Emerson r48-2900u power module is a high reliability, high power density, high performance, full digital communication power rectifier module designed by Emerson to meet the network requirements of 3g, fttx, data communication equipment, transmission equipment and access equipment. The maximum output current is 50A and the maximum output power is 2900w. Emerson 48V/50A communication power module has two models: R48-2900U, R48-3200e, in which R48-2900U is standard rectifier module, efficiency is 92%; R48-3200e is high-efficiency rectifier module, efficiency is 96%. Customers can choose different modules according to the actual situation. Emerson R48-2900U communication power module, nominal output voltage 48V, nominal output current 50A. For Emerson PS48600-3/2900, PS48300-3B/2900, PS48600-3B/2900 communication power system. It is suitable for Emerson ps48600-3/2900, ps48300-3b/2900, ps48600-3b/2900 communication power supply system.
ICS T3404 T3401 T3310 T9431 T3160 T9432 1746-NI4 1746-NO4I TC-FXX102 TC-PPD011 TC-PRS021 1C31234G01 1C31223G01 1C31219G01
Battery Monitoring Module BMS100 can be used in various industrial automation measurement and control systems. It can measure 4-20mA and 0-5V transducer signal of pressure, temperature,current,etc.It can measure server room battery management and voltage of each battery in each group. 1.Acquisition 2/4 channels of analog input 4 ï½? 20mA, 0 ï½? 5V, optional; 2.Adopt 12-bit AD acquisition processing, high accuracy measurement; 3.Standard Modbus-RTU protocol; 4.RS-485 (RS-422 optional) communication interface with ESD protection circuit; 5.Wide working voltage DC9 ï½? 36V, with anti-reverse protection function ; 6.Using industrial-grade chip, built-in watchdog, and has perfect anti-lightning and anti-interference measures to ensure reliability; 7.Configurable maximum and minimum value of analog input, intelligent conversion of actual value, convenient for various analog measurement requirements; 8.Can measure 12 single battery voltages,several battery group and 1 total voltage; 9.It has 3 precision gears for different voltage ranges to improve the voltage measurement accuracy; 10.With LED light to indicate working status, easy to install and debug on site.
Board In PCB Connector Automotive Connector for Car 32pin, PBT GF, UL94V0
The Multi Axis Gun Drill Machine is mainly composed of a bed, a cooling station, a fixture, a left spindle unit, a right spindle unit, machine tool protection and other mechanical systems, hydraulic systems, and electrical control systems. The body of the multi-axis drilling machine is integrally cast from cast iron, which is artificially aged to eliminate the casting stress and has good rigidity and stability. The cooling station of the Multi Axis Gun Drill Machine is composed of a large cutting frame, a small cutting frame, an intermediate partition, and a vertical multistage centrifugal water pump. The returning coolant must pass through the large cutting frame, the small cutting frame, and the intermediate partition before it flows to the cooling pump, which ensures the quality of the coolant. The cooling pump adopts two high-pressure and large-lift dedicated cooling water pumps (vertical multi-stage centrifugal water pumps) to ensure sufficient cooling of the workpiece and tools during processing. The main shaft unit of the Multi Axis Gun Drill Machine is composed of a geared motor, a main shaft head, and a hydraulic sliding table. The power part of the multi-axis drilling machine uses a geared motor as the power of the drilling spindle, which has the characteristics of small body structure, stable operation and low noise. This equipment adopts a drilling spindle imported from Taiwan. The drilling spindle is an adjusting sleeve mechanism. It is lubricated with butter, which is easy to operate and set, and is convenient for maintenance. The sliding table is made of imported parts from Taiwan. The material of the sliding table is made of high-strength and tough cast iron and has been annealed; the sliding friction surface of the sliding table base is high-frequency heat-treated above HRC50, and ground processing, high precision and long life; the forward end of the sliding table has The stop bolt device, the adjustment amount is about 30mm, and the accuracy tolerance of the reciprocating stop position is within 0.02mm; the sliding table cylinder is built-in, and the back end has a buffer device to reduce the impact of rapid retreat; the sliding table has a lubrication device and The scraper can prevent foreign matter from entering the interior.
T12* SETTABLE ON/OFF LONG DURATION TIMER Can be set ON time & OFF time separately with relay O/P INR Rs 590/-
MOOREÂ AUTOMATIONÂ LIMITED is the world's leading provider of high quality industrial automation spare parts, whether it is a new spare parts, or outdated / discontinued parts, and the technology is dedicated to the normal operation of the enterprise at the best cost, the best quality and efficient way. Whether it is customer service, work efficiency or delivery speed, we always strive for excellence and to be better and better. Why Choose us We will provie you the product info and picuture 2.Large stock, fast delivery 3.Competitive prices and immdiate quotation 4.Professional service,professional technical support 5.Warranty time is one year. 6.Strict test machine before shipment. 7.We could help you to get any components which is difficult to get Main Products The advantage brands and series of our company are as follows: Honeywell Module DCS / PLC Emerson / Delta V Module ABB Input Output Module AB Module / Touch Screen GE/Fanuc IC69 Series PLC Bently Nevad 3500 system Yokogawa Pressure Transmitter Yaskawa Servo Drive / Servo Motor Delivery Time DHL,UPS,Fedex,EMS express shipping usually take 3-10 working days and China post Air Mail/HK post Air Mail shipping usually take 7-35 days depends on the country delivered to. In rare cases,the strict custom clearances will make the delivery time a bit longer,please be patient. Hot Sell JOHNSON CONTROLS E1071 OPERATOR PANEL JOHNSON CONTROLS YORK 33102550201 NSFS JOSLYN CLARK 6013U34 NSNP KAWASAKI 8MC562D-3CRAE-KJ1B (AS PICTURED) REMAN KAWASAKI 8MC562D-3CRAE-KJ1B REMAN KEB 05.F4.S1D-4A01/1.2 UNMP KEB 15.F4.C3E-4M00/1.3 UNMP KELVION FP10X20L-50 NSNP KEYENCE CV-200M NSMP KEYENCE LS-5041 NSMP KEYENCE SZ-04M NSMP KLINGER T50 NSNP KOMAX SYSTEMS IJP-HP-SP NSNP KONECRANES QR75237D1 HOIST BRAKE WHEEL NSNP KONTRON M2004HW REMAN KOOLTRONIC K2A4C2RP17R NSNP L&N 048192 NSMP LENZE E82EV153_4B201 UNMP LENZE GST05-2M VBR 090C32 NSNP LITHONIA LIGHTING WK-32 01-018585-00 NSNP MARKEM 001B95-271B9E UNMP MARKEM ENR0828252 PRINTHEAD MARKEM ME3509-191E TOUCH DRY CODER MEASUREX 05367600-DAS1128-12D15.200 PC BOARD MEASUREX 05367600-DAS1128-AFC5-12D15F REV.F PC BOARD MEASUREX 05367600-MP6812A-AFC5-1D15E REV.F PC BOARD MEASUREX 05367600-MP6812A-AFC5-1D15F PC BOARD MEMCOR HYDRO-GUARD HGPPE-1-30-SE DOE 8710043 MERLIN GERIN 17510 (PKG OF 12) NSFS MERLIN GERIN 17510 40A 230V (PKG OF 12) NSMP METRIX INSTRUMENT 5550-111-12 NSNP MILACRON 1-288-0028 UNMP MILLIPORE XIT4SPFCA01 NSFS MITSUBISHI E1071 TOUCHSCREEN OPERATOR PANEL INTERFACE MITSUBISHI FCAC64T NUMERICAL CONTROL SYSTEM (REPAIRED) MITSUBISHI FCAC64T UNMP MITSUBISHI FR-A540-5.5K MITSUBISHI FR-A540-5.5K INVERTER DRIVE MITSUBISHI HA-SA352 NSMP MITSUBISHI HC452BS NSNP MITSUBISHI HC453BS-SW NSMP
GE FANUC 531X179PLMAKG1 Brand GE FANUC � Product origin USA Warranty 1 year DO Supply Warranty Included Shipping Worldwide shipping via DHL, UPS, Fedex, and TNT Payment T/T shipping port XIAMEN, CHINA Quick responseï¼? 24/7 Online Service MORE PRODUCTS SANYO FPBA RECHARGEABLE LI-ION BATTERY NSD CORPORATION NCV-20NGNVP SANYO SDN-DR1-025 NSK ESA-Y2020TF1-11 SANYO DENKI L720-012EL8 NSK ESA-Y2020GF1-11 SANYO DENKI PMAPA1S6B01 NUMATICS R880-03F SANYO DENKI PYRG015K1XXVP00 OHM PS-20T-R SANYO DENKI R720-012E18 E681000C30 OKUMA E0227-702-009 SASH 4IK60A-BF-E10 OKUMA E0227-702-008 SAT FAS-1000MC OMEGA OM-400 440 SBE M68CPU CPU OPTILOGTC OL2108 SBS PMC-3101-BP OPTILOGTC OL2109 SCHENCK VIBRODAU 4000 PS-410 OPTILOGTC OL2208 SCHLEICHER SCTUST21 OPTIMATE OP-1500 SCHLEICHER USP2I OPTIMATE INTERFACE OP-1500 SCHMERSAL TA471-02/02Y-H-840 OPTO 22 001818K AC24 AT SCREEN KCPU0018-00 OPTO 23 SNAP B3000 BRAIN SCS UFS-22 OPTO 24 SNAP-AIV SENSAPHONE WEB600 FGD-W600 OPTO 25 SNAP-AIV-8 SENTRY VREL-11M OPTO 26 SNAP-LCM4 M4SENET-100 SENTRY COMMANDER PT40-H404-2-02C OPTO 27 SNAP-LCSX-PLUS SEPRI AZ0113.0 OPTO 28 SNAP-PS5 SERVOLAND SMCM4-AI ORMEC SAC-SW210/E SEW MDV60A0110-5A3-4-00 MDX60A0110-503-4-00 ORMEC SAC-SW217/EP SAC-SW217/E SHARP JW-22PU OXFORD TL4 1128-426 TL41128-426 SICK S30A-6011BA PACIFIC SCIENTIFIC 6410-007-N-N-N
We are one of the largest distributor of PLC,controller,frequency inverter,converter,servo motor,touch screen,display,drive,software.input module,output module and modulating control system. Contact:Finney Phone: +86 18060985064 Skype:+ 8618060985064 WhatsAppï¼?+8618060985064 WeChatï¼?+8618060985064 QQ: 1984019692 E-mail:sales12@htechplc.com Quantity available: 1 Warranty: In excellent condition 12 months. Lead time: 1-2 working days. Terms of payment:T/T and Western Union. 24 hours on call:+86 18060985064 If i don't pick up,please add my Skype:18060985064 You are also welcome to send email directly:sales12@htechplc.com Our Advantage: Xiamen Huge Electric Automation Co., Ltd one of the biggest distributor of automation control system module and spare parts in China. We can work together to win the order. For our 1st cooperation,you`ll get my rock-bottom price. I`ll do my best to help you win the order We have experienced staff, extensive testing , all the spare parts which we sold are with warranty period of one year, and they have undergone rigorous testing and certification! If you have any questions or needs, please do not hesitate to contact me If you have any questions or needs, please do not hesitate to contact me We have a full range of products and also supply the following products HONEYWELLï¼? 900C52-0021-0+A+A1:A22 50001439-250 620-0080 620-3033 053629-00 627-7030 30755153-02 900C51-0001 900C52-0001 620-1537 82408217-001 R7510-B10034 XC5010B2 82408217-001 053-29201 630-3499 900C32-0243-00 620-1536 51453322-001 900C32-014200 900RR0-0001 30731832-507 900C32-014100 XF523A R7510-B1003-4
Guarantee & Returns 1. All products we sell are 100% New original Package.in good condition and will be examed before they are shipped. We will try our best to avoid any quality problems. 2. We offer 12 month warranty after receiving parcels. If there are some workmanship or material defects with the products, please contact us firstly, we will exchange it� or offer other solutions for you to make a choice. 3. The shipping and handling charge is not refundable and customer should be responsible for all the charges of unreasonable returning and reshipping. All return items� must be in good condition. They must under resalable condition. Man-made defects are not guaranteed, such as broken, scratched and so on. Thanks for understanding and cooperation! GE IC697BEM711G GE 713IC697BEM713F GE IC697CMM711A GE IC200ALG322E GE IC200CHS001K GE IC200GBI001EF GE IC200MDL240D GE IC200MDL330F GE IC200CHS001K GE IC200MDL940E GE IC200PWR101C GE IC200PWR102E GE IC610MDL175A Ge IC693ALG220C GE IC693ALG221F GE IC693ALG221G GE IC693ALG221J GE IC693ALG222C GE IC693ALG391E GE IC693CHS391J GE IC693CHS392D GE IC693CHS392F GE IC693CHS392G GE IC693CMM311F GE IC693CMM311L GE IC693MDL240E GE IC693MDL240G GE IC693MDL632D GE IC693MDL734D GE IC693MDL740C GE IC693MDL740F GE IC693MDL742D GE IC697MDL340 GE CR104PBT11R1S2 GLI T53A4A1N GO Regulator H2-1Z55C3D111 Honeywell 51304650-100 Honeywell 51303985 300 Honeywell 51304489-100 Honeywell STT350-1-EP00-TCTC-0 Honeywell YSTR94G-11 ST300 S900 Hydac 1.11.13D06EC0/C/-V NEW Indelac SR7BF05-5-2S 1.5" Pentium II 80522PX266512 Ives Valves 150DCDC2B11A1-138 Kalpana 10982-00 Kay FGOGST0010NOOS Liebert MP115A Magnetrol 705-510A-310/7EA-N630-136 Malema M-50-0#-S-DT-X Marley A86794 Maxon CI SL CI-1BA0-00000-00-00 Metso A413285 02 21662457 Metso A413294 05 21574983 METTLER TOLEDO E12665900A Motorola NTN7394B Motorola TRN5686APR Motorola TLN2591A Motorola TRN8661A Motorola TRN9968A Motorola TRN9968A Motorola TRN5885A Motorola TRN866B Motorola AA16742 Honeywell YSTR94G-11 Norhtern Telecom NT8D09AK Nortel Telecom NT8D02AB Nortel Telecom NT8D02EA Nortel Telecom NT8D02EA Nortel Telecom NT8D02EB Northern Telecom NT8D09AK Northern Telecom NT8D09AL Northstar HSD380240812500 NSF A151-85S N-Tron 405TX Numatics NAG321402N000P Octel A 044 2540 001 Card Omron C200H-BC051-V2 Omron C200H-IA121 Omron C200H-OC224 Pall HC9600FKN16H Peabody 230/115/1ph/50/60HZ ProSwitch QS5108 PSG LIM AH11 RCM 1 1/2-81-L-60GPM-EK Ronan X87 300 GP RSO R12 Sartorius PR 5610/22 X5 Siemens 6ES7-195-7HA00-0XA0 Siemens 6ES7-195-7HB00-0XA0 Siemens 6ES7-332-1EH01-0AA0 Signal C2M-4 IC2 Square D A 4319-S1 Square D GJL36007M02 STI 43946-1020 STI MC47-20-975-R StoneL QX2HB02SDA-SPX13 SVF CF8M 1000 Swagelok SS-M3NBFL-G TCS TCS/1200 H7 R UNICAP A1 50-16162-01 Unicom FEP-93104T-T Wallace & Tiernan 32E093SSXX2X
Guarantee & Returns 1. All products we sell are 100% New original Package.in good condition and will be examed before they are shipped. We will try our best to avoid any quality problems. 2. We offer 12 month warranty after receiving parcels. If there are some workmanship or material defects with the products, please contact us firstly, we will exchange it� or offer other solutions for you to make a choice. 3. The shipping and handling charge is not refundable and customer should be responsible for all the charges of unreasonable returning and reshipping. All return items� must be in good condition. They must under resalable condition. Man-made defects are not guaranteed, such as broken, scratched and so on. Thanks for understanding and cooperation! Foxboro P0960JA-0F Foxboro P0960JA-0J Foxboro P0960JA-0K Foxboro P0500RG Foxboro P0960HA-0N Foxboro P0960HA-0R Foxboro P0960HA-0S Foxboro P0400CV-0C Foxboro P0400YC-0V Foxboro P0400YD Foxboro P0400YE 0J Foxboro P0400YE 0K Foxboro P0400YE Foxboro P0400YH Foxboro P0901XT-C Foxboro P0902XA Foxboro P0902XA-0H Foxboro P0902XA-0J Foxboro P0904AU Foxboro P0926DF-0B Foxboro P0960AH-0C Foxboro P0960HA-0L Foxboro P0960JA-0D Foxboro P0961AA Foxboro P0971UC 0 Foxboro 870ITPH FYFNZ 7 Foxboro DM400YL-0E Foxboro P0903ZE Foxboro P0912CA Foxboro P0960AW Foxboro P0970BC Foxboro P0971WV GE CR205E0
PRO-EARTH is produced to reduce earth resistance, improve grounding effectiveness and impedance measurements. Has non-corrosive and bentonie based structure and Installed in all soil conditions.
Part Number: 177313-01-01 Ordering Information Model: 177313 - Electric Driven TK-3e Scale Units: 01 - English Power Cord Type: 01 - American The TK-3 Proximity System Test Kit simulates shaft vibration and position for calibrating Bently Nevada monitors. It verifies the operating condition of the monitor readouts as well as the condition of the proximity transducer system. A properly calibrated system ensures that the transducer inputs and the resulting monitor readings are accurate. The TK-3 uses a removable spindle micrometer assembly to check the transducer system and position monitor calibration. This assembly features a universal probe mount that will accommodate probe diameters from 5 mm to 19mm (0.197 in to 0.75 in). The mount holds the probe while the user moves the target toward or away from the probe tip in calibrated increments and records the output from the Proximitor* Sensor using a voltmeter. The spindle micrometer assembly also features a convenient magnetic base for ease of use in the field. Vibration monitors are calibrated using the motor-driven wobble plate. A swingarm assembly located over the wobble plate holds the proximity probe in place. This assembly uses a universal probe mount, identical to that used with the spindle micrometer assembly. By using the absolute scale factor of the proximity probe in conjunction with a multimeter, the user adjusts the probe to find a position where the desired amount of mechanical vibration (as determined by peak-to-peak DC voltage output) is present. No oscilloscope is needed. The user can then compare a vibration monitorâ??s reading to the known mechanical vibration signal input viewed by the proximity probe. The mechanical vibration signal from the TK-3 can range from 50 to 254 �¼m (2 to 10 mils) peak-to-peak. Estimated Lead Time: In stock. Usually ships in 5 - 7 working days. Shipping Weight: 6 Kg
Part Number: TREXCFPKLWS3S Ordering Information Model: TREX - Base Trex Platform (1) Communication Module: C - Device Communicator communication module Applications: F - HART Application F HART + Foundation Fieldbus Applications (2) Power Module Type: P - Rechargeable Li-Ion Power Module Product Certifications: KL - ATEX, CSA (US/Canada) and IECEx Intrinsically Safe (includes FISCO as applicable) Radio Options: W - Wireless (3) Support (4): S3 - Standard Support (3 Year) (5) Carrying Case: S - Carrying Case (6) Includes AC Adapter, USB Cable, Lead Set with connectors, Hand Strap, Quick Start Guide and Resource DVD. ValveLink Mobile application available at no charge once Trex unit is activated. Includes Foundation Fieldbus Power Plug when ordered with Device Communicator Plus communication module (L). Includes Bluetooth, WiFi, and NFC radios. Available only in countries where spectrum approval has been obtained. See www.emerson.com/trex for additional details. Includes 1 year warranty against manufacturing defects unless otherwise stated. Includes technical support and software updates. Leave blank for no carrying case.
Huge Technology Automation Co.Limited it is a leading global supplier of control system components. We specialize in control systems and drives. With many years of experience in the industrial sector, we consistently deliver the highest quality of spare parts. We have tens of thousands of spare parts and spare parts warehouse . Products and services to serve for installing of users control system, Distributed control systems, programmable controllers, panel controller and drive! * Our mission is to help you! * Reduced maintenance costs! We have a large inventory of control system components. We also made a lot of new hardware and discontinued spare parts to help supporting your existing control systems. We have experienced staff, extensive testing , all the spare parts which we sold are with warranty period of one year, and they have undergone rigorous testing and certification! You might find you need spare parts in our data, we welcome you give valuable suggestions to us with our products at any time, . We have a lot of spare parts in stock currently,they are ready to be shipped. If you order more than one item, please contact us, we can offer further discounts for you. If you find other suppliers offer cheaper prices for the same product, we are also willing to provide you with reference to their priceand give you further discounts. If you have any other questions, please contact us at any time. Waiting for your inquiry. Advantage brands ABB : TU812V1 TU813 TU814V1 TU830V1 TU831V1 TU833 TU835V1 TU836V1 TU837V1 TU838 TU839 TU842 TU843 TU844 TU845 TU890 TY801K01 TY804K01 AI801 AO801
We are one of the largest distributor of PLC,controller,frequency inverter,converter,servo motor,touch screen,display,drive,software.input module,output module and modulating control system. Contact:Finney Phone: +86 18060985064 Skype:+ 8618060985064 WhatsAppï¼?+8618060985064 WeChatï¼?+8618060985064 QQ: 1984019692 E-mail:sales12@htechplc.com Quantity available: 1 Warranty: In excellent condition 12 months. Lead time: 1-2 working days. Terms of payment:T/T and Western Union. 24 hours on call:+86 18060985064 If i don't pick up,please add my Skype:18060985064 You are also welcome to send email directly:sales12@htechplc.com Our Advantage: Xiamen Huge Electric Automation Co., Ltd one of the biggest distributor of automation control system module and spare parts in China. We can work together to win the order. For our 1st cooperation,you`ll get my rock-bottom price. I`ll do my best to help you win the order We have experienced staff, extensive testing , all the spare parts which we sold are with warranty period of one year, and they have undergone rigorous testing and certification! If you have any questions or needs, please do not hesitate to contact me If you have any questions or needs, please do not hesitate to contact meï¼? We have a full range of products and also supply the following products HIMAï¼? Vibro Meter VM600 MPC4 200-510-071-113 Vibro Meter S3960 224-124-000-021 Vibro Meter VM600 RPS 6U 200-582-500-013 Vibro Meter VM600 CPU M 200-595-067-114 Vibro Meter VM600 RPS 6U 200-582-500-013 VIBRO METER IOC4T VIBRO METER RLC16 VIBRO METER 244-620-000-201/99/05/01/01 VIBRO METER GSI-122 VIBRO METER 144-164-000-021 VIBRO METER GSI130 VIBRO METER 111-103-000-01X?/00-44-12-00 VIBRO METER RLC16 VIBRO METER IOCN VIBRO METER VM600-CSA VIBRO METER RPS-6U VIBRO METER MPC-4 VIBRO METER IOC16T VIBRO METER CMC16 VIBRO METER IOC4T VIBRO METER 214-112-002-012 HIMA F3001 HIMA F3211 HIMA F3246A HIMA F5109B HIMA F6706 HIMA F7113 HIMA F7114 HIMA F7130A HIMA F7132 HIMA F7529 HIMA F8623B HIMA F8627 HIMA F8650E HIMA F3221 HIMA F3226 HIMA F3226A HIMA F3236 HIMA F3318 HIMA F3322 HIMA F3330 HIMA F3331 HIMA F3332 HIMA F3414 HIMA F6214 HIMA F6217 HIMA F6220 HIMA F7102 HIMA F7105A HIMA F7126 HIMA F7130 HIMA F7131 HIMA F7133 HIMA F7553 HIMA F8620 HIMA F8620/11 HIMA F8621/A HIMA F8640 HIMA F8641 HIMA F8650X HIMA ZBT-F 9402
We are one of the largest distributor of PLC,controller,frequency inverter,converter,servo motor,touch screen,display,drive,software.input module,output module and modulating control system.
1.All products we sell are 100% New Original Factory packing in good condition and have been tested before they are shipped. We will try our best to avoid any quality problems. 2.We will offer the technical support by experienced staff, which have undergone rigorous testing and certification! Contact
We are one of the largest distributor of PLC,controller,frequency inverter,converter,servo motor,touch screen,display,drive,software.input module,output module and modulating control system.Cable of brands ALLEN-BRADLEY,ABB,GE,FANUC,TRICONEX,OMRON,SCHEIDER,SIEMENS,BENTILY,WESTINGHOUSE AND FOXBORO in China. Our best price products as bellow: Please check if anything interesting to you and if quote need. Please don't hesitate to contact me as per following methods:
We are one of the largest distributor of PLC,controller,frequency inverter,converter,servo motor,touch screen,display,drive,software.input module,output module and modulating control system.Cable of brands ALLEN-BRADLEY,ABB,GE,FANUC,TRICONEX,OMRON,SCHEIDER,SIEMENS,BENTILY,WESTINGHOUSE AND FOXBORO in China. Our best price products as bellow: Please check if anything interesting to you and if quote need. Please don't hesitate to contact me as per following methods:
