Broken 25% Max 100% Moisture 14% Ma Damaged, Shrivelled and Yellow Kernels 5% Max 1.5% Max 6% Max Chalky Grains 12% Max 5% Max 6% Max Foreign Grains 2% Max 0.5% Max 1% Max Paddy 0.8% Max NIL 0.5% Max 30 grains Max per kg Under Milled & Red Stripped Kernels 4% Max 5% Max 1% Max Milling Degree 14% Max Well Milled Brokens to be obtained from milling/polishing rice 5% and 10% Aflotoxin 5 PPB Max Crop Year 2012/2013 2013 Description Normal/Regular Polished. Free from alive weevils, free from odours, fresh fumigated Silky Sortexed. Free from live insects and substantially free from dead insects. Silky Sortexed. Others Whole Grain 10/10:1% Max Brokens 8/10-10/10:4% max Brokens 6.5/10-8/10:15% max Brokens 3/10-6.5/10:75% min Small brokens C1:5% max Whole kernel length average (mm):6.2 Average length: 6mm Min
ASTM B163 is the Specification for Seamless Nickel and Nickel Alloy Condenser and Heat-exchanger Tubes. This covers outside diameter and average wall, or outside diameter and minimum wall tube. The tube shall be furnished in the alloys and conditions defined by this specification. The ASTM B163/ASME SB163 material shall conform to the composition limits of nickel, copper, molybdenum, iron, manganese, carbon, silicon, chromium, aluminum, titanium, phosphorus, cerium, and zirconium, yttrium, boron, cobalt, columbium, tungsten, and nitrogen specified. Tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and Rockwell hardness of the material shall conform to the required Mechanical Properties set by this specification. Test methods such as chemical analysis, tension, rounding procedure, Rockwell hardness, grain size, and hardness conversion shall be performed for qualified ASTM B163/ASME SB163 alloy tubes. ASTM B163/ASME SB163 NICKEL ALLOY PIPE/TUBE PROVIDED BY YUHONG ASTM B163/ASME SB163 Nickel Alloy Pipe/Tube The most popular materials under ASTM B163 Standard are: UNS N04400(Monel 400); UNS N06600(Inconel 600); UNS N08800(Inconel 800); UNS N08810(Incoloy 800H); UNS N08811(Incoloy 800HT); UNS N08825(Incoloy 825). Incoloy 800/N08800 Nickel Alloy Pipe/Tube Incoloy 800H/N08810 Nickel Alloy Pipe/Tube Incoloy 800HT/N08811 Nickel Alloy Pipe/Tube Incoloy 825/N08825 Nickel Alloy Pipe/Tube Inconel 600/ N06600 Nickel Alloy Pipe/Tube Inconel 601/ N06601 Nickel Alloy Pipe/Tube Monel 400/N04400 Nickel Alloy Pipe/Tube Nickel 200/N02200 Nickel Seamless Pipe/Tube ASTM B163/ASME SB163 Nickel Alloy Pipe/Tube ASTM B163/ASME SB163 NICKEL ALLOY PIPE/TUBE FEATURES Nickel alloys tube under ASTM B163 can meet the High Strength and corrosion resistance in a range of media including sea water, hydrofluoric acid, sulphuric acid, and alkalies. ASTM A163 Coiled Tubing is highly resistant to corrosion in different environments. This tubing enables the speed of the operation to be fast at the same time, it is very safe and easy to run. ASTM B 163 Tubing is used in applications for drilling, logging, fracturing, perforating, and production operations. These tubings have a lower environmental impact. If you are looking for a reliable ss pipe company, don't hesitate to contact us!
Jeju Island-produced pine nut oil extracted from pristine areas of South Korea, consisting of 77% pure pine nut oil and 100% synergistic essential oil. Experience the refreshing essence of the pine forest, meticulously extracted using pristine Jeju Island spring water through steam distillation. This process ensures purity by removing impurities and aging the oil, resulting in a clean and fragrant pine nut oil. Phytoncides are natural antimicrobial substances emitted by cypress trees as a defense mechanism against pests and microorganisms. With their powerful antimicrobial properties, phytoncides can soothe itching in conditions like atopic dermatitis, allergies, and sensitive skin. Additionally, they aid in the natural healing of fatigued skin. Here are some key characteristics of phytoncides: 1. Forest Bathing Effect: Spending time in forests rich in phytoncides can reduce stress and enhance mental well-being. 2. Neutralizing Harmful Substances: Phytoncides help neutralize harmful substances in the air. 3. Preventing New House Syndrome: They mitigate symptoms associated with moving into a new house or newly remodeled space. 4. Antibacterial and Deodorizing Action: Phytoncides effectively combat mold and ammonia odors. 5. Stress Reduction: Inhaling phytoncide-rich air can lower cortisol levels and promote relaxation. Choosing products or environments with high phytoncide content can contribute to overall health and happiness. Synergy Blending Recipe: 77% Jeju Island-produced pine nut oil Lavender oil Rosemary leaf oil Wild geranium oil Feel free to use the organic essential oil on both your face and body with confidence. Here are some usage precautions: 1. When storing essential oil, its recommended to remove any remaining oil from the dropper before sealing the container. If left inside the dropper (made of rubber) or the glass bottle for an extended period, the oil can cause the rubber to become sticky, deteriorate, or spoil. Heres how to use it: 1. Aromatherapy: Place 2-3 drops on the corner of your pillow or bedding. The abundant phytoncide content in pine nut oil helps relieve stress and promotes restful sleep. 2. Bath Oil: Add 2-4 drops to your bathwater. The forest-like aroma of pine nut oil enhances relaxation during half-body baths, while its moisturizing properties keep your skin hydrated. 3. Skin Care: Mix 1-2 drops with your regular lotion or base oil. Apply it all over your body for moisturizing and soothing effects. 4. Scalp Care: Add 1-2 drops to your shampoo. Massaging your scalp with this mixture contributes to scalp health through its antimicrobial properties." Remember to adjust the amount when using 100% essential oil. Enjoy the benefits of pine nut oil! Expiration date : 36 months after manufacturing. Made in Korea
An anti-HIV p24 monoclonal coating antibody is adsorbed onto a microtiter plate. p24 antigen present in the sample or standard binds to the antibodies adsorbed on the plate; a FITC-conjugated mouse antip24 antibody is added and binds to the p24 antigen captured by the first antibody. Following incubation and wash steps, an HRP-conjugated mouse anti-FITC antibody is added and binds to the FITC conjugated anti-p24. Following unbound HRP-conjugated mouse anti-FITC antibody is removed during a wash step, and substrate solution reactive with HRP is added to the wells. A colored product is formed in proportion to the amount of p24 antigen present in the sample. The reaction is terminated by the addition of acid and absorbance is measured at 450 nm. A standard curve is prepared from recombinant HIV-1 p24 protein and sample p24 concentration is then determined. Introduction of� HIV P24 Test Approximately 1.5 million infants are born to HIVinfected women each year,1 majority of whom are not tested for HIV until it is too late for optimal antiretroviral therapy (ART). Without treatment, the mortality rate in HIV-infected infants can be as high as 45% by the first birthday and 59% by the second.2 Recent studies have demonstrated that early HIV diagnosis and prompt ART intervention can reduce infant mortality by 76% and HIV progression by 75%.3 Such studies have contributed to a change in treatment guidelines by the World Health Organization to initiate ART therapy in infants as soon as they are diagnosed with HIV.
Chinese electric motorcycle for sale are a new form of transportation that offer many benefits over their gasoline-powered counterparts. These wholesale electric motorcycle for 1 unit are powered by one or more electric motors, which can be battery-powered or connected to a power source like an outlet. Street legal electric motorcycle for sale are becoming increasingly popular due to the benefits they offer, including minimal noise pollution, low running costs, high torque, and zero emissions. They are also easy to maintain and operate and are a great way to reduce your carbon footprint. With the advancements in battery technology and electric motor design, electric motorcycle for adults for sale are becoming more powerful, more reliable, and more practical for everyday use. Types of e motorbikes for sale EEC Electric Motorcycle The EEC Electric Motorcycle is a type of motorcycle that is powered by an electric motor instead of a traditional gasoline engine. It is designed to provide a clean, quiet, and efficient mode of transportation for riders. The EEC (or European Economic Community) is a certification that ensures the motorcycle meets the safety and environmental standards of the European Union. 3000W Electric Motorcycle For Adults The SKY Two Revenge provides 3000w peak 5500w powerful motor, and battery capacity is 72V, 40Ah lithium battery,which is the larger version based on Revenge.This electric motorcycle will carry you wh... 1500W Electric Motorcycle For Adults I'm not sure if you are familiar with electric motorcycles for adults, but one popular model with a 1500w motor and a 72v 32ah lead-acid battery is the"September". There are many electric motorbike manufacturers, but we are one of the best choices for you. We can also provide kinds of electronic bike china for sale, if you are interested, please contact us.
Product Introduction: Rectifier for gravure cylinder machinery Used in conjunction with rotogravure electroplating tanks. It has the functions of steady current, steady voltage, low ripple and soft start. Specifically for engravured cylinder making and printing industry Product Advantage: 1.Small size, light weight, high efficiency and high control precision. 2.Introduced international pulse-duration modulation technology, uses the IGBT power module from internationally-known company; 3.Enhance cathodic current density, With strong penetrability and adhesion, it can significantly quicken deposition rate of the plating coat, reduce the internal stress of coating , eliminates the hydrogen embrittlement, coating crystallizes will be more smooth and bright. 4.It has the constant voltage, constant current operating mode and The self-protection function of over current ,short circuit, overheating , phase lack ,etc .Also soft start function; 5.The case uses spray process ,The control system is sealed and isolated ,the internal structure adopts design of the resistant alkali and acid .Greatly increases the product service life ; 6.Standard antiseptic remote control box, Separate the power from plating tank, increases the product service life ; 7.We can provide 1)The digital timer alarm system; 2)Ampere-hour meter; 3)RS485 or CAN standard interface 4)4-20MA,0-5V,0-10V control signal interface ,etc.(The signal interface can be customized )
Healtang D-Xylose, extracted from Plant Straw and Corn Cob. Sweetness is 67% of Cane Sugar. Molecular Formula C5H10O5 Molecular Weight: 150.1 CAS No. : 58-86-6 Appearance : White crystalline powder Purity (%) : 99.5 Moisture (%) : 0.3 Transmittance (%) : 98.0 Healtang Additional test items Whiteness : Every Batch Chrominance : Every Batch Filtration : Every Batch Healtang D-xylose production Advantages 1. Having Refinery Factory to utilize Corn Cob completely and effectively; 2. Having Good D-xylose production cost control compared to other manufacturers ; 3. Having Sustainable Energy supply and strong Environmental protection support from ShengQuan (SQ)Group 4. Having Professional personnel and good production system & environment to meet the audit requirements from all customers Applications 1. Flavors and Fragrances 1)D-xylose can be used as Reducing sugar in Maillard Reaction, D-xylose is one of the strongest reducing sugars in the Natural World. 2)When D-xylose heat together with the amino acid, it can produce different type of flavors. 2. Fried and Baked Food Adding D-xylose in the Fried or baked food , it can produce the golden color and good smell to the food. 3. Pet Food D-xylose sweetness is 67% to the Cane Sugar, it have the good function to adjust the pet food taste and having the below benefits to the pet A: More Healthy to the pet Intestinal canal , D-xylose have the ability to increase the bifido-bacteria in the intestinal; B: Smoothly to the Pet hair ; C: Pet tooth away from caries ;
Some others turn to meditation, exercise, or alcohol to unwind after a long, stressful day, but nothing soothes your soul like a long bath. Lighting a candle, filling a fragrant bubble bath (or sprinkling some muscle-relaxing salts), and spending an hour or two in the tub transforms the bathroom into a refuge, allowing you to calm and refocus. Dive in and explore what Bath & Body Products we have to offer! TYPES OF V.V.LOVE BATH & BODY PRODUCTS BODY FRAGRANCE MIST Trying to find scented body mist? The ideal, nourishing, and revitalizing scents for your skin are all in V.V.LOVE's exquisite collections. SHOWER GEL Add a touch of luxury to your regular lather! These self-preserving shower gels will leave you feeling clean, fresh, and smelling amazing. BODY LOTION V.V.LOVE body lotions hydrate, calm, and restore your skin with the opulent and creamy textures liquid. Envelop yourself in a soft, delicate, and enticing smell. BENEFITS OF BATH & BODY PRODUCTS WHOLESALE A bottle of body lotion may do wonders for the moisture of your skin. Moisturizing your skin is essential for preventing skin damage and protecting its moisture barrier. The body lotion contains organic ingredients that aid in its function. Skin hydration that is simple and effective It aids in the reduction of wrinkles. Increases the duration of the impact of self-tanning products FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN BUYING BATH PRODUCT While selecting bath goods, there are several factors to consider to guarantee you get a quality product that is suitable for your body. Here are some of the most important factors to consider while shopping for the most luxury bath products. SKIN TYPE While not all skin is made equal, knowing your skin type is essential for selecting the right bath products. Before you change your skincare routine, you should determine if you have oily, dry, normal, or sensitive skin. Look for products with fewer ingredients if you have sensitive skin. Shea butter, green tea, chamomile, and aloe vera are the greatest ingredients for sensitive skin. If you have dry skin, instead of using body lotion, try an ointment or cream. So you're looking for lactic acid, shea butter, and jojoba oil creams. Try a brand's unique fur oil, which contains jojoba oil and other rejuvenating components.
Specification of Gastec Gas Detection System Detector Tubes/gastec tube detector 35 Tube No.: 35 Chemical formula to be measured: Sulphuric acid( H2SO4) Measuring Range: 0.5-5mg/m3 Shelf life: 2 years (after production) We have more than 600 types of tube, for other tubes and specification details, please contact us at info@hn-guangqun.com Features of Gastec Short-term quick-measuring detector tubes (1)On-site measurements can be performed easily by anybody, anytime and anywhere, in a short time (2)Easy-to-check direct reading possible due to calibrated scale directly printed on the tube (3)An extensive measuring range can be obtained by adjusting the sampling volume (4)In order to assure high precision, each production lot is tested and calibrated independently, Each detector tube has its own quality control number printed on the tube (5)Long shelf-life with excellent long-term stability Product description of Gastec Short-term quick-measuring detector tubes As a leading global brand in gas detection and measuring, GASTEC products are highly regarded in many industries and customers all over the world. GASTEC gas detector tubes are thin glass tubes with calibration scales printed on them so you can directly read concentrations of the substances (gases and vapours) to be measured. Each tube contains a particulate matrix (e.g. silica gel, alumina) which binds carefully selected and highly stable detection reagents that are especially sensitive to the target substance in order to produce a distinct layer of colour change. The tubes are hermetically sealed at both ends. Our Competitive Advantage 1.With 20 years exporting experience 2. Certificate: ISO, SGS, SEI 3. Price at least 5% Lower Than other competitors in China 4. Shipment: 10% Faster than other suppliers, For some ordinary Items, we have in stock and can send within 3 working days 5. Technology Support: According to customer's exact requirements, supply valuable solutions 6. Service: your inquiry can be replied within 24 hours during working days
General Introduction: It uses vacuum suction mode controlled by intelligent process, through the combination of products and equipment (High Frequency, Diamond Peeling, Ultrasonic, Oxygen Sprayer, Vacuum, BIO, PDT Light, Skin Scrubber) to improve skin. Clinical Applications: 1. SPA Microdermabrasion SPA Skin beauty machine completely changed the traditional way, which is hand-cleaning skin relying on individual's practice skills, SPA Skin beauty machine, using vacuum suction mode controlled by intelligent process, through the combination of products and equipment, deep cleaning the skin and pores off horny, acne, blackheads and other impurities in very short period of time. And improve the deep absorption of nutrition products, promote pores tightening, smooth skin, increase skin moisture, and make your skin whitening, moisturizing and good texture. 2. PDT light Photon dynamic is a cold light and will not create high heat or burn the skin. It can transfer light energy into cell inner energy, accelerate circulation of cells' growth, and stimulate the fiber cell to produce collagen protein. It has unimaginable effects on aging skin, acne skin, macular skin allergic skin, wrinkled skin and the sun-burnt skin, never bringing injury or discomfort to the skin. PDT is the world's top scientific and technological achievement, which applies photon dynamic reactivity to skin treatment and nursing. It is a facial skin care expert without side-effect and can be operated easily. 3. Vacuum with RF heat energy the perfect combination of vacuum and RF heat energy to deeply do massage in the different depth of fat layers, breaker and dissolve cellulite, tighten and shape body. It can break up the subcutaneous fat, decrease cellulite accumulation, smooth lymph and discharge the fatty acid and toxin that is decomposed through lymph system. 4. 40KHZ ultrasound cavitation using 40kHz~1MHz ultrasound to make intense vibration, which can cause an inner explosion in the fat tissues and finally get rid of lipocyte. It can effectively break down stubborn and deep fat, decrease quantity of lymphocytes . The vacuum can promote liquid flow of lipocyte and fat tissues, then speeds up excretion of toxins and waste, achieving effect of fat elimination, slimming, skin tightening muscle flexibility enhancement.
Product Description Paraffin wax, also called 'paraffin', is a white, tasteless, odourless, translucent waxy solid. Paraffin wax is a type of wax that is derived from petroleum. Here are some key facts about paraffin wax: 1. Composition: Paraffin wax is primarily composed of long-chain hydrocarbons, specifically alkanes. These hydrocarbons are saturated, meaning they contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. 2. Physical Properties: Paraffin wax has a relatively low melting point, typically between 46°C to 68°C (115°F to 154°F), making it easy to melt and work with. It solidifies at room temperature.  Popular Products Our paraffin wax are kunlun brand from Petrochina (Fushun Petrochemical Company and Daqing Petrochemical Company).Mainly Products are fully refined paraffin wax, semi refined paraffin wax and crude paraffin wax with the melting point of 54/56/58/60/62/64.      (1)Fully Refined Paraffin Wax 58/60             (2)Semi Refined Paraffin Wax 58/60             (3)Fully Refined Paraffin Wax 56/58       (4)Fully Refined Paraffin Wax 60/62          (5)Fully Refined Paraffin Wax 64/66                (6)Crude Paraffin Wax 58/60   Product Parameters  Item Value Test method Grade #52 #54 #56 #58 #60 #62 #64 #66 Melting point, °C 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 GB/T 2539 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 Oil content, %(mass) 0.5 GB/T 3554 Color, Saybolt scale +27 +25 GB/T 3555 Max light stability 4 5 SH/T 0404 Penetration, (25°C),1/10mm 19 17 GB/T 4985 Kinematic viscosity, (100°C),m/s Report GB/T 265 Odor number 1 SH/T 0414 Water soluble acid/base Not detected SH/T 0407 Mechanical impurity & moisture Not detected Visual inspec
What Is A Huber Needle? The yellow huber needle are made up of a protective cap, needle hub, needle tube, tubing, injection site, robert clamp and so on. The huber needles for sale aim to be used to feed medicine to the device implanted in the patient's hypoderm. Kohope offers different Huber Needles For Sale Details Main material of huber needles: PP, PC, PVC, SUS304 stainless Steel Cannula, Silicone oil. Characteristic of huber needles for sale: Non-Latex Non-coring 90 degrees SUS304 stainless steel needle A rotating wing supplies less stress on both the tissue and the port Occlusion clamp Other Notes Of Huber Needles Product Conformance Of Huber Needles: In compliance with European Medical Device Directive 93/42/EEC(CE Class: lla) Quality Assurance Of Huber Needles For Sale: The manufacturing process is in compliance with ISO 13485 and ISO 9001 Quality System. Pain Management With Huber Needles Pain management with Huber needles involves the use of specialized needles to administer medications directly into the bloodstream through a subcutaneous port or implanted infusion pump. These needles are designed to penetrate the septum of the port or reservoir without damaging it, allowing for the administration of medication directly into the bloodstream. The� huber needles for sale is commonly used in pain management for patients who require frequent or continuous administration of medication. It can be used to deliver a variety of medications, including opioids and local anesthetics, directly into the bloodstream. This allows for targeted pain relief and may be a more effective method of pain management than oral medications. Pain management with Huber needles requires careful consideration and monitoring by a healthcare provider. Proper procedures for inserting and removing Huber needles must be followed to minimize the risk of complications, such as infection or damage to the port or reservoir. Patients should also be monitored for any adverse reactions or complications related to the use of Huber needles. If you mean to� buy huber needles in bulk, Kohope is a great option for you. For more information about huber needle cost and huber needle sizes, please feel free to contact us! We can also provide kinds of medical disposable products wholesale for sale, if you are interested, please contact us.
Pico Touch Screen Portable Professional Q switched Nd Yag Laser Professional Blackhead Cleaning Tattoo Removal Machine. Applications: 532nm wavelength: get rid of freckles, eyebrow tattoo, failed eye line tattoo, tattoo , lips line, pigment, telangiectasia in shallow red, brown and pink and etc. light color 1064nm wavelength: get rid of freckles and yellow brown spot, eyebrow tattoo, failed eye line tattoo, tattoo, Birthmark and Nevus of Ota, pigmentation and age spot, nevus in black and blue, scarlet red, deep coffee and etc. deep color. 1320nm wavelength: shrink pores removal, poblackhead removal, skin tightening and whitening, skin rejuvenation, wrinkle removal . Working Principle: The special wavelength of YAG laser can penetrate skin of human body according to the theory and practice of "selective laser decomposing", the instrument uses the laser-wave to break Chromatophore into pieces which can be naturally absorbed by the body. So that it achieves the purpose of de-freckling. The Q-switched Nd:YAG laser radiates the light with a specific wavelength in high peak energy pulse; hence the light penetrates the tissue only for an ultra-short nanosecond. The light is absorbed by the pigment tissue and results in an instantaneous blast, that is Light blasting principle. The pigment particles are shattered into fragments, parts of them will be bounced out of the skin and other parts will be split into tiny particles that can be engulfed by phagocytes and then metabolized by the lymphatic system. The 1064nm wavelength will shatters and removes the black and blue pigments while the 532nm wavelength will shatters and removes red, pink, purple and brown pigments of the tattoo or other pigmentations without damaging the normal tissue Specialty of QM-Q1 New Medical and Elegant design Ergonomic design handle, super long lifespan which can reach 2 millions shots ! 2. 3 Laser tips: 532nm, 1064nm, 1320nm can meet different pigments and black doll treatments Non-pain tips are for option Technical Specifications: Peak Power 500W Wavelength (Spectrum) 1064nm & 532nm (1320nm optional) Energy Density (Fluence) 1-2000mJ Spot Size 2-7mm Pulse Repetition Rate 1-10Hz Pulse Duration
Pico Touch Screen Portable Professional Q switched Nd Yag Laser Professional Blackhead Cleaning Tattoo Removal Machine. Applications: 532nm wavelength: get rid of freckles, eyebrow tattoo, failed eye line tattoo, tattoo , lips line, pigment, telangiectasia in shallow red, brown and pink and etc. light color 1064nm wavelength: get rid of freckles and yellow brown spot, eyebrow tattoo, failed eye line tattoo, tattoo, Birthmark and Nevus of Ota, pigmentation and age spot, nevus in black and blue, scarlet red, deep coffee and etc. deep color. 1320nm wavelength: shrink pores removal, poblackhead removal, skin tightening and whitening, skin rejuvenation, wrinkle removal . Working Principle: The special wavelength of YAG laser can penetrate skin of human body according to the theory and practice of "selective laser decomposing", the instrument uses the laser-wave to break Chromatophore into pieces which can be naturally absorbed by the body. So that it achieves the purpose of de-freckling. The Q-switched Nd:YAG laser radiates the light with a specific wavelength in high peak energy pulse; hence the light penetrates the tissue only for an ultra-short nanosecond. The light is absorbed by the pigment tissue and results in an instantaneous blast, that is Light blasting principle. The pigment particles are shattered into fragments, parts of them will be bounced out of the skin and other parts will be split into tiny particles that can be engulfed by phagocytes and then metabolized by the lymphatic system. The 1064nm wavelength will shatters and removes the black and blue pigments while the 532nm wavelength will shatters and removes red, pink, purple and brown pigments of the tattoo or other pigmentations without damaging the normal tissue Specialty of QM-Q1 New Medical and Elegant design Ergonomic design handle, super long lifespan which can reach 2 millions shots ! 2. 3 Laser tips: 532nm, 1064nm, 1320nm can meet different pigments and black doll treatments Non-pain tips are for option Technical Specifications: Peak Power 500W Wavelength (Spectrum) 1064nm & 532nm (1320nm optional) Energy Density (Fluence) 1-2000mJ Spot Size 2-7mm Pulse Repetition Rate 1-10Hz Pulse Duration
Senna pods Botanical Name Cassia senna L. Scientific Name (s) Cassia acutifolia Delile, syn. with Cassia senna L. Also includes references to C. angustifolia Vahl. Family: Fabaceae (beans). History Senna appears to have been used since the ninth or tenth century, its introduction into medicine being due to the Arabian physicians, who used both the leaves and the pods. It was formerly exported through Alexandria, from where the name of the Sudanese drug is derived. Definition The plant has a pale green stem with long spreading branches. The sweetish taste of the leaves distinguish Senna from the Argel leaves. It has small yellow flowers and oblong pods about 2 inches long and 7 to 8 inches broad. Description It is also called Nubian Senna or Alexandrian Senna or even Khartoum Senna. It grows in parts of Sudan and in some Arabian countries. The best senna is distinguished by a bright yellowish-green color of the leaves with a faint odor resembling the smell of green tea and a bittersweet taste Cultivation Senna is usually found in wild, but they have been extensively cultivated recently. It grows in September after the autumn rains and in April. Constituents Senna contains a family of hydroxyanthrancene glycosides, the most plentiful of which are sennosides A and B. There are also anthraquinone derivatives and their glucosides which are responsible for its purgative effects. There are also small amounts of aloe-emodin and rhein 8-glucosides, mucilage, flavonoids, and naphthalene precursors. Uses It is known for increasing the movement of the colon by increasing the functions of the intestinal wall. It is also a remedy for hemorrhoids, alimentary canal and prolapus. Similarly, both leaves and pods of the plant are used to cure breathing problems. An infusion of the pods is used as an effective way to suppress fever and to stop chronic nosebleeds. An infusion of the leaves is consumed to stop spasms or convulsions. The roots of the plant are consumed with milk to treat malaria. Medicinal Uses 1. Uses supported by clinical data: Short-term use in occasional constipation. 2. Uses described in pharmacopoeias and in traditional systems of medicine: None. 3. Uses described in folk medicine, not supported by experimental or clinical data: As an expectorant, a wound dressing, an antidysentric, and a carminative agent; and for the treatment of gonorrhea, skin diseases, dyspepsia, fever and hemorrhoids
