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Mill scale, is formed on the outer surfaces of plates, sheets or profiles when they are being produced by rolling hot iron or steel billets in rolling or steel mills. It looks like a hard brittle sand and is mainly composed of iron oxides, mostly ferric, and is bluish black in color. Being produced during the reheating, conditioning and hot rolling operation for the production of steel articles, the mill scale initially adheres to the steel surface and protects it from atmospheric corrosion, provided no break occurs in this coating. From the chemical and physical analysis performed on the scrap, and according to the european environmental rules, the material has been classified as a special non dangerous waste, listed in green list In particular the mill scale can be classified as follows: Einecs (european commission no.): 266-007-8 Waste code: 10 02 10 Basel code: b 12 30 Hs code: 2619.00

Juniper oil is used in aromatherapy to help stimulate and strengthen the nerves and bolster the spirits in challenging situations, while helping to relieve urine retention. It is used for treating rheumatism, arthritis and gout, as well as cellulite, acne, dermatitis, blocked pores, psoriasis and weeping eczemas. The main chemical components of juniper oil are a-pinene, camphene, b-pinene, sabinene, myrcene, a-phellandrene, a-terpinene, y-terpinene, 1,4-cineole, b-phellandrene, p-cymene, terpinen-4-ol, bornyl acetate, cayophyllene and trace amounts of limonene, camphor, linalool, linalyl acetate, borneol and nerol.

The health benefits of Lavandin Essential Oil can be attributed to its properties as an antidepressant, antiseptic, analgesic, cicatrisant, expectorant, nervine, and vulnerary substance. The Lavandin, plant from which this essential oil is obtained, is not a natural plant in the true sense because it was born as a result of the hybridization of two plants with the scientific names Lavandula Angustifolia and Lavandula Latifolia. That is why Lavandin is scientifically known as Lavandula Hybrida and Lavandula Hortensis. The aroma and medicinal properties of Lavandin are quite similar to those of Lavender, but they are more intense and sharp since it is a hybrid. The main components of this oil are Lavandulol, Linalool, Linalyl Acetate, Camphor, Cineole, Caryophyllene, Camphene, Dipentene, Limonene, Ocimene, and Terpinene. Lavandin oil boosts self-esteem, confidence, hope, and mental strength, while efficiently fighting depression. This can be very helpful to drive away depression for those who are suffering from depression due to a failure in their career or personal relationships, insecurity, loneliness, stagnation, someoneâ??s death, or for any other reason. This also relieves anxiety. As an antidepressant, it can be systematically administered to patients with acute depression who are undergoing rehabilitation

Benzyl Eugenol /Benzil Eugenol /Bencil Eugenol /Benzyl Eugnol / Benzyl Eugnol ~ CAS No : 57371-42-3 ~ Olfactive Profile : Warm, balsamic, spicy, floral ~ EC No : 2607035 ~ This product is made from clove as raw material. And further processed to become Benzyl Eugenol. It's commonly used in fragrances, flavors, and cosmetics due to its pleasant aroma, which is a blend of sweet, floral notes from benzyl alcohol and spicy, clove-like notes from eugenol. ~ Product Synonyms : Benzyleugenol, Eugenol Benzyl Ether, Benzoyl eugenol

Commodity: Potassium Amyl Xanthate Product Nature Chemical name: Potassium Amyl Xanthate (PAX) Equivalent to : Z-6, AERO 350 xanthate Molecular Formula: C5H11OCSSK Physical characteristics: Slight yellow or grey yellow free flowing Powder or pellet and soluble in water. It is a xanthate based on the C5 alkyl isoamyl alcohol in the potassium salt form Testing method: Lead acetate titration CAS Number: 2720-73-2 EINECS No.: 213-180-2 Use A Collector With High Collection And Normal Selectivity,widely Use In Floatation Of CU/PB/NE AND PYRITE, Especially For The Floatation Of The Gold In Gold And Copper Mine.it Could Make Good Result In Copper And Lead Oxidized Ore.ofeen Used In Rough Selecting And Scavenging. Specifications Chemical components Specification 1 Specification 2 Purity 85% Min 90% Min Moisture & volatiles 10% Max 4% Max Free alkali 0.5% Max 0.2% Max Packing and Storage 120KG IRON DRUM,134 DRUMS PER 20'FCL,16.08MT; (OR 110-180KG IRON DRUM) 850KG Wooden Box,20 Box Per 20'fcl,17mt; (or 500kg,800kg,850kg Wooden Box With Inner BAG) 25-50KG WOVEN BAG

Commodity:Sodium persulfate Molecular Formula : Na2S2O8 Molecular weight : 238.13 Description Sodium persulfate is a white,crystalline,odourless salt.It is used as initiator for the Polymerization of monomers and as a strong oxidizing agent in many applications.It has the particular advantage of being almost non - hygroscopic,of having a particularly good storage stability as a result of its extremely high purity and of being easy and safe to handle. Transportation Road/Rail transport : GGVS,GGVE,ADR,RID/CLASS 5.1 Sea transport : GGV Sea/IMDG code : CLASS 5.1 Page 5185,UN no.1505 Water hazards class 1(slight water hazard) All information is given in good faith,but without warranty,since the conditions of use are outside our control. Verification by the user is recommended.Freedom from patent restriction cannot be assumed. Package (1) In 25kgs net multiple paper bags with one PE bag inner (2) In 25kgs net PE bags (3) In 25kgs net woven bags with two PE bags inner (4) In 1000kgs net big woven bags with one PE bag inner The above package is also with a pallet 1000kgs each. Storage NPS(SPS) is not combustible but assists combustion materials due to release of oxygen.Provided it is stored under appropriate condition.It must be stored dry in closed containers and protected from direct sunlight,heat and humidity.Impurities such as dirt,rust or traces of metal and reductants may cause catalytic decomposition.The product as supplied or in solution needs to be handled with appropriate care.The eye,skin and clothes must be protected when working with NPS(SPS) as damp powder or aqueous solution has a bleaching and slightly corroding effect. Application Polymerization : Initiator for the emulsion or solution Polymerization of acrylic monomers,vinyl acetate,vinyl chloride etc.and for the emulsion co-polymerization of styrene,acrylonitrile,butadiene etc. Metal treatment : Treatment of metal surfaces(e.g. in the manufacture of semiconductors; cleaning and etching of printed circuits),activation of copper and aluminium surfaces. Cosmetics : Essential component of bleaching formulations. Paper : modification of starch,repulping of wet - strength paper. Textile : Desizing agent and bleach activator - particularly for cold bleaching.(i.e.bleaching of Jeans). Others : - Chemical synthesis - Water treatment(decontamination) - Waste gas treatment,oxidative degradation of harmful substances(e.g.Hg) - Disinfectant ITEMS SPECIFICATIONS Appearance white crystalline salt Assay 99.0% w/w min Active oxygen 6.65% w/w min Chloride and chlorate(as CL) 0.005% w/w max Ammonia (NH4) 0.05% w/w max Manganese(Mn) 0.0001% w/w max Iron(Fe) 0.001% w/w max Heavy metals(as Pb) 0.001% w/w max Moisture 0.05% w/w max Decomposition of the product as supplied at above 65C Recommended storage temperature Normal Temperature Storage stability as from date of delivery 12 months

Commodity: Potassium Permanganate Molecular formula:KMnO4 Molecule Weight:158.03 CAS:7722-64-7 EINECS:231-760-3 UN 1490 Hazard Class: 5.1 Physical State: Needle-like lustrous and dark purple crystal. It can dissolve in water, and it is a strong oxidant. Melting Point :270 C ,decompound Specific Gravity :2.703 ,Solubility in water :6.4 g/100 mL (20C) ,Stability :Stable under ordinary conditions Use Mainly used in medical industry, water treatment, metallurgical industry, chemical industry and food industry. Quality Standard Item Standard BP2000 Appearance purple noodle crystal Purity 99.3% min Chloride 0.01% max Sulfate 0.05% max Insoluble matter in water 0.15% max Moisture 0.5% max As 20 ppm max Cd 50 ppm max Cr 50 ppm max Hg 10 ppm max Pb 50 ppm max Se 50 ppm max Ni 50 ppm max Sb 50 ppm max Packing and Storage Packing: 50kg net weight new galvanized drums with P.E. Liner. Stored in a cool, ventilated, dry place.

Product Brief Introduction: with the largest consumption for construction and building materials. It is mainly used as enamel fluxing agent, glass opalizing agent, acid-proof clay, acid-proof concrete coagulator and wood preservative. It can also be used for insecticide. Product Hazard or Harmful Ingredients:It does not combust or explode but has corrosivity and certain toxicity. Product Physical Properties:The product is white powder crystals and basically neutral. It is difficult to dissolve in water and acid and the density is 2.37g/cm3. Product Chemical Properties:It is stable under normal temperature. It does not combust nor explode when it is heated or contacts with redox materials. Spillage Treatment Method:Simple cleaning and burying Protection Measures for Product Transport & Storage:To prevent from caking and going bad, it should be kept indoor or be covered with protection materials like canvas and free from the blazing sun. Packing :Knitted bags lined polyethylene plastic bags double packaging, Weighing 25Kg/50KG/1000Kg/1200kg. Other Information: Anti-caking agent can be added at the request of customers. Technical Specifications Analysis items Standard Na2SiF6 99% min Loss of weight on drying at 105â?? 0.3% max Free acid (as HCl) 0.1% max Chloride (as Cl) 0.1% max Sulphate (SO4) 0.3% max Iron(Fe) 0.02% max Water-insoluble matter 0.5% max Particle size distribution Passing through 40 mesh sieve 98% min Passing through 60 mesh sieve 90% min Passing through 325 mesh sieve 25% max

Sweet marjoram: Origanum (O) hortensis (orMajoranahortensis). Potmarjoram: O.onites Wildmajoram: O.vulgare. Syrian majoram is called zatar Family: Labiatae or Lamiaceae (mint family). In Europe, marjoram was a traditional symbol of youth and romantic love. Used by Romans as an aphrodisiac, it was used to cast love spells and was worn at weddings as a sign of happiness during the middle Ages. Greeks who wore marjoram wreaths at weddings called it “joy of the mountains.” It was used to brew beer before hops was discovered, and flavored a wine called hippocras. A cousin of the oregano family, marjoram originated in Mediterranean regions and is now a commonly used spice in many parts of Europe. Called zatar in the Middle east and often mistaken for oregano, it is also a popular spicing in Eastern Europe. Origin and Varieties Marjoram is indigenous to northern Africa and southwest Asia. It is cultivated around the Mediterranean, in England, Central and Eastern Europe, South America, the United States, and India. Description Marjoram leaf is used fresh, as whole or chopped, and dried whole or broken, and ground. The flowering tops and seeds, which are not as strong as the leaves, are also used as flavorings. Sweet marjoram is a small and oval-shaped leaf. It is light green with a greyish tint. Marjoram is fresh, spicy, bitter, and slightly pungent with camphor like notes. It has the fragrant herbaceous and delicate, sweet aroma of thyme and sweet basil. Pot marjoram is bitter and less sweet. Chemical Components Sweet marjoram has 0.3% to 1% essential oil, mostly monoterpenes. It is yellowish to dark greenish brown in color. It mainly consists of cis-sabinene hydrate (8% to 40%), -terpinene (10%), a-terpinene (7.6%), linalyl acetate (2.2%), terpinen 4-ol (18% to 48%), myrcene (1.0%), linalool (9% to 39%), -cymene (3.2%), caryophyllene (2.6%), and a-terpineol (7.6%). Its flavor varies widely depending on its origins. The Indian and Turkish sweet marjorams have more d-linalool, caryophyllene, carvacrol, and eugenol. Its oleoresin is dark green, and 2.5 lb. are equivalent to 100 lb. of freshly ground marjoram. Marjoram contains calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, vitamin A, vitamin C, and niacin. Culinary uses of Marjoram Marjoram is typically used in European cooking and is added to fish sauces, clam chowder, butter-based sauces, salads, tomato-based sauces, vinegar, mushroom sauces, and eggplant. In Germany, marjoram is called the “sausage herb” and is used with thyme and other spices in different types of sausages. It is usually added at the end of cooking to retain its delicate flavor or as a garnish. It goes well with vegetables including cabbages, potatoes, and beans. The seeds are used to flavor confectionary and meat products.

Botanical Name: Piper nigrum Plant Family: Piperaceae Country of Origin: India Plant Part: White Peppercorns Growth Method: Wild Harvest Extraction Method: Steam Distillation Color: Clear Consistency: Thin Strength of Aroma: Medium Pepper is a perennial vine of the Piperaceae family indigenous to the Malbar coast of India. It is now cultivated in most tropical parts of the world. Pepper bears clusters of small flowers and small spherical fruits that turn red when they ripen. The berry-like fruits eventually become the peppercorns, and each one bears a single seed. The hot spice of White Pepper is made from its berries. It is the fully mature fruits from which the soft, fleshy outer layers had been ground off before drying. The berries of the pepper plant are called peppercorns and these plants are native to southern Asia. This plant was the main spice the European explorers were looking for when they discovered the New World. It still accounts for one fourth of the spice trade in the world. Did you know that white and black pepper come from the same plant? The white variety is allowed to fully ripen on the vine, as opposed to the black peppercorns, which is why it costs a bit more. The skins are peeled off and the inside of the peppercorn is white. White peppercorns have an earthy flavor whereas black peppercorns simply give heat to a dish. The white ones are popular in Mexican, Indian, and Asian dishes, perhaps because a lot of these recipes are spicy and earthy already and the white pepper complements the overall flavor of the dish. If you want to use white pepper, it is best to buy whole peppercorns because the flavor is longer lasting. Peppercorns start to lose their potency when you grind them, which is why freshly ground pepper is usually recommended.

Ginger root Botanical name: Zingiber officinale Linn. Family: Zingiberaceae. Ginger oil and oleoresins are the volatile oil derived by steam distillation of ginger and oleoresin. It is obtained by percolating the powdered rhizomes of Ginger, Zingiber officinale with volatile solvents. Ginger contains 1-2 percent of volatile oil, 5-8 percent of pungent acrid oleoresin and starch. Zingiberene is the chief constituent in the oil of ginger. Oil is employed for flavoring all kinds of food products and confectionary and finds limited use in perfumery. Oleoresin, commercially called Gingerin contains pungent principles viz. gingerol and shogaol apart from the volatile oil of ginger and is used as an aromatic, carminative, stomachic and as a stimulant. Oleoresin from ginger is obtained conventionally by extraction of dried powdered ginger with organic solvents like ethyl acetate, ethanol or acetone. Commercial dried ginger yields 3.5-10.0 per cent oleoresin. Ginger oleoresin is a dark brown viscous liquid responsible for the flavour and pungency of the spice. Ginger of commerce or `Adrak` is the dried underground stem or rhizome of the plant, which constitutes one of the five most important major spices of India, standing third or fourth, competing with chillies, depending upon fluctuations in world market prices, world market demand and supply position. Ginger, like cinnamon, clove and pepper, is one of the most important and oldest spices. It consists of the prepared and sun dried rhizomes known in trade as `hands` and `races` which are either with the outer brownish cortical layers (coated or unscraped), or with outer peel or coating partially or completely removed. Ginger requires a warm and humid climate. It is cultivated from sea level to an altitude of 1500 meters, either under heavy rainfall conditions of 150 to 300 cm or under irrigation. The crop can thrive well in sandy or clayey loam or lateritic soils. The composition of dry ginger is given below: Dry Ginger rootMoisture:6.9 % Protein:8.6 % Fat:6.4 % Fiber:5.9 % Carbohydrates:66.5 % Ash:5.7 % Calcium:0.1 % Phosphorous:.15 % Iron:0.011 % Sodium:0.03 % Potassium:1.4 % Vitamin A:175 I.U./100 g Vitamin B1:0.05 mg/100 g Vitamin B2:0.13 mg/100 g Niacin:1.9 mg/100 g Vitamin C:12.0 mg/100 g Calorific value:380 calories/100 g. Ginger Oleoresin is obtained by extraction of powdered dried ginger with suitable solvents like alcohol, acetone etc. Unlike volatile oil, it contains both the volatile oil and the non-volatile pungent principles for which ginger is so highly esteemed. Concentration of the acetone extract under vacuum and on complete removal of even traces of the solvent used, yields the so called oleoresin of ginger. Ginger oleoresin is manufactured on a commercial scale in India and abroad and is in great demand by the various food industries.

Nutmeg and mace spice contains many plant-derived chemical compounds that are known to have been anti-oxidant, disease preventing, and health promoting properties. The spicy nut contains fixed oil trimyristin and many essential volatile oils such as which gives a sweet aromatic flavor to nutmeg such as myristicin, elemicin, eugenol and safrole. The other volatile-oils are pinene, camphene, dipentene, cineole, linalool, sabinene, safrole, terpeniol. The active principles in nutmeg have many therapeutic applications in many traditional medicines as anti-fungal, anti-depressant, aphrodisiac, digestive, and carminative functions. This spice is a good source of minerals like copper, potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, zinc and magnesium. Potassium is an important component of cell and body fluids that helps control heart rate and blood pressure. Manganese and copper are used by the body as co-factors for the antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase. Iron is essential for red blood cell production and as a co-factor for cytochrome oxidases enzymes. It is also rich in many vital B-complex vitamins, including vitamin C, folic acid, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin A and many flavonoid anti-oxidants like beta-carotene and cryptoxanthin that are essential for optimum health.

Juniperus communis Fam: Cupressaceae Juniper is widely distributed throughout the northern hemisphere and its birthplace is obscure. It is found in Europe, North Africa, North America and northern Asia. The main commercial producers are Hungary and southern Europe, especially Italy. The berries were known to Greek, Roman and early Arab physicians as a medicinal fruit and are mentioned in the Bible. In the Renaissance, they were recommended against snake bite, and plague and pestilence. Because of its air-cleansing piney fragrance, the foliage was used as a strewing herb to freshen stale air and the Swiss burned the berries with heating fuel in winter to sanitize stale air. Gin, the alcoholic drink that gets its unique flavour from juniper berries, is named from an adaptation of the Dutch word for juniper, "geneva". Spice Description Initially hard and pale green, juniper berries ripen to blue-black, become fleshy and contain three sticky, hard, brown seeds. When dried, the berries remain soft but if broken open one will find the pith surrounding the seeds is easily crumbled. Bouquet: Fragrant and flowery, combining the aromas of gin and turpentine. Flavour:Aromatic, bittersweet and piny. Hotness Scale: 1 Preparation and Storage Juniper berries are at their best when they are still moist and soft to the touch, squashing fairly easily between one's fingers. It is possible to make a purée from juniper berries or to extract the flavour and aroma by macerating them in hot water, but as all parts are edible and the texture is agreeable, it is usually just as well to use the entire fruit, split or crushed. The berries are quite powerful, one heaped teaspoon of crushed fruits serving for a dish for four people. Store in a cool place in an airtight container. Culinary Uses Juniper berries perform a quite unique role, by contributing as much to the character of food through their 'freshening' ability, as they do by way of their specific taste profile. As well as flavouring a dish, juniper cuts the gaminess of game, reduces the fatty effect of duck and pork and perks up a bread stuffing. The strong hearty flavour of juniper goes well with strong meats, such as game. Pork chops, roast leg of lamb, veal, rabbit, venison and wild boar are all enlivened with a hint of juniper. Juniper berries blend well with other herbs and spices, especially thyme, sage, oregano, marjoram, bay leaves, allspice and onions and garlic. One application I am particularly fond of is in a simple chicken casserole, It can effectively be added to wine marinades for meats, and is used with coriander in smoking meat. It seasons pâtés and sauces and in Sweden. Goulash and Sauerkraut often feature a juniper taste, as do some home-pickled meats like salt beef, salt pork and ham. Generally juniper can well be used in any dish requiring alcohol. Fruit dishes, such as apple tart and pickled peaches, also harmonize with this flavour.

Black Pepper Oleoresin Botanical: Piper nigrum Family: N.O. Piperaceae Hindi Name: Gol Mirch General Description: The best Pepper of commerce comes from Malabar. Pepper is mentioned by Roman writers in the fifth century. The plant can attain a height of 20 or more feet, but for commercial purposes it is restricted to 12 feet. The plant is propagated by cuttings and grown at the base of trees with a rough, prickly bark to support them. Between three or four years after planting they commence fruiting and their productiveness ends about the fifteenth year. The berries are collected as soon as they turn red and before they are quite ripe; they are then dried in the sun. Geographical Sources: Black pepper is native to Malabar, a region in the Western Coast of South India; part of the union state Kerala. It is also grown in Malaysia and Indonesia since about that time when it was found in the Malabar Coast. In the last decades of the 20th century, pepper production increased dramatically as new plantations were founded in Thailand, Vietnam, China and Sri Lanka. The most important producers are India and Indonesia, which together account for about 50% of the whole production volume History/Region of Origin: In South India wild, and in Cochin-China; also cultivated in East and West Indies, Malay Peninsula, Malay Archipelago, Siam, Malabar, etc. Varieties -> in trade, the pepper grades are identified by their origin. In India -> The most important Indian grades are Malabar and Tellicherry (Thalassery). The Malabar grade is regular black pepper with a slightly greenish hue, while Tellicherry is a special product. Both Indian black peppers, but especially the Telicherry grade, are very aromatic and pungent. In the past, Malabar pepper was also traded under names like Goa or Aleppi. Cochin is the pepper trade center in India. In South East Asia, the most reputated proveniences for black pepper are Sarawak in Malaysia and Lampong from Sumatra/Indonesia. Both produce small-fruited black pepper that takes on a greyish colour during storage; both have a less-developed aroma, but Lampong pepper is pretty hot. Sarawak pepper is mild and often described fruity. Description: Oleoresin Black Pepper is the natural extract of dried tender berries of Piper Nigrum Linn of family Piperaceae. Manufacturing Process: It is obtained by the solvent extraction of Black Pepper and the solvent traces are removed by distilling it in vacua at controlled temperature. Physical Appearance: It is a yellowish brown viscous liquid with pungent slightly biting aroma of Black Pepper.

Peanuts are popularly used as seed oil in India. They are easily available round the year and almost everywhere in India. They are easily available round the year and almost everywhere in India. Peanuts are also taken as snacks in many households especially in India. In reality, peanuts are actually legumes. But since they have all the properties of nuts like almonds, cashew nuts, etc., these are also included in the family of nuts. Groundnut/Peanuts are known as Moongphali in India. India is one of the largest producers of groundnuts in the world. The special variety peanut of this area (Saurastra, Gujarat) is world famous in its flavor, taste and aroma. Raw Groundnut valued for its protein contents, which is of high biological value. Groundnut contains more protein then meat, two and half more than eggs and more than any other vegetable food. It also contains phosphorous, thiamin and niacin that help in building resistance against all infections, such as Hepatitis and tuberculosis. We can offer Groundnut/Peanuts Peanuts Long Type (Bold Type): Long/Bold Type 38-42, 40-50, 50-60, 60-70, 70-80, and Crushing Grade Quality Counts/Ounce Peanut Round Type (Java Type): Round Type(Java Type) 40-50, 50-60, 50-60, 60-70, 70-80, 80-90, 90-100, 140-160 Counts/Ounce Jute Bags Packing: - We shall be able to provide in 5Kg, 10 kg, 15 Kg, 25 kg and 50 Kg jute bags packing. Vacuum Packing: - For special requirements for our buyers, we can provide the cargoes in 10 kg, 12.5 kg and 25 kg vacuum packed PP bags

Castor meal is also variously called castor meal, castor residue, castor extract & de-oiled castor cake Castor meal - the residue obtained from castor cake by the solvent extraction process - is one of the most versatile natural manures. It is truly organic manure which enhances the fertility of the soil without causing any damage or decay. It is enriched with the three big elements vital and conducive to the proper growth of crops - Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium. It also has traces of nutrients like Manganese, Zinc and Copper, thus making it a balanced fertilizer. Moreover, it helps to neutralize the detrimental effects of chemical fertilizers. Apart from their contribution to Nutrients, they have a number of benefits in agriculture, which none of the synthetic fertilizers or pesticides can offer. They bring in the wonderful molecules that nature has designed to help the plants flourish naturally. They provide slow and steady nourishment, stimulation, protection from soil nematodes and insects; improve yields, and quality of product like taste, flavour, amino acid composition etc. The pressed cake obtained after the expression of castor bean. The solvent extracted cake, although rich in protein cannot be used as cattle fodder because of its toxicity. However, it can be used as a fertilizer. The protein content of castor seed meal varies from 21-48% depending upon the extent of decortications. It has an ideal amino acid profile with moderately high Cystine, mithionine, and isoleucine. But its ant nutritional substances, ricin, ricine and an allergen restrict its use in poultry feed, even at a very low level of inclusion. Castor Cake is an excellent fertilizer because of high content of N (6.4%), Phosphoric Acid (2.55%) and Potash (1%) and moisture retention. There is negative correlation between the contents of ricinine in castor seeds and oil content (r = -0.76). This content of ricinine in castor seed is determined by Agro climatic conditions. Nutrient content of Castor Cake: Organic matter - 75 - 80 %, Nitrogen - 4.0 - 4.5 %, Phosphorous - 1.5 %, Potassium - 1.25 - 1.5 %. It also contains some micro nutrients viz., Calcium, Magnesium, Sulphur, Iron, Zinc, Manganese, Copper etc. A typical composition of castor residue/meal is as follows: Nitrogen - 4% min. approx. Phosphorous - 1% min. approx. Potassium - 1% min. approx. Moisture - 10 - 12 % max. approx. Oil Content - 0.7% max. approx. Advantages: 1. It provides all the major & minor nutrients necessary for better plant growth. 2. It also helps in increasing the nutrient uptake by plants. 3. It improves the soil fertility and productivity. 4. It is known to protect the plants from nematodes and termites. 5. It improves the yield & quality of the farm produce. 6. It improves the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil

Long pepper, also known as the Indian long pepper, is a herb that prominently features in Ayurvedic medicine, also popularly used as a spice and in seasoning mixes. The botanical name for this herb is Piper longum, and it is known to contain a chemical known as piperine, which helps fight parasites and other infectious agents. The many health benefits of long pepper: Long pepper forms an important part of our ancient Indian medicine-Ayurveda, and is thought to hold good therapeutic properties. Research has specified the use of this herb for 3 major health conditions described below- Diabetes: Diabetes is the leading cause of concern for individuals around the world. Thankfully, long pepper has been found to reduce blood glucose levels in diabetic patients and prevent other complications associated with the disorder. Liver ailments: Due to our dependency on processed foods, our internal organs, including the liver, tend to become weak, and more and more people are now suffering from liver ailments. Long pepper, known to possess liver-protective functions, may help the body manage liver toxicity, and may also prevent jaundice. Bacterial infections: In a developing country like India, where lack of sanitation and cleanliness forms an important reason for many bacterial infections, long pepper could be beneficial as a simple home remedy. It is thought that the root and the fruit may possess anti-amoebic activity. Apart from these specific health benefits, long pepper is also believed to help patients suffering from the following health problems- - Stroke - Fever - Stomach ache - Asthma

Applications; This grade is intended for general applications like chemical synthesis, dyes, leather, fire extinguishers, water treatment, plastic molding, flue gas treatment & in the drilling industry, sodium bicarbonate is used to chemically treat drilling mud when it becomes contaminated with calcium ions from cement or lime. It is NOT intended for applications, directly or indirectly, related to human consumption.