Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance taste, appearance, or other sensory qualities.
such as sucralose ,vanilla powder,vanillin,and so on
Modern mineral base oils are the result of a long and complex distillation and refining processes. The feedstock used is crude oil. This substance is not of uniform quality but consists of several thousands of hydrocarbon compounds in which the elements carbon and hydrogen are present in all molecules and, in part, are bound to other elements.
The hydrocarbons can be divided into three main groups: paraffinic, naphthenic and aromatic. Paraffinic hydrocarbons can be further divided into two subgroups: normal paraffinic and iso- paraffinic.
Paraffinic hydrocarbons are the best lubricants. The distillation process in the refinery separates the hydrocarbons contained in the crude into cuts based on the molecule size.
Furthermore, as many unwanted substances as possible are removed in the process, such as sulphur, aromatic hydrocarbons, paraffin wax, etc. In other words the mineral oil production process is physical cleaning and the end product is so-called paraffinic base oil.
Most of the hydrocarbons in the base oil are paraffinic, but it also contains naphthenic and aromatic molecules. When the finished lubricant, such as motor oil, is made of these, several additive compounds are used to improve the base oil properties.
The final outcome can also be so-called naphthenic base oil, where most of the hydrocarbons are naphthenic. Their cold properties are excellent.
What Are Bakery Additives?
Bakery additives are essential ingredients that improve the quality, texture, shelf life, and performance of baked goods. These additives help optimize dough structure, enhance fermentation, improve softness, and prevent staling.
There are several types of bakery additives used in industrial and commercial baking, including:
Baking Enzymes - Natural catalysts that improve dough processing and enhance texture.
Flour Improvers - Enhance flour properties for better elasticity, volume, and crumb structure.
Dough Conditioners - Strengthen gluten structure and optimize water absorption.
Preservatives & Emulsifiers - Extend shelf life and improve dough stability.
Saltech Premium is a technological preservative additives intended for feeds and ingredients, aimed at ensuring efficient microbiological control and preventing the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi that can compromise the quality and safety of feeds.
Sodium polyacrylate is a white powder. Odorless and tasteless. Very hygroscopic. Polymer compounds with hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups. Slowly dissolves in water to form a very viscous transparent liquid. The viscosity of its 0.5% solution is about Paâ?¢s. The viscosity is not caused by water absorption and swelling (such as CMC, sodium alginate), but due to the many anionic groups in the molecule. The ionic phenomenon causes the molecular chain to grow and the viscosity increases to form a highly viscous solution. Its viscosity is about 15-20 times that of CMC and sodium alginate. Heat treatment, neutral salts, and organic acids have little effect on its viscosity, but when it is alkaline, the viscosity increases. Insoluble in organic solvents such as ethanol. Strong heat to 300 degrees does not decompose. The long-term viscosity changes very little, and it is not easy to decay. Because it is an electrolyte, it is susceptible to the influence of acid and metal ions, and the viscosity is reduced.
Sodium Stearate
Sodium stearate is a white oily powder with a slippery feel and fatty odor.
Soluble in hot water or hot alcohol.
The aqueous solution is alkaline due to hydrolysis and the alcoholic solution is neutral. Produced by the interaction of octadecanoic acid and sodium hydroxid.
Used in toothpaste manufacturing, also used as water repellent and plastic stabilizer.
Capsicum Oleoresin is prepared by extracting the crushed capsicum (Capsicum Annum Linn) with volatile solvents by percolation method. It contains the pungent principles, capsicin not less that 8 percent. It also contains the red colouring matter called Capsanthin. This product is a powerful irritant and a carminative, which is also used as a counter irritant in lumbago and neuralgia. It can also be used to treat stomach ache that involves poorly functioning stomach muscles and as an antibacterial agents.
Extraction of oleoresin capsicum from peppers involves finely ground capsicum, from which capsaicin is extracted in an organic solvent such as ethanol. The solvent is then evaporated, and the remaining wax like resin is the oleoresin capsicum. An emulsifier such as propylene glycol is used to suspend the OC in water, and pressurized to make it aerosol in pepper spray. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method is used to measure the amount of capsaicin within pepper sprays. Scoville Heat Units (SHU) are used to measure the concentration or "heat" of pepper spray.
A synthetic analogue of capsaicin, pelargonic acid vanillylamide (desmethyldihydrocapsaicin), is used in another version of pepper spray known as PAVA spray which is used in the United Kingdom. Another synthetic counterpart of pepper spray, pelargonic acid morpholide, was developed and is widely used in Russia. Its effectiveness compared to natural pepper spray is unclear.
Pepper spray typically comes in canisters, which are often small enough to be carried or concealed in a pocket or purse. Pepper spray can also be bought concealed in items such as rings. There are also pepper spray projectiles available, which can be fired from a paintball gun. It has been used for years against demonstrators.
Derived from chilli peppers, oleoresin capsicum is the active ingredient in pepper spray and in some topical pain relievers.
Ginger root
Botanical name: Zingiber officinale Linn.
Family: Zingiberaceae.
Ginger oil and oleoresins are the volatile oil derived by steam distillation of ginger and oleoresin. It is obtained by percolating the powdered rhizomes of Ginger, Zingiber officinale with volatile solvents. Ginger contains 1-2 percent of volatile oil, 5-8 percent of pungent acrid oleoresin and starch. Zingiberene is the chief constituent in the oil of ginger. Oil is employed for flavoring all kinds of food products and confectionary and finds limited use in perfumery. Oleoresin, commercially called Gingerin contains pungent principles viz. gingerol and shogaol apart from the volatile oil of ginger and is used as an aromatic, carminative, stomachic and as a stimulant.
Oleoresin from ginger is obtained conventionally by extraction of dried powdered ginger with organic solvents like ethyl acetate, ethanol or acetone. Commercial dried ginger yields 3.5-10.0 per cent oleoresin. Ginger oleoresin is a dark brown viscous liquid responsible for the flavour and pungency of the spice.
Ginger of commerce or `Adrak` is the dried underground stem or rhizome of the plant, which constitutes one of the five most important major spices of India, standing third or fourth, competing with chillies, depending upon fluctuations in world market prices, world market demand and supply position.
Ginger, like cinnamon, clove and pepper, is one of the most important and oldest spices. It consists of the prepared and sun dried rhizomes known in trade as `hands` and `races` which are either with the outer brownish cortical layers (coated or unscraped), or with outer peel or coating partially or completely removed.
Ginger requires a warm and humid climate. It is cultivated from sea level to an altitude of 1500 meters, either under heavy rainfall conditions of 150 to 300 cm or under irrigation. The crop can thrive well in sandy or clayey loam or lateritic soils.
The composition of dry ginger is given below:
Dry Ginger rootMoisture:6.9 %
Protein:8.6 %
Fat:6.4 %
Fiber:5.9 %
Carbohydrates:66.5 %
Ash:5.7 %
Calcium:0.1 %
Phosphorous:.15 %
Iron:0.011 %
Sodium:0.03 %
Potassium:1.4 %
Vitamin A:175 I.U./100 g
Vitamin B1:0.05 mg/100 g
Vitamin B2:0.13 mg/100 g
Niacin:1.9 mg/100 g
Vitamin C:12.0 mg/100 g
Calorific value:380 calories/100 g.
Ginger Oleoresin is obtained by extraction of powdered dried ginger with suitable solvents like alcohol, acetone etc. Unlike volatile oil, it contains both the volatile oil and the non-volatile pungent principles for which ginger is so highly esteemed. Concentration of the acetone extract under vacuum and on complete removal of even traces of the solvent used, yields the so called oleoresin of ginger. Ginger oleoresin is manufactured on a commercial scale in India and abroad and is in great demand by the various food industries.
The Jalapeno is variously named in Mexico as huachinango and chile gordo. The cuaresmeno closely resembles the Jalapeno. The seeds of a cuaresmeno have the heat of a Jalapeno, but the flesh has a mild flavor close to a green bell pepper.
As of 1999, 5,500 acres (22 km2) in the United States were dedicated to the cultivation of Jalapeno s. Most Jalapeno s are produced in southern New Mexico and western Texas.
Jalapeno s are a pod type of Capsicum. The growing period is 70–80 days. When mature, the plant stands two and a half to three feet tall. Typically a plant produces twenty-five to thirty-five pods. During a growing period, a plant will be picked multiple times. As the growing season ends, Jalapeno s start to turn red.
Once picked, individual peppers ripen to red of their own accord. The peppers can be eaten green or red.
Jalapenos have 2,500 - 8,000 Scoville heat units. Compared to other chillies, the Jalapeno has a heat level that varies from mild to hot depending on cultivation and preparation. The heat, caused by capsaicin and related compounds, is concentrated in the veins (placenta) surrounding the seeds, which are called picante. Handling fresh Jalapeno s may cause skin irritation. Some handlers wear latex or vinyl gloves while cutting, skinning, or seeding Jalapeno s. When preparing Jalapeno s, hands should not come in contact with the eyes as this leads to burning and redness.
Jalapeno is of Nahuatl and Spanish origin. The Spanish suffix -eno signifies that the noun originates in the place modified by the suffix, similar to the English - (i) an. The Jalapeno is named after the Mexican town of Xalapa (also spelled Jalapa). Xalapa is itself of Nahuatl derivation, formed from roots xal-li "sand" and a-pan "water place."
A Jalapeno plant with pods. The purple strips on the stem are anthocyanin, due to the growth under blue-green spectrum fluorescent lighting.
Five Jalapeno peppers.
- A chipotle is a smoked, ripe Jalapeno.
- Jalapeno jelly can be prepared using jellying methods.
- Jalapeno peppers are often muddled and served in mixed drinks.
- Texas Toothpicks are Jalapeno s and onions shaved into straws, lightly breaded, and deep fried.
- Jalapeno Poppers, also called Armadillo eggs, are an appetizer; Jalapeno s are stuffed with cheese, usually cheddar or cream cheese, breaded and deep fried.
Sodium Stearate
Sodium stearate is a white oily powder with a slippery feel and fatty odor.
Soluble in hot water or hot alcohol.
The aqueous solution is alkaline due to hydrolysis and the alcoholic solution is neutral. Produced by the interaction of octadecanoic acid and sodium hydroxid.
Used in toothpaste manufacturing, also used as water repellent and plastic stabilizer.
