pH balance of the soil, while contributing essential nitrogen for plant growth. The main disadvantage to the use of Ammonium Sulphate is its low nitrogen content relative to Ammonium Nitrate, which elevates transportation costs. It is also used as an agricultural spray adjuvant for water soluble insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. There it functions to bind iron and calcium cations that are present in both well water and plant cells. It is particularly effective as an adjuvant for 2,4-D (amine), glyphosate and glufosinate herbicides.
Product description: QT-PH350 is a sophisticated but durable pen-like pH meter with independent electrodes. It can be used for several years if it is operated correctly. Features Standard accessories include detachable pH test pen, pH electrode and pH 4, pH 7 standard solution Nib type pH electrode is the ideal probe for measuring permeable object, such as soil, meat, cheese etc., the electrode is embedded in a solid glass pen Detachable pH probe can be used for regular or remote measurements Automatic calibration with pH 4, 7,10 standard solutions Rotation display button Data Retention Auto power-off Small and lightweight Waterproof panel Applications Agriculture, horticulture, food processing, teaching, industrial and quality management Specifications Data reader Screen 20 mm x 28 mm LCD with rotation display function Measurement range 0~14 Resolution 0.01pH Accuracy ±0.07(5~9) ±0.1 (4~4.9, 9.1~10) ±0.2 (1~3.9, 10.1~13) (23±5â??, calibration values) Input impedance 10~12 ohms Temperature compensation Not necessary Sampling time About 0.8 s Data Retention Freeze the current display data, convenient for reading Calibration Automatic calibration with pH 7, 4 or 10 standard solutions pH electrode connector BNC interface Operating Temperature 0~50â??(32~122â??) Operating humidity
Castor meal is also variously called castor meal, castor residue, castor extract & de-oiled castor cake Castor meal - the residue obtained from castor cake by the solvent extraction process - is one of the most versatile natural manures. It is truly organic manure which enhances the fertility of the soil without causing any damage or decay. It is enriched with the three big elements vital and conducive to the proper growth of crops - Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium. It also has traces of nutrients like Manganese, Zinc and Copper, thus making it a balanced fertilizer. Moreover, it helps to neutralize the detrimental effects of chemical fertilizers. Apart from their contribution to Nutrients, they have a number of benefits in agriculture, which none of the synthetic fertilizers or pesticides can offer. They bring in the wonderful molecules that nature has designed to help the plants flourish naturally. They provide slow and steady nourishment, stimulation, protection from soil nematodes and insects; improve yields, and quality of product like taste, flavour, amino acid composition etc. The pressed cake obtained after the expression of castor bean. The solvent extracted cake, although rich in protein cannot be used as cattle fodder because of its toxicity. However, it can be used as a fertilizer. The protein content of castor seed meal varies from 21-48% depending upon the extent of decortications. It has an ideal amino acid profile with moderately high Cystine, mithionine, and isoleucine. But its ant nutritional substances, ricin, ricine and an allergen restrict its use in poultry feed, even at a very low level of inclusion. Castor Cake is an excellent fertilizer because of high content of N (6.4%), Phosphoric Acid (2.55%) and Potash (1%) and moisture retention. There is negative correlation between the contents of ricinine in castor seeds and oil content (r = -0.76). This content of ricinine in castor seed is determined by Agro climatic conditions. Nutrient content of Castor Cake: Organic matter - 75 - 80 %, Nitrogen - 4.0 - 4.5 %, Phosphorous - 1.5 %, Potassium - 1.25 - 1.5 %. It also contains some micro nutrients viz., Calcium, Magnesium, Sulphur, Iron, Zinc, Manganese, Copper etc. A typical composition of castor residue/meal is as follows: Nitrogen - 4% min. approx. Phosphorous - 1% min. approx. Potassium - 1% min. approx. Moisture - 10 - 12 % max. approx. Oil Content - 0.7% max. approx. Advantages: 1. It provides all the major & minor nutrients necessary for better plant growth. 2. It also helps in increasing the nutrient uptake by plants. 3. It improves the soil fertility and productivity. 4. It is known to protect the plants from nematodes and termites. 5. It improves the yield & quality of the farm produce. 6. It improves the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil
The mustard plant is a plant of the Cruciferae or Cabbage family. This is an undemanding plant, which easily tolerate drought, heat and slight frosts. The plant is used as a natural fertilizer - mustard enriches the soil. The mustard seeds are used as a condiment, especially for canning the vegetables. The mustard oil is also made of the seeds. The oil concentration in the seeds reaches 30%. Powdered seeds are used for cooking the hot sauce. The mustard is also used in medicine due to its warming properties, the mustard plasters for example. In cosmetology, the mustard is used to strengthen hair, cleanse face and stimulate the blood circulation. Yellow mustard seeds have delicate and spicy taste. They are used whole or milled for preserving vegetables, mushrooms, fish, for cooking vegetable dishes, pork, various game and meat soups etc. The bulk of the seeds are used in making mustard sauce to retain the fragrance. We are arranging for direct supply from Ukraine manufacturers of yellow, white and black mustard seeds in the following package: Bags of 25-50 kg; Big-bags of 500-1600 kg (optimum of 1000-1200 kg). Containers (in this case mustard seeds are loaded in bulk). Specifications of mustard seeds Moisture - 9% max. Foreign admixture - 2% max
Ginger root Botanical name: Zingiber officinale Linn. Family: Zingiberaceae. Ginger oil and oleoresins are the volatile oil derived by steam distillation of ginger and oleoresin. It is obtained by percolating the powdered rhizomes of Ginger, Zingiber officinale with volatile solvents. Ginger contains 1-2 percent of volatile oil, 5-8 percent of pungent acrid oleoresin and starch. Zingiberene is the chief constituent in the oil of ginger. Oil is employed for flavoring all kinds of food products and confectionary and finds limited use in perfumery. Oleoresin, commercially called Gingerin contains pungent principles viz. gingerol and shogaol apart from the volatile oil of ginger and is used as an aromatic, carminative, stomachic and as a stimulant. Oleoresin from ginger is obtained conventionally by extraction of dried powdered ginger with organic solvents like ethyl acetate, ethanol or acetone. Commercial dried ginger yields 3.5-10.0 per cent oleoresin. Ginger oleoresin is a dark brown viscous liquid responsible for the flavour and pungency of the spice. Ginger of commerce or `Adrak` is the dried underground stem or rhizome of the plant, which constitutes one of the five most important major spices of India, standing third or fourth, competing with chillies, depending upon fluctuations in world market prices, world market demand and supply position. Ginger, like cinnamon, clove and pepper, is one of the most important and oldest spices. It consists of the prepared and sun dried rhizomes known in trade as `hands` and `races` which are either with the outer brownish cortical layers (coated or unscraped), or with outer peel or coating partially or completely removed. Ginger requires a warm and humid climate. It is cultivated from sea level to an altitude of 1500 meters, either under heavy rainfall conditions of 150 to 300 cm or under irrigation. The crop can thrive well in sandy or clayey loam or lateritic soils. The composition of dry ginger is given below: Dry Ginger rootMoisture:6.9 % Protein:8.6 % Fat:6.4 % Fiber:5.9 % Carbohydrates:66.5 % Ash:5.7 % Calcium:0.1 % Phosphorous:.15 % Iron:0.011 % Sodium:0.03 % Potassium:1.4 % Vitamin A:175 I.U./100 g Vitamin B1:0.05 mg/100 g Vitamin B2:0.13 mg/100 g Niacin:1.9 mg/100 g Vitamin C:12.0 mg/100 g Calorific value:380 calories/100 g. Ginger Oleoresin is obtained by extraction of powdered dried ginger with suitable solvents like alcohol, acetone etc. Unlike volatile oil, it contains both the volatile oil and the non-volatile pungent principles for which ginger is so highly esteemed. Concentration of the acetone extract under vacuum and on complete removal of even traces of the solvent used, yields the so called oleoresin of ginger. Ginger oleoresin is manufactured on a commercial scale in India and abroad and is in great demand by the various food industries.
Chemical name:Magnesium nitrate Molecular formula:Mg(NO3)2.6H2O Molecular weight:256.40 Property:soluble in water,liquid ammonia, methanol and ethanol.Stable at room temperature, the relative density of 1.461, higher than the melting point of 95�°C off the water to generate alkaline magnesium nitrate, heated to 300�°C begins to decompose above 400�°C to completely decompose into magnesium oxide and Nitrogen oxide gas. Quality standard: Item Indicator Industrial grade Agriculture grade Magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)2.6H2O) â?¥98.0% â?¥98.0% PH value â?¥4 --- Heavy metal â?¤0.002 --- Water insoluble â?¤0.05% â?¤0.1% Iron â?¤0.001% --- Magnesium oxide content(CaO) --- â?¥15% Nitrogen content(N) --- â?¥10.7% Use:Concentrated nitric acid for industrial de-water agent, manufacture of explosives, catalysts and other magnesium salts and nitrates catalyst raw materials, wheat ashing agent.Used in agriculture, magnesium soluble fertilizer for soilless culture. Packing:25/50KGlined with plastic bag and exterior is woven bagPacking or according to customers requirements. 1.Purity 98% white granule 2.Used for fertilizer or industrial material 3.Export Asia/Europe 4.ISO9001
Commodity: Ammonium nitrate porous prills Molecular formula: NH4NO3 Molecule Weight: 80 CAS: 6484-52-2 UN:1942 Hazardous class:5.1 Commodity: Ammonium nitrate porous prills 1.Production of granular porous ammonium nitrate for industrial use and agricultural granular ammonium nitrate. Products with low moisture content, not easy to cake; high compressive strength, not easy to break; high oil absorption rate. Ammonium nitrate content is more than 99%, the appearance is white granular crystals, no impurities visible to the naked eye. 2. Purpose: Explosive material: granular ammonium oil explosive is made by mixing porous ammonium nitrate with raw oil. Its speed can reach more than 3 200 m/s. This explosive has strong explosive power, safe and reliable use, low price, cost saving, and can usually reduce the cost by 20%-40%. At present, this kind of explosive has been widely used in mining, construction, railway and highway construction, agricultural and water conservancy construction and national defense and other fields. 3. Product specifications: Specifications: Appearance white granule Particle size 0.5-2.5mm NH4NO3 >99.5% N >34% Oil absorption > 8% Moisture < 0.2% PH >4
[Technical Indicators] 1. Industrial grade Indicator Name/Indicator Value Powdered Products (F) Needle Products (Z) Level 92 Level 93 Level 95 Level 92 Level 95 Appearance White or light yellow powder, without caking White or yellowish needle-like, without lumps Active matter,% 92.0 93.0 95.0 92.0 95.0 Free oil,% 1.2 1.2 1.2 2.0 1.5 Inorganic salt,% Sodium sulfate 5.8 4.8 2.5 4.8 2.5 Sodium chloride 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 Moisture,% 2.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 3.0 PH value (1% aqueous solution) 7.5-9.5 7.5-10 Whiteness (WB), 90 2. Toothpaste grade Indicator Name/Indicator Value Toothpaste Grade (Y) (I) Level (II) Level (III) Level Appearance White or yellowish powdery or needle-like, without caking Active matter,% 95.0 93.0 93.0 Free oil,% 1.2 1.2 1.2 Inorganic salt,% Sodium sulfate 2.5 3.2 4.0 Sodium chloride 0.15 0.15 0.15 Moisture,% 2.0 2.0 3.0 PH value (1% aqueous solution) 8-9.3 8-9.3 8-10 Whiteness (WB), 90 Foaming capacity/mm 180 Heavy metal (as Pb)/ (mg/Kg), 15 Arsenic content (as As)/ (mg/Kg), 3 Total bacterial count/ (CFU/G), 100 Total number of molds and yeasts/ (CFU/G), 100 Fecal coliforms/G Not to be detected Pseudomonas aeruginosa/G Not to be detected Staphylococcus aureus/G Not to be detected  3. Latex grade Indicator Name/Indicator Value Latex grade (powder, needle, liquid) Aggregate grade Seed level Liquid K12 Appearance White or yellowish powdery or needle-like, without caking Light yellow transparent liquid Active matter,% 94.0 92 28.5-30.5 Free oil,% 0.8-1.0 1.5-2.0 1.5 Inorganic salt,% Sodium sulfate 3.0 3.0 1.5 Sodium chloride 0.15 0.15 0.05 Moisture,% 3.5 3.5 - PH value (1% aqueous solution) 8-10 7.5-9.5 Whiteness (WB), 90 - Color Klett (30% active), - 60 4. Reagent grade Indicator Name/Indicator Value Reagent grade Level 99% Level 97% Appearance White flaky crystals White powder Solubility (1%, alcohol) Completely dissolved Solubility (10%, aqueous solution) Completely dissolved Chroma APHA (20%, deionized water), 15  - Active matter (%), â?¥ 99 (on dry basis) 97 Petroleum ether soluble matter (%), 0.2 1.0 Sodium sulfate (%), 0.5 1.5 Sodium chloride (%), Moisture (%), 1.0 2.0 PH value (1% aqueous solution) 6.0-8.0 6.0-11 Phosphate, 1ppm - Lead (Pb), 2ppm Iron (Fe), 1ppm Nitrogen, 5ppm - Arsenic (As), 0.1ppm Fraction content (%), 99.0 Absorbance (3%, deionized water) 230nm 0.4 260nm 0.1 280nm 0.1 - 410nm 0.01
Terry towels, textile made ups, agriculture products, essential oils, sugar icumsa 45, sugar s 30, copper cathodes, copper concentrate, copper ore, iron ore, cobalt, zinc, bauxite, limestone, cement etc..Exporters
Fly Ash: Fly Ash is by product generated during combustion of coal, and comprises the fine particles that rise with the flue gases. Ash which is collected from the bottom is termed bottom ash. Fly ash is collected by electrostatic precipitators or other particle filtration equipment before the flue gases reach the chimneys of coal-fired power plants and together with bottom ash removed from the bottom of the furnace is in this case jointly known as coal ash. Depending upon the type of coal being used, the specification of Fly Ash varies considerably, but Fly Ash contains substantial amounts of silicon dioxide and calcium oxide (CaO), both being endemic ingredients in many coal-bearing rock strata. We are a reputed Fly Ash Exporter based in India and are supplying Fly Ash different cement, ready mix concrete, steel, refractories and construction industries. The Major Utilization Areas Of Fly Ash : - Manufacture of Portland Pozzolanic Cement & Performance improver in Ordinary Portland cement (OPC). - Part replacement of OPC in cement concrete. - High volume Fly Ash concrete. - Roller Compacted Concrete used for dam & pavement construction. - Manufacture of ash bricks and other building products. - Construction of road embankments, structural fills, low lying area development. - As a soil amender in agriculture and wasteland development. Types of Fly Ash: - According to the type of coal used fly is classified into two types. Anthracite and bituminous coal produces Fly Ash classified as class F. Class C Fly Ash is produced by burning lignite or sub-bituminous coal. Class C Fly Ash has self-cementing properties. - Class F and Class C Fly Ash are products of the combustion of coal in large power plants. Fly Ash is collected in electrostatic precipitators or baghouses, and then transferred to large silos for shipment. When needed, Fly Ash is classified by precise particle size requirements, thus assuring a uniform, quality product. - Class F Fly Ash is available in the largest quantities. Class F is generally low in lime, usually under 15 percent, and contains a greater combination of silica, alumina and iron (greater than 70 percent) than Class C Fly Ash. - Class C Fly Ash normally comes from coals which may produce an ash with higher lime content generally more than 15 percent often as high as 30 percent. Elevated CaO may give Class C unique self-hardening characteristics. Minimum Order Quantity : 1 container
Dolomite: Dolomite a common sedimentary rock-forming mineral that can be found in massive beds several hundred feet thick. They are found all over the world and are quite common in sedimentary rock sequences. These rocks are called appropriately enough dolomitic limestone. Applications: - Dolomite is chosen for many construction and building product applications due to its increased hardness and density. - Asphalt and concrete applications prefer dolomite as filler for its higher strength and hardness. - Dolomite also finds use in a number of applications as a source of magnesium such as glass and ceramics manufacture, as well as a sintering agent in iron ore - Palletization and as a flux agent in steel making. - Farmers use dolomite for agricultural pH control. - The chemical industry uses the mineral dolomite in making magnesium salts including magnesia, magnesium oxide (MgO), which is used in pharmaceuticals.
Food (only pre packaged food), clothing wholesale, shoes and hats wholesale, knitted textiles and raw materials, hardware products; chemical products, office supplies, communication equipment, instruments and meters, glass products, agricultural and sideline products.Import and export
FH SERIES OF PRODUCTS: FH products are Pure nonionic derived the endosperm of guar polysaccharide (Cyamopsos tetragonolobus). The products are unique with ultra-high viscosity with fastest hydration characteristics as shown in Figure 1 below. Also, when added with other drilling components, to seawater, a KCl solution or other aqueous system, the product suspension disperses readily without lumping, even under low-shear conditions generating most of its full viscosity within just a few minutes. PRODUCT COMPATIBILITY: FH series of products are compatible with most of the chemicals and auxiliaries used in drilling operations. However, the products are not compatible with Arabic and Crystal gums. Also, in presence of borates they form elastic gel. PRODUCT APPLICATIONS: FH series of products are natural, high viscosity, fast hydrating non-Newtonian hydrocolloids with suitable cross linking components in diesel slurries and are versatile for continuous mix applications, where extremely fast hydration and subsequent viscosity development is required. They are excellent viscosifiers, stabilizers, thickeners and suspending agent for use in oil-drilling, workover fluids and several other oilfield applications like hydraulic fracturing, oil well stimulation, mud drilling, oil well capping, flocculent and liquid shoring etc. The product is used as a surfactant; synthetic polymer and deformer ideally suited for all rheological requirements of water based and brine based drilling fluids. Specifications:- PRODUCT : FH-35 FH-38 FH-42 CAS No. : 9000-30-0 9000-30-0 9000-30-0 Granulation : FINE FINE FINE APPEARANCE : OFF WHITE POWDER MOISTURE : 8% Max. 8% Max. 8% Max. PROTEIN (N X 6.25) : 5.0% Max 5.0% Max 5.0% Max ASH : 1.5% Max. 1.5% Max. 1.5% Max. ACID INSOLUBLE RESIDUE (A.I.R.) : 3% Max. 3% Max. 3% Max. CARBOHYDRATE (incl gum by difference) : 82% Min 82% Min 82% Min pH (1% Solution) : 5.5 ? 6.5 5.5 ? 6.5 5.5 ? 6.5 VISCOSITY : (0.48% Product in 2% KCL Sol. 2.5 mins mix @1500 RPM in waring blender) Fann 35sa Viscometer at 300 RPM, 25�C 3 Mins : 35 3 Min:38 3 Mins : 42 5 Mins : 37 5 Mins : 39 5 Mins : 43 30 Mins : 39 30 Mins : 42 30 Mins : 45 60 Mins : 40 60 Mins : 43 60 Mins : 47
Shubhlaxmi Industries is a manufacturer/processor and exporter of supreme quality of Moringa seeds, Moringa Powder & its oil. Moringa seed is an important part of Moringa tree, because it contain large amount of protein and iron in it. Moringa seed is present inside the Moringa Pods. Moringa seed is like round shaped. From one Moringa pods we can get more than 5 number of seeds. We Process and supply multi grade/variety like pkm-1 moringa cultivation seeds, pkm-2 cultivation seeds, km-1 seeds, moringa traditional seeds, moringa oil seeds, moringa medicinal seeds, moringa pharma grade seeds. Its botanical name is Moringa oleifera, its only genus in the plant family Moringacae. Its widely harvesting southwestern India.,Each & Every part of this plant is used in variety of applications including Food, personal & health care, agriculture,dye, water purification and many more. Its significant & high valued source of vitamin-B, vitamin-C, & provitamin-A as beta-carotene, vitamin-k, proteins & other essential nutrients. Its greenish leaf cooked & used as we use Spinach in Various Delicious Dishes, & also used in soups & sauces by crushing in powder. Its Immature seeds pods, also called Drumsticks, which used in south asian dishes by parboiling & cooked in curry. Its seeds mostly consumed like roasted peanuts, peas & nuts, which consists high level of vitamin-C & vitamin-B. Its also yield oil around 40%, used as edible oil, called Ben oil, because of its higher concentration of behenic acid. Its refined oil is much clear & odorless. As medicinal value of moringa oleifera had been suggested by traditional medicine, further clinical testing is required to explore more benefits. Characteristics of pkm -1 SEED variety Seed propagated Medium, dwarf stature Pods are 60-70 cm long with 6.3 cm girth weighing 120g Bears 220-250 fruit per tree The estimated yield is 50-54tonnes/ha Suitable for ratoon crop Low incidence of insect pest and disease Suitable for varied soil types (freely drained)in tropical plains Specification Moringa Seeds/leaf/powder Hs Code : 12119099 Specification/ Variety Pkm-1 Seeds Leaf T Cut Leaf Powder Oil Moisture : 8-10% Max 7-10% Max 10% Max 0.20% Total Ash Value : 14% 15% Max 12% Max 0.01% Purity Level : 98-99% 98-99% 98-99% 100% Foreign Material : 1% Max 1% Max Absent Absent Apperance : Browinsh Green Emrald Green Yellowish Salmonella In 25g Absent Absent Absent : Na E-coli Cfu/g : Absent Absent : 20 Max Na Quality Assurance : Sgs,geo-chem, Spice Board Moq 1ton Packing : 10/25/35/50 Kg, Pp Bag/jute Bag/cartoon Origin ; Tamil Nadu
We offer Ammonium Nitrate in Granular and Crystalline forms. Ammonium Sulphate Physical State ; Powder Color : White crystalline powder Cas No. 7783-20-2 Arsenic (As) ; NMT 0.00002% Calcium (Ca) : NMT 0.001% Magnesium (Mg) : NMT 0.0005% Non-volatile substances : NMT 0.01% Active Ingredient ; (NH4)2SO4% Assay : Min 99.5% PH Value ; Min. 4.5 Chloride : NMT 0.0003% Nitrates : PNMT 0.001% Iron ; NMT 0.0002% Heavy Metals (as Pb) ; NMT 0.0002% Phosphate (PO4) ; NMT 0.0005% The primary use of Ammonium Sulphate is as a fertilizer for alkaline soils. In the soil the ammonium ion is released and forms a small amount of acid, lowering the pH balance of the soil, while contributing essential nitrogen for plant growth. The main disadvantage to the use of Ammonium Sulphate is its low nitrogen content relative to Ammonium Nitrate, which elevates transportation costs. It is also used as an agricultural spray adjuvant for water soluble insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides.
Introduction: The coco peat is extracted from the shell of the coconut consisting of the coir fiber and the coir dust. These are natural material used for many purposes from agriculture and industry. Advantages: - Help improve the fallow conditions as well as the calluses from the soil - Helps soil to retain more nutrients and retain moisture. - Helps increase soil ventilation -Furthermore, they will promote full root development and plant growth - Contains natural organic matter and is good for soil and plants - No harm to the environment.
Coco peat, also known as coir pith, is the fibrous material that is obtained from the outer husk of coconut shells. It is increasingly being used as a growing medium in horticulture and agriculture due to its many beneficial properties. Coco peat is high in nutrients and organic matter, improves soil structure, water retention, and provides aeration to the soil so it is widely used for Soil amendment, Seed starting, Hydroponics, Potting mix and Animal bedding.
Wood Charcoal Details as Below. Burning Time: 5 - 7 hours Moisture: 6-8 % Fixed Carbon: 75-85% Calorific Value: 6500 to 7000 Kcal/kg Ash Content: 1.5-2 % Volatile Matter: 12.5 to 30% Sizes: 20mm to 100mm, 30mm to 200mm (based on your request) Shape: Lump / Briquettes / block Foreign Matter: 1 % made with physical methods, 100% pure hardwood No Chemical contents ph value :7-9 Our charcoal can be use for both open and closed fires. smokeless coal for domestic use. recommended room warmer& barbeque Shape: lump No traces of soil or other elements. Long life burning burn without any smoke or fume during the initial ignition and during burning duration.