GUN2BIKESHOP sells bicycle models: Road Bike, Mountain Bike, Triathlon Bike, Electric Bike, Cyclocross Bike, Gravel Bike, Track Bike, Road Frame, Mountain Frame, Triathlon Frame, Groupsets, Pedals, Saddle, Wheels, Helmets, Shoes, Gloves Hand and Camera. Purchase the "2025 Specialized S-Works Roubaix SL8 LTD SRAM RED AXS Road Bike" from the GUN2BIKESHOP, as it is brand new in its original retail packaging with most items shipped direct from the manufacturer. Product : Available & 100% New Original Price : USD 13,500.00 Min Order : 1 Unit Lead Time : 4 â?? 6 Days Port : CIV / Kualanamu International Airport Payment : Wise, Bank Transfer, Western union, Xoom, Moneygram & Worldremit Shipment : Worldwide via FedEx, DHL, UPS
Cerium-doped Lutetium Yttrium Orthosilicate or LYSO(Ce) scintillator has the advantages of high light output, high density, short decay time, excellent timing and energy resolution. These properties make LYSO(Ce) becoming the most popular scintillators in Nuclear medicine (Positron Emission Tomography, PET/CT, and SPECT scan system), high energy physics, security scanners, and other applications. OST Photonics has a complete set of crystal processing and assembly line, we can process all kinds of lyso scintillation crystal and LYSO(Ce) arrays according to customer's requirements. We have our own laboratory to test the product performance to ensure that the product performance meets the requirements of our customers. We provide professional solutions for lyso crystal growth, surface treatment and array assembly. Application of LYSO Ce Scintillators (LYSO:Ce Scintillators) Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) High energy physics Advantages of LYSO scintillator (LYSO:Ce Scintillators) High light output High density Short decay time Stable chemical and physical lyso scintillator properties The Ability of OST Photonics Maximum Size: 105mm x 200mm Available items: monolithic crystal, scintillation screen, pixellated array
Li-6 lithium glass scintillator is a kind of inorganic scintillator which can be used for thermal neutron detection. It has the advantages of short decay time, high efficiency of slow neutron detection and good temperature performance. In addition, the Li-6 glass scintillator is easy to process and form, non-hygroscopic, acid and alkali resistant, can withstand the high and low temperature rapid change. Therefore, in the harsh situation that contains corrosive liquid and vapor, the lithium glass (Ce) can still work, but other scintillators cannot be suitable. Li-6 glass scintillator are widely used in neutron time-of-flight experiments, oil and natural gas exploration, moisture content measurement, nondestructive testing and neutron photography. OST Photonics can provide different specifications of Li-6 glass scintillators according to your requirements. Neutron time-of-flight experiments Oil and natural gas exploration Moisture content measurement Nondestructive testing(NDT) Neutron photography Advantages of Li-6 Glass Scintillators Fast decay time High efficiency of slow neutron detection Good temperature performance Non-hygroscopic The Ability of OST Photonics Maximum Size: �¸50mm x 50mm Available items: monolithic glass
Crystals such as sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium bromide (KBr) and potassium chloride (KCl) are uniform, bright and high transmittance within 0.250-20 �¼m when thickness less than 10mm, and no impurity absorption. These single crystals are ideal materials for making optical elements for prisms, lenses, filters, and various windows in infrared devices and optical instruments. OST Photonics offers high quality KBr substrates for researchers and industries. Crystal orientation, size and thickness can be customized according to your requirements. Application of KBr Substrates Infrared devices optical instruments Advantages of KBr Substrate Uniform, bright and high transmittance within 0.250-20 �¼m when thickness less than 10 mm No impurity absorption Ability of KBr Substrates Orientation:,,, etc. Dimension: 1, 2, 10x10mm, 20x20mm, etc. Thickness: 0.5mm, 1.0mm, 2mm, 5mm, etc. Available items: windows, substrates, blanks and customized optics
OST Photonics offers various functional crystal materials for laser systems, optical equipment and instruments. Crystals are divided into six types according to their functions: laser crystals (diffusion bonding crystals, Nd:YAG, Er:YAG, Yb:YAG, CTH:YAG, Nd:Ce:YAG, Nd:YVO4, Nd:GdVO4, Nd:YLF, Pr:YLF, Ho:YLF, Tm:YLF, Ti:Sapphire, Er:Yb: Glass), nonlinear crystals (KDP & DKDP), KTP, LiNbO3, LBO, BBO, BIBO), passive Q-switch crystals (Cr4+:YAG, Co2+:MgAl2O4), birefringent crystals (YVO4, �±-BBO), Magneto-optic Crystals (TGG) and optical crystals (BaF2, CaF2, MgF2, LiF, Germanium single crystal, Sapphire (Al2O3), YAG, ZnSe, Silicon single crystal, ZnS). If you want to know more about our functional crystals, please do not hesitate to contact OST Photonics. What are Functional Crystals? A wide range of functional crystal materials is used in various optical applications. While optical glass is commonly used as a transparent material, different functional crystal materials, primarily monocrystalline materials, are required for diverse applications due to their unique functionalities: In contrast to glass, birefringent crystals can exhibit birefringence, which is a requirement for various types of polarizers, wave plates, birefringent tuners, and other optical components. Commonly used birefringent crystal materials include YVO4, �±-BBO, quartz, calcite and sapphire. The lattice symmetry of a crystal material is not too high (such as a triangular, quadrilateral, or single prism), and it can exhibit nonlinearity. Nonlinear crystals are primarily used for nonlinear frequency conversion but also find applications in optical modulators like the Pokel cell. A wide variety of functional crystal materials can be used as laser crystals, serving as host materials for laser-active dopants (rare earth ions or transition metal ions). They typically exhibit relatively high transition cross sections, small gain bandwidth, and good heat conduction compared to laser-active glasses. In general, they also allow for higher doping concentrations. In some cases, functional crystal materials are used in spectral regions where glass does not have a wide enough wavelength range and high transmittance. In particular, various materials such as zinc sulfide (ZnS), zinc selenide (ZnSe) and Sapphire (Al2O3) are used as infrared crystals, and other materials such as lithium fluoride (LiF), calcium fluoride (CaF2) and magnesium fluoride (MgF2) are used as ultraviolet crystals. Some functional crystal materials, such as terbium gallium garnet (TGG), exhibit the Faraday effect (polarization rotation caused by magnetic fields), and they can be utilized in devices like Faraday rotators and Faraday isolators.
CdWO4 Cadmium tungstate crystal is a high density, high atomic number scintillator with a relatively high light yield. The emission maximum is at 475nm and the total light output is 12 to 15 photons/keV. The light yield relative to NaI(Tl) on a bialkali PMT is 30 to 50%. In addition, CdWO4 Scintillator cadmium tungstate scintillator also has the advantages of strong radiation resistance and no radioactive background. The high light output and low afterglow make it ideal for use with silicon photodiodes in detectors for medical and industrial Computed Tomography (CT) scanners. Ost Photonics is able to supply CdWO4 crystals cadmium tungstate scintillator and CdWO4 linear or 2-D array upon your requests. Application of CdWO4 Scintillators (Cadmium Tungstate Scintillators) Industrial computed tomography (CT) scanners Medical computed tomography (CT) scanners Security inspection High energy physics Advantages of CdWO4 Scintillator (Cadmium Tungstate Scintillator) Low afterglow Relatively high light yield Strong radiation resistance High density high atomic number No radioactive background The Ability of OST Photonics CdWO4 Scintillators(Cadmium Tungstate Scintillators) Maximum Size: �¸80mm x 200mm Available items: monolithic crystal, linear or 2-D array
BaF2 window crystals or Barium Fluoride window crystals, with their extremely broad transmission range from the deep UV to LWIR spectrum, are prevalent for Infrared applications requiring additional transmission in the Ultraviolet region. BaF2 window crystals are excellent when being used for IR spectroscopes and as viewport windows for thermal imaging inspection in electric power facilities and petroleum industries. A low refractive index of 1.48 implies BaF2 windows have high transmission rates without anti-reflection coating. BaF2 window crystals has similar properties to CaF2, the difference mainly lies in that barium fluoride window is more resistant to highly energetic radiation, and with an equivalent thickness, the transmission range of BaF2 window extends approximately 1 micron further into the long-wave IR region than calcium fluoride. BaF2 window crystals could also accommodate high-temperature environments up to 800 â??. However, exposure to moisture will increase its sensitivity to temperature and reduce its transmission rate to UV lights. If you would like to know more about BaF2 IR windows, BaF2 window crystals prices, please do not hesitate to contact Ost Photonics. Infrared and ultraviolet windows/prism High energy physics Nuclear physics Nuclear medicine Advantages of BaF2 Window (Barium Fluoride Window)Crystals Excellent Transmission from 200nm 12m Resistant to High-Energy Radiation Provide High Transmission without AR Coatings
±-BBO (±-BaB2O4) is a negative uniaxial crystal which has large birefringence over a broad transparent range of 190nm to 3500nm. ±-BBO is an excellent crystal especially in UV and high power applications. The physical, chemical, thermal, and optical properties of alpha-BBO crystal are similar to those of Beta-BBO. However, there is no second order nonlinear effect in alpha-BBO crystal due to the centrosymmetry in its crystal structure and thus it has no use for second order nonlinear optical processes. Instead, alpha BBO is widely used for fabrication of polarizers, polarizing beam displacers, phase retarders, birefringent plates, and time delay compensators especially those for UV and high power lasers. Applications of ±-BBO Crystals High power Beam displacers for isolators. High power Polarizer Time delay compensators Advantages of ±-BBO Crystals High UV transmittance Large birefringence High damage threshold Here at OST Photonics, we value integrity, accountability, and punctuality. Our vision is to be the most professional and reliable supplier of crystal products in the world.
A student physiograph, also known as a kymograph or physiological recording system, is a laboratory instrument used in physiology and biomedical research to record and analyze physiological signals and responses. Here's how it's used: Recording Physiological Signals: A student physiograph records various physiological signals such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, muscle contractions, and electrical activity of the heart (ECG) or brain (EEG). These signals are typically measured using sensors or transducers that convert physiological phenomena into electrical signals. Experimental Setup: Researchers set up experiments by attaching sensors or electrodes to the subject (e.g., human, animal, or tissue preparation) to measure specific physiological parameters. The signals from these sensors are then transmitted to the physiograph for recording and analysis. Data Visualization: The physiograph records physiological signals over time, displaying them graphically on a rotating drum or digital screen. This allows researchers to visualize and analyze changes in physiological parameters in response to experimental manipulations, interventions, or stimuli. Data Analysis: Physiological recordings obtained from the student physiograph can be analyzed to extract various parameters such as amplitude, frequency, duration, and latency of physiological responses. This data analysis helps researchers quantify and interpret the physiological effects of experimental conditions or treatments. Teaching Tool: Student physiographs are commonly used in educational settings, such as undergraduate physiology or biomedical science laboratories, to teach students fundamental principles of physiological measurement, experimental design, and data analysis. Students learn how to set up experiments, record physiological signals, and interpret the results. Research Applications: In research laboratories, student physiographs are used for conducting experiments to investigate physiological mechanisms, pathophysiology of disease, effects of drugs or interventions, and responses to environmental stimuli. They are valuable tools for generating data that contributes to scientific understanding and medical advancements. Demonstration of Biological Concepts: Physiographs can also be used for demonstration purposes in public outreach events or scientific presentations. By recording and displaying physiological responses in real-time, researchers can illustrate biological concepts and engage audiences in understanding the complexity of living systems. Overall, student physiographs are versatile instruments that play a vital role in physiological research and education. They enable researchers and students to study, record, and analyze physiological responses, fostering a deeper understanding of human and animal biology.
Isolated organ baths are essential tools in pharmacology for studying the effects of drugs on isolated organs or tissues. Here's how they are used: Drug Screening and Testing: Isolated organ baths allow pharmacologists to assess the pharmacological activity of drugs on specific organs or tissues in a controlled environment. By exposing the isolated tissue to different concentrations of a drug, researchers can observe and measure its effects on physiological parameters such as contraction, relaxation, or electrical activity. Mechanism of Action Studies: Pharmacologists use isolated organ baths to investigate the underlying mechanisms of drug action. By examining how drugs modulate the contractile or electrical properties of isolated tissues, researchers can elucidate the pharmacodynamic pathways involved and gain insights into the drug's mode of action. Receptor Pharmacology: Isolated organ baths are particularly useful for studying receptor pharmacology. Researchers can assess the interaction between drugs and specific receptors present in the isolated tissue by measuring the dose-response relationship and determining the potency and efficacy of various pharmacological agents. Toxicity Testing: Isolated organ baths can also be used to evaluate the toxic effects of drugs on specific organs or tissues. By exposing the isolated tissue to increasing concentrations of a drug, researchers can assess its potential to induce adverse reactions such as tissue damage, impaired function, or cytotoxicity. Drug Development: Isolated organ baths play a crucial role in the early stages of drug development by providing valuable data on the pharmacological properties and safety profile of new drug candidates. Pharmacologists use this information to prioritize lead compounds for further preclinical and clinical evaluation. Teaching and Research: Isolated organ baths are widely used in academic settings for teaching pharmacology principles and conducting research experiments. They provide students and researchers with hands-on experience in experimental pharmacology techniques, allowing them to explore the effects of drugs on biological systems in a laboratory setting. Overall, isolated organ baths are versatile tools that facilitate the study of drug effects on isolated tissues, providing valuable insights into pharmacological mechanisms, drug-receptor interactions, and potential therapeutic applications. They are indispensable instruments in pharmacological research and drug discovery efforts.
The Franz diffusion cell apparatus is a laboratory instrument used in pharmaceutical research to study the release of drugs or active ingredients from topical formulations, such as creams, gels, ointments, or transdermal patches, across biological membranes. Here's how it's used: In Vitro Drug Release Studies: The Franz diffusion cell apparatus is primarily employed for conducting in vitro drug release studies. It consists of two compartments separated by a biological membrane (usually animal or human skin), with the test formulation applied to one side (donor compartment) and a suitable receptor medium (often a buffer solution) in the other side (receptor compartment). Membrane Permeation Studies: The apparatus allows researchers to investigate the permeation of drugs or active ingredients through biological membranes, mimicking the conditions encountered in vivo. By monitoring the concentration of the drug in the receptor medium over time, researchers can quantify the rate and extent of drug permeation across the membrane. Formulation Optimization: Pharmaceutical scientists use the Franz diffusion cell apparatus to evaluate the performance of different topical formulations and optimize their composition for enhanced drug delivery. Factors such as the type of excipients, formulation viscosity, drug concentration, and pH can be varied to assess their impact on drug permeation and skin penetration. Transdermal Patch Evaluation: For transdermal drug delivery systems, such as patches, the Franz diffusion cell apparatus is instrumental in assessing the release kinetics and permeation characteristics of drugs through the skin. This information is crucial for designing patches with optimal drug delivery profiles and ensuring therapeutic efficacy. Skin Penetration Studies: In addition to drug release, the Franz diffusion cell apparatus can be used to investigate the penetration of drugs or active ingredients into different layers of the skin. By analyzing samples collected from various depths within the skin, researchers can assess the distribution and localization of the drug following topical application. Bioequivalence Studies: The Franz diffusion cell apparatus is also utilized in bioequivalence studies to compare the performance of generic and reference topical formulations. By measuring the rate and extent of drug release and permeation, researchers can determine whether the generic formulation is therapeutically equivalent to the reference product.
In pyrogen testing on rabbits, a telethermometer plays a crucial role in monitoring body temperature changes. Here's how it's used: Temperature Measurement: Pyrogen testing involves the administration of a test substance (e.g., potential pharmaceutical products or medical devices) to the rabbit, followed by monitoring for signs of fever (pyrexia). A telethermometer is used to continuously measure the rabbit's body temperature before and after the administration of the test substance. Baseline Measurement: Before conducting the test, baseline body temperature readings are taken to establish a reference point. This helps in identifying any deviations from the normal temperature range during the test period. Detection of Pyrogenic Response: Following the administration of the test substance, the rabbit's body temperature is monitored closely using the telethermometer. An increase in body temperature above a predefined threshold indicates a pyrogenic response, suggesting the presence of fever-inducing substances (pyrogens) in the test substance. Real-time Monitoring: A telethermometer allows for real-time monitoring of body temperature changes, providing researchers with immediate feedback on the rabbit's physiological response to the test substance. This enables prompt decision-making regarding the continuation or termination of the test based on the observed pyrogenic response. Data Recording and Analysis: Telethermometers often come with data recording capabilities, allowing researchers to log temperature measurements at regular intervals throughout the testing period. This data can be analyzed to assess the onset, duration, and magnitude of the pyrogenic response, aiding in the interpretation of test results. Animal Welfare: Continuous temperature monitoring with a telethermometer helps ensure the welfare of the test animals by enabling early detection of fever and prompt intervention if necessary. This minimizes potential discomfort or distress experienced by the animals during the testing process. Overall, the use of a telethermometer in pyrogen testing on rabbits enhances the accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of the testing procedure, ultimately contributing to the safety evaluation of pharmaceutical products and medical devices intended for human use.
Grip strength meters are commonly used in research settings to assess the muscular strength of rodents, including rats and mice. Here's how they are utilized: Muscular Function Assessment: Grip strength meters provide a quantitative measure of the muscular strength of rodents by assessing their ability to grasp and hold onto a horizontal bar or grid with their forelimbs. This measurement reflects the overall neuromuscular function and is particularly useful in studies focused on muscle physiology, aging, neuromuscular disorders, and drug efficacy testing. Phenotypic Characterization: Grip strength measurements can be used as part of phenotypic characterization in animal models. Differences in grip strength between groups of rodents, such as strains, genders, ages, or experimental conditions, can provide insights into genetic factors, aging processes, disease progression, or the effects of interventions. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders: Grip strength meters are valuable tools for studying neurological and neuromuscular disorders in rodents. Changes in grip strength can indicate motor deficits associated with conditions such as muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal cord injury, or peripheral neuropathy. Researchers can use grip strength measurements to track disease progression, evaluate therapeutic interventions, or screen potential drug candidates. Pharmacological Studies: Grip strength assessments are often included in pharmacological studies to evaluate the effects of drugs or treatments on muscular function. For example, researchers can investigate the impact of muscle relaxants, analgesics, or muscle-building agents on grip strength in rodent models. These studies help assess the safety and efficacy of therapeutic interventions targeting muscular function. Aging Research: Grip strength measurements are commonly used in aging research to assess age-related changes in muscular function and frailty in rodents. By longitudinally monitoring grip strength in aging animals, researchers can evaluate the progression of age-related decline in muscular strength and explore interventions to mitigate age-associated deficits. Overall, grip strength meters serve as valuable tools for assessing muscular function and studying a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions in rodent models, contributing to our understanding of neuromuscular biology and the development of therapeutic strategies.
Digital plethysmometers can indeed be used to measure edema in rodent models. Here's how they can be applied for this purpose: Paw Volume Measurement: One common method involves measuring changes in paw volume as an indicator of edema formation. The rodent's paw is placed in a chamber connected to the digital plethysmometer. By measuring the displacement of water or air caused by the paw, the instrument can accurately quantify changes in paw volume over time. Inflammatory Models: In research settings, edema is often induced by inflammatory stimuli such as carrageenan injection or trauma. Digital plethysmometers allow researchers to monitor the progression of edema by measuring changes in paw volume at various time points post-induction. Drug Screening: Researchers can use digital plethysmometers to evaluate the efficacy of anti-inflammatory drugs or compounds in reducing edema formation. By comparing paw volume measurements between treated and untreated groups, the effectiveness of potential therapeutics can be assessed. Genetic Studies: Digital plethysmometers are also useful in studying the genetic basis of edema formation. By comparing edema responses between different strains of rodents or genetically modified models, researchers can identify genes or pathways involved in regulating inflammation and fluid accumulation. Longitudinal Monitoring: Digital plethysmometers enable longitudinal monitoring of edema progression and resolution over time. This longitudinal approach provides valuable insights into the dynamics of edema formation and the temporal effects of interventions.
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MODEL RT 400 RT 600 Input Input Supply Voltage 415 V ± 10% 3Ph 50 Hz 415 V �± 10% 3Ph 50 Hz KVA (Max) 21.5 39 Primary Current 30A 55A Output Open Circuit Voltage 95 V 95 V Rated Current 400A 600A Max. Const. Hand Welding Current (60%) 400 A 600 A Max. Automatic Welding Current (100%) 310 A 470 A Current Range (A) 10-400 10-600 General Insulation Class H H Protection IP 23 IP 23 Type of Cooling Forced Air Forced Air Weight (approx) 112 kg 145 kg Dimensions (approx) Length (mm) 700 700 Width (mm) 400 500 Height (mm) 750 900
Frame: 27.5"x18", Alloy 6061 Battery: 36V DC, 9.54Ah, 2000 charging cycles, Panasonic Motor: 36 V DC, 250W brushless multi-speed, IP:54 Display: Advance multi functional LCD display showing speed, distance, cruise, trip, and digital lock, IP:65 Brakes: Double disk brakes, Shimano Tourney Suspension fork: Alloy outer legs, 100 mm travel with lock-out, SR SUNTOUR Mileage: Throttle mode: 40 km/charge e-cycling mode: 80 km/charge(Level 1) 60 km/charge(Level 5) Gears: 21 speed, Shimano Tourney Hub: Alloy with sealed bearing
