Acetamiprid is an organic compound with the chemical formula C10H11ClN4. It is an odorless neonicotinoid insecticide produced under the trade names Assail, and Chipco by Aventis CropSciences. It is systemic and intended to control sucking insects (Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, mainly aphids[1]) on crops such as leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, pome fruits, grapes, cotton, cole crops, and ornamental plants. It is also a key pesticide in commercial cherry farming due to its effectiveness against the larvae of the cherry fruit fly.
English Translation Product Name: high quality foldable galvanized pallet collar hinge for wooden box Material: Galvanized Iron Plate Surface treatment: Galvanized Weight: 0.28 kg/PCS MOQ: 1000 Pairs Certification: ISO9001: 2015 Service: Support OEM Logo Size: 220x80x1.2mm Used for: wood tray Length: 220mm
English Translation Product Name: high quality foldable galvanized pallet collar hinge for wooden box Material: Galvanized Iron Plate Surface treatment: Galvanized Weight: 0.28 kg/PCS MOQ: 1000 Pairs Certification: ISO9001: 2015 Service: Support OEM Logo Size: 220x80x1.2mm Used for: wood tray Length: 220mm
English Translation Product Name: high quality foldable galvanized pallet collar hinge for wooden box Material: Galvanized Iron Plate Surface treatment: Galvanized Weight: 0.28 kg/PCS MOQ: 1000 Pairs Certification: ISO9001: 2015 Service: Support OEM Logo Size: 220x80x1.2mm Used for: wood tray Length: 220mm
English Translation Product Name: high quality foldable galvanized pallet collar hinge for wooden box Material: Galvanized Iron Plate Surface treatment: Galvanized Weight: 0.28 kg/PCS MOQ: 1000 Pairs Certification: ISO9001: 2015 Service: Support OEM Logo Size: 220x80x1.2mm Used for: wood tray Length: 220mm
English Translation Product Name: high quality foldable galvanized pallet collar hinge for wooden box Material: Galvanized Iron Plate Surface treatment: Galvanized Weight: 0.28 kg/PCS MOQ: 1000 Pairs Certification: ISO9001: 2015 Service: Support OEM Logo Size: 220x80x1.2mm Used for: wood tray Length: 220mm
Product Name: Wheat bran granulated in bulk Specifications: Color: red-yellow with and a little gray Taste: typical for wheat bran, free of foreign matter Smell: typical for wheat bran, free of foreign matter Moisture: max 15,0% Protein: min 14% Raw cellulose: max 9% Size of the granules: 8-12 mm Non-GMO Shipping Terms: CIF or FOB (Kherson) Payment Terms: To be discussed with buyers Contact: Olha Kaban
China overhead line fittings, crafted from iron or aluminum, secure and support conductors in power lines. Various hardware types include clamps for wire installation, hanging rings for insulator strings, crimping and repair tubes for wire connections, and spacer bars for split wires. In addition, cable fittings for pole towers are utilized. These components not only fix and support wires but also assemble suspension insulators into strings, connecting and hanging them on tower cross arms. Design and manufacturing considerations prioritize strength, stiffness, and wear resistance for long-term use. Selection and configuration of hardware must align with specific line conditions to ensure the safe and stable operation of overhead lines. Installation Guide for Overhead Power Line Accessories There are 5 steps for the installation of electrical overhead line fittings: Preparation and Planning: Conduct a comprehensive site assessment considering terrain, weather, and load requirements. Assembly and Inspection: Assemble fittings according to manufacturer guidelines, ensuring all bolts and connections are securely tightened. Lifting and Attachment: Lift and position assembled fittings onto poles or towers, using appropriate lifting equipment. Alignment and Tensioning: Verify alignment and adjust if necessary. Final Checks and Documentation: Conduct thorough quality checks, addressing any issues identified during the inspection. The components of an overhead line, a crucial element in power transmission and distribution, consist of a well-coordinated system of essential elements designed to efficiently transport electrical energy from generation sources to end-users. At its core, an overhead line typically comprises conductors, supporting structures, insulators, and associated hardware. Conductors form the backbone of the overhead line, serving as the pathway for electricity to flow. These conductors are often made of aluminum or copper, chosen for their excellent conductivity and durability. Supporting structures, such as poles or towers, play a critical role in elevating the conductors above the ground and maintaining the required clearance. The design and placement of these structures are essential to ensure the stability and reliability of the overhead line. Insulators, often made of ceramic or composite materials, are strategically placed to electrically isolate the conductors from the supporting structures, preventing unintended paths for current flow. This is crucial for maintaining the integrity and safety of the system. Additionally, associated hardware such as clamps, connectors, and fittings are employed to secure and connect various components of the overhead line, ensuring a robust and reliable transmission network.
Product Info for Nikon 7576 Monarch 5 8x42 Binocular Made to handle low light conditions with ease, Nikon Monarch 5 8x42 Binoculars combines high tech ED (extra-low dispersion) glass with fully multicoated Eco-Glass lenses, for a pair of top-grade binoculars that will deliver images that are extremely lifelike in color and detail. The Nikon 8x42 Monarch 5 Binocular also features a lightweight design, turn-and-slide rubber eyecups and long eye relief for comfortable use, even when used all day. Nikon Monarch 5 Waterproof Binoculars are Nitrogen filled and O-Ring sealed for complete waterproof and fogproof performance.Nikon Monarch 5 8x42 Shock-resistant Binoculars designed for performance and features such as the smooth-turning central focus knob exemplify the simple and intuitive design, bringing objects into focus with ease. The turn-and-slide rubber eyecups allow users to adjust the eye-relief for a custom fit - providing a full field of view and maximum comfort during extended periods of use. Built to handle any environment, theNikon Monarch V 8x42mm Binoculars have rubber-armored coating to withstand extreme use and provide a non-slip grip, even in the wettest conditions. Almost a full ounce lighter than its predecessors, Nikon Monarch 5 8x42 Hiking Binoculars is even easier to take with you on your next outing. Specifications for Nikon 7576 Monarch 5 8x42 Binocular: Color: Black Magnification: 8 x Objective Lens Diameter: 42 mm Prism System: Roof Prism Material: BAK-4 Eye Relief: 19.5 mm Exit Pupil: 5.25 mm Field of View, Linear: 330 ft at 1000 yds Field of View, Angle: 6.3 degrees Binoculars Focus System: Center Focus Close Focus: 7.8 ft Water Resistance Level: Waterproof Length: 6.97 in Weight: 31.89 oz Magnification Type: Fixed Fogproof: Yes Armoring: Polycarbonate Body Eyecups Types: Multi-Position Twist lock Brightness Index: 28.1 Features of Nikon Monarch 5 Waterproof Binoculars: Nikon ED Glass Portable - lightweight and small High-Eyepoint Design Fully Multicoated Eco-Glass Lenses for greater light transmission Rich, Accurate Colors - Dielectric High-Reflective Multilayer Prism Coating Turn-and-Slide Rubber Eyecups Durable Rubber-Armored Body Smooth Central Focus Knob Waterproof and Fogproof Package Contents: Nikon Monarch V 8x42mm Binoculars
Product Description Product Info for Swarovski 10x25 CL Pocket Mountain Binoculars (Green, Mountain Accessory Package) The Swarovski Optik 10x25 CL Pocket Binoculars are a lightweight optic with the quality construction and viewing precision that nature enthusiasts have come to expect from the brand. They feature a dual-hinge bridge that allows the optical barrels to fold tightly underneath for space-saving compact footprint that can easily fit in a pocket, pack, or purse. The folding bridge design also yields a broad 51-74mm interpupillary distance, so the binoculars are comfortable for a wide range of adults and children. High-quality glass bearing Swarovski's SWAROBRIGHT, SWAROTOP, and SWARODUR lens coatings deliver a crisp image with accurate color rendition across the entire field of view. The optical tubes are nitrogen-filled to prevent internal fogging from condensation and submersible to a depth of 13'. This model of the Pocket CL comes with the Mountain accessory packageâ??a rope-style neck strap and an orange carry case. Optical Performance 10x magnification 25mm objectives Compact roof prism optical path Highly reflective SWAROBRIGHT prism coating optimizes color representation and contrast Anti-reflection SWAROTOP lens coating reduces glare and improves contrast, color rendition, and clarity Scratch-resistant SWARODUR coatings protect exterior lens surfaces 294' field of view at 1000 yards Use and Handling Closed-bridge/dual-hinge configuration Recessed center focus wheel with raised ridges to more easily control the focus precision �±5 right eye dioptric correction 51-74mm interpupillary adjustment range accommodates a wide variety of users from children to adults Twist-up eyecups for comfortable use with or without eyewear Long 17mm eye relief Comfortable 2.5mm exit pupil Construction Details Dual hinges on the bridge allow the optical tubes to fold tight underneath for an extremely compact form factor when closed Lightweight and durable aluminum-alloy chassis Inert gas filled and O-ring sealed to be waterproof and resistant to internal fogging when moving through extreme temperature changes or environmental conditions Waterproof to a depth of 13' Protective rubber armoring with textured palm pads provides a comfortable slip-resistant grip Broad -13 to 131�°F operating temperature range Compact 4.3 x 4" footprint Lightweight: 12.3 ounces
bestscooterstore * com Product Description TREK FX SPORT CARBON 4 DISC HYBRID BIKE 2021 A sporty hybrid bike that prioritises comfort and performance equally Perfect for big miles on the road with flat-bar control and convenience Trek 400 series OCLV Carbon frame with IsoSpeed shock absorption for a reactive but comfortable ride Stable but sporty geometry allows vast mileage to be covered quickly but confidently Robust alloy wheelset shod with slick tyres is smooth rolling but strong Shimano GRX 11-speed gears to conquer any topography Shimano hydraulic disc brake system affords accurate and powerful stopping power Bontrager finishing kit ensures a reliable and serene ride SPECIFICATION Frame Trek 400 series OCLV carbon, IsoSpeed, internal routing, 3s chain keeper, DuoTrap S-compatible, mudguard mounts, flat-mount disc, 142x12 mm thru-axle Fork Trek FX Carbon, threadless alloy steerer, hidden mudguard mounts, flat-mount disc, 405mm axle-to-crown, 100x12mm thru-axle Stem Bontrager Elite, 31.8mm, Blendr-compatible, 7-degree (Size XS Handlebar Bontrager Satellite Plus IsoZone, alloy, 31.8mm, 15mm rise (Sizes XS, S Grips Bontrager Satellite IsoZone Plus, lock-on, ergonomic Front Brake Shimano MT201 hydraulic disc, flat-mount with Shimano RT10, 160mm, Center Lock rotor Rear Brake Shimano MT201 hydraulic disc, flat-mount with Shimano RT10, 160mm, Center Lock rotor Brake Levers Shimano MT201 hydraulic Front Derailleur NA Rear Derailleur Shimano GRX RX812, long cage, 42T max cog, 11-speed Shift Levers Shimano RS700, 11-speed Cassette Shimano SLX M7000, 11-42, 11-speed Crankset Shimano GRX RX600, 40T ring (Sizes XS, S Bottom Bracket Shimano BB71, 86.5mm, PressFit Chain Shimano HG601 Front Wheel Bontrager tubeless-ready, disc brake, 32-hole rim with Formula alloy, Center Lock disc, 100x12 mm thru-axle hub Rear Wheel Bontrager tubeless-ready, disc brake, 32-hole rim with Shimano RXC400, Center Lock, Shimano 11-speed freehub, 142x12mm thru-axle hub Front Tyre Bontrager R1 Hard-Case Lite, wire bead, 60 tpi, 700x32c - clincher Rear Tyre Bontrager R1 Hard-Case Lite, wire bead, 60 tpi, 700x32c - clincher Saddle Bontrager H1 Seatpost Bontrager alloy, 27.2mm, 12mm offset, 330mm length Pedals Wellgo M141, resin body, alloy cage Manufacturer Claimed Weight 9.55kg / 21.06lbs, size M
Product Description MOTOR SyncDrive Pro, 85Nm, powered by Yamaha CONTROLLER RideControl Ergo 3, grip integrated DISPLAY RideControl GO, frame integrated LED displayANT+ Wireless display compatible BATTERY EnergyPak Smart 625, EnergyPak Plus, 250Wh range extender compatible FRAME Advanced-grade composite frame, Advanced-grade rear triangle, Advanced forged composite upper rocker, 140mm Maestro suspension system FORK Fox 36 Factory Live Valve, 150mm travel, 44mm offset, Boost 110x15QR, electronic adaptive suspension, e-bike integrated SHOCK Fox Float X Factory Live Valve, 185x52.5mm Trunnion mount, electronic suspension, e-bike integrated HANDLEBAR Giant Contact SLR 35 Carbon, 35x780mm GRIPS Giant Tactal Pro-E, single lock-on STEM Giant Contact SL 35 SEATPOST Giant Contact Switch, dropper, 30,9mm (S:125, M:150, L/XL:170) SADDLE Giant Romero SL, Neutral PEDALS Flat pedal SHIFTERS Shimano Deore XT FRONT DERAILLEUR MRP HD2 co-moulded chain guide REAR DERAILLEUR Shimano Deore XT, 12-speed, Shadow+ BRAKES Shimano Deore XT, BR-M8120, 4-piston, hydraulic disc, 203mm BRAKE LEVERS Shimano Deore XT, BL-M8120 CASSETTE Shimano HG-M71000, 10-51T, 12-speed CHAIN KMC e.12 Turbo, EcoProteq, e-bike optimized CRANKSET Praxis Performance Carbon e-crank armsPraxis Wavetm 36T Cold Forged 4130 premium steel chain ring BOTTOM BRACKET - RIMS Giant e-TRX 29", Tubeless ready, 30mm inner width HUBS Giant e-TRX [F] 110x15 [R] 148x12mm Thru-axle SPOKES Giant e-TRX TIRES Maxxis Assegai 29x2.6" foldable, Tubeless, EXO, 3c MaxxTerra[F]Maxxis Dissector 29x2.6" Foldable, Tubeless, EXO+, 120tpi 3C [R] EXTRAS Tubeless kit (liquid, valves, levers, manual, tool)Inner tube supplied LIGHTING Optional:- Giant Recon series e-bike lights available and direct connectable
Pneumatic valve is a valve driven by compressed air. When purchasing pneumatic valves, only the specification, type and working pressure are specified to meet the purchase requirements, which can be used to control the flow of air, water, steam, various corrosive media, mud, oil, liquid metal, radioactive media and other types of fluids. Sudhanafluid pneumatic valve series: butterfly valve The butterfly plate of the butterfly valve is installed in the diameter direction of the pipeline. In the cylindrical channel of the butterfly valve body, the disc-shaped butterfly plate rotates around the axis and the rotation angle is between 0 �° and 90 �°. When it rotates to 90 �°, the valve plate is fully open. The butterfly valve is simple in structure, small in size, light in weight and only composed of a few parts. It can be opened and closed quickly by rotating 90 �°, and the operation is simple. At the same time, the valve has good fluid control characteristics. When the butterfly valve is in the fully open position, the thickness of the butterfly plate is the resistance when the medium flows through the valve body, so the pressure drop generated by the valve is very small, so it has good flow control characteristics. The butterfly valve has two types of seal: elastic seal and metal seal. Elastic sealing valve, the sealing ring can be embedded on the valve body or attached to the periphery of the butterfly plate. Valves with metal seals generally have a longer service life than those with elastic seals, but it is difficult to achieve complete sealing. Metal seal can adapt to higher working temperature, while elastic seal has the defect of being limited by temperature. If the butterfly valve is required to be used as flow control, the main thing is to select the correct size and type of valve. The structural principle of butterfly valve is particularly suitable for making large-diameter valves. Butterfly valves are not only widely used in oil, gas, chemical, water treatment and other general industries, but also used in cooling water systems of thermal power plants. The commonly used butterfly valves include wafer butterfly valve and flange butterfly valve. Wafer butterfly valve is to connect the valve between two pipe flanges with stud bolts. Flange butterfly valve is to connect the flanges on both ends of the valve to the pipe flange with bolts.
Overview of electric high platform ball valve: The electric high platform ball valve adopts a high platform design, which can be directly installed with the actuator without the need for a bracket, which provides convenience for product installation and replacement, and has the characteristics of small flow resistance and large flow capacity. The difference between the electric high platform ball valve and the ordinary ball valve with bracket is that it occupies a small space and has a compact structure. The disadvantage is that it is not resistant to high temperature, and the temperature is transmitted to the cylinder, and the rubber ring in the cylinder is easy to age. Although the ordinary ball valve and the actuator need to be installed with a bracket and a connecting shaft, the heat dissipation function is stronger. Usually, the pipeline with a high temperature usually adopts a ball valve with a bracket, which can avoid damage to the actuator due to high temperature and prolong the service life. service life. Electric high platform ball valve features: 1. It adopts high platform ISO5211 standard design, and it can be connected and installed with the actuator without other brackets and connecting shafts. 2. It adopts silica sol precision casting, beautiful appearance, tight and reliable, good sealing performance and wide application range. 3. Anti-static function, a spring is set between the ball, valve stem and valve body, which can discharge the static electricity generated during the switching process. 4. The fluid resistance is small. The full-bore ball valve basically has no flow resistance, and the opening and closing is rapid. It only needs to rotate 90�° from fully open to fully closed, and it is easy to operate. The electric high platform flanged ball valve adopts the spring plunger type electrostatic lead-out device, so that the direct form of static passage between the ball and the valve body or the form of static passage between the ball and the valve body through the stem tube, so that the ball and the valve seat can be The static electricity generated by friction during the switching process is led to the earth through the valve body, preventing fire or explosion that may be caused by static sparks. Static electricity is an objective natural phenomenon, which can be produced in many ways, such as contact and friction. For example, for high platform ball valves, when the ball rubs against the soft-sealed switch, static electricity will be generated. If the pipeline is filled with flammable and explosive media, it is very dangerous. Therefore, a connecting device is installed in the valve to guide the static electricity of the ball to the outside to prevent static electricity. is very important.
A ferro-titanium oxide mineral with ideal molecular formula FeTiO3. It is a weakly magnetic black or steel-gray mineral. Ilmenite is the most important titanium ore and the main source of titanium dioxide, used in paints, printing inks, fabrics, plastics, paper, sunscreen, food and cosmetics. Titanium can also form many compounds, they also have a variety of special properties and uses, such as titanium dioxide, is a white powder, it is the best white pigment, commonly known as "titanium white", 1 gram of titanium dioxide can be more than 450 square centimeters of the area painted white. Titanium dioxide used as white pigment in the world is more than hundreds of thousands of tons a year. If titanium dioxide is added to the paper, it can make the paper white and opaque, so the paper used in the manufacture of banknotes and fine arts is sometimes added to titanium dioxide, in addition, in order to make the color of the plastic lighter and make the rayon luster soft, it is sometimes added to titanium dioxide. Titanium dioxide is known as the whitest thing in the world. Most of the titanium in nature is in a dispersed state, mainly forming minerals ilmenite TeTiO3 and rutile TiO2, and vanadilmenite. China's Panzhihua area of Sichuan Province is very rich in vanadilmenite, reserves of about 1.5 billion tons. So how was titanium discovered? In 1791, British scientist Grigor found a kind of ore in the outskirts of Minahan - black magnetic sand, through the study of this ore, he believes that there is a new chemical element in the ore. The new element was named after Minahan, the place where the ore was found. Four years later, the German chemist Klapoute found this new element from a red ore in Buynik, Hungary, he named it after the name of the "Tai Dan" in Greek mythology (the Chinese translation of its original name, named titanium), Klapoute also specifically pointed out that the new element "Minahan" discovered by Grigor is titanium, but found at that time, It's actually powdered titanium dioxide instead of titanium metal. Until 1910, the American chemist Handel was the first to produce 99.9% purity of the metal titanium, but a total of less than 1 gram. From the discovery of titanium to the production of metal titanium, before and after 120 years, to 1947, people began to refine titanium in the factory, at that time, the annual production of only 2 tons. By 1955, production had surged to 20,000 tons. By 1972, annual production reached 200,000 tons. The use of titanium is more and more widely, more and more people's attention, people call it the future of steel, the 21st century metal.
Railway Crow Bar It is for situations such as these that the jim-crow comes into its own. The jim crow was slotted over the rail about four or five sleepers away from the offending joint.and the screw tightened until it engaged with the edge of the rail. Then tightened the screw a further half-turn - thus bending the rail slightly.This process was repeated, moving the jim crow one sleeper nearer the joint each time and each time adding one more half-turn. This introduces a gradually increasing curve to the rail as it nears the joint.If you compare these two pictures with those showing the kinks above, you can see the difference. The amount of bend can be tailored to suit each location - and if it turns out that have made the curve too severe, the jim crow can be slotted on the opposite way round and tightened up to ease the curve. Specification item value Type Crowbar Railway Material Steel Dimensions (L x W x H) (mm) 1500mm, 1800mm Place of Origin China Hubei Brand Name Linkage Item railway crowbar Brand Name Linkage Application Wrecking & Demolition, DiggingChiseling Tip Type Chisel End, Rolled Nail Puller for High Leverage, Heeled Pinch End Length 1500mm, 1800mm Weight 6 KG
Railway Crow Bar It is for situations such as these that the jim-crow comes into its own. The jim crow was slotted over the rail about four or five sleepers away from the offending joint.and the screw tightened until it engaged with the edge of the rail. Then tightened the screw a further half-turn - thus bending the rail slightly.This process was repeated, moving the jim crow one sleeper nearer the joint each time and each time adding one more half-turn. This introduces a gradually increasing curve to the rail as it nears the joint.If you compare these two pictures with those showing the kinks above, you can see the difference. The amount of bend can be tailored to suit each location - and if it turns out that have made the curve too severe, the jim crow can be slotted on the opposite way round and tightened up to ease the curve. Specification item value Type Crowbar Railway Material Steel Dimensions (L x W x H) (mm) 1500mm, 1800mm Place of Origin China Hubei Brand Name Linkage Item railway crowbar Brand Name Linkage Application Wrecking & Demolition, DiggingChiseling Tip Type Chisel End, Rolled Nail Puller for High Leverage, Heeled Pinch End Length 1500mm, 1800mm Weight 6 KG
Zoomlion 60ton ZCT600V532 telescopic truck Crane for sale. Applicable Industries:Machinery Repair Shops, Manufacturing Plant, Construction works , Energy & Mining, Other Weight (KG) 30000 Video outgoing-inspection Provided Machinery Test Report Provided Marketing Type Ordinary Product Warranty of core components 1.5 years Core Components PLC, Engine, Bearing, Gearbox, Motor, Pressure vessel, Gear, Pump Place of Origin Anhui, China Warranty 1.5 years Feature Other Condition New Application Engineering machinery Rated Loading Capacity 60ton Rated Lifting Moment 3087KN.m Max. Lifting Height 58.5m Brand Name Zoomlion Product name Mobile Crane Crane type Crawler Crane Type Truck Mounted Crane Mobile Crane Truck Brand zoomlion Jib length 7.5-12.8m Main boom length 11.9-46m Gradeability 45% Overall dimension 14000*3300*3220mm Power Source Diesel Engine Walking speed 2.7 (No load) /1.5(Full load)
Despite its limited name recognition in Malaysia, rapeseed oil is one of the oldest known vegetable oils. Its extracted from the seeds of a plant called rape, which is botanically related to cruciferous veggies like broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage. The plant grows primarily around the world and is identifiable by its bright yellow flowers. Rapeseed oil comes in two distinct forms. Industrial rapeseed oil, which isnt edible, is used for purposes like lubricating engines and making lipstick. It contains high amounts of erucic acid1, a substance known to be toxic to humans. Culinary rapeseed oil, on the other hand, is edible, used in home cooking, and included in many processed food formulations. Unlike industrial rapeseed oil, the culinary version is low in erucic acid, with an upper limit of 2% by weight. culinary rapeseed oil goes by the name canola oilso called for its largest producer here in Malaysia, however, its retained its original moniker.
-Basic information is as follows: -Product name: Mercury -Other names: quick/hydrargyrum/hydrargyria -Cas number: 12778-65-3 / 7439-97-6 -EINECS number: 231-106-7 -Appearance: silver liquid -Odor: None -Purity: 99% -Molecular formula: Hg -Molecular weight: 200.59 -Applications: Applications in various fields, mostly used for mineral extraction and gold smelting / Mercury 99.9999 Suprapur. CAS 7439-97-6, pH (Hâ??O) neutral. -Packaging specifications: Sealed flask (1kg / 5kg / 17.5kg / 34.5kg) -Outer packaging: Customized service available, only logo on the flask -Transportation: Air freight (small order) / Sea freight (large order) -Transportation time: shipped 3 days after payment. The transportation time varies depending on the destination, basically 7-15 days (3-5 days for small orders, 7-15 days for large orders) -Payment: TT, WU, Moneyfram, bank transfer, btc, usdt, Alipay -Advantages: Fast transactions, direct shipment of goods, integration of industry and trade
