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Bitumen, often referred to as asphalt, is a viscous, black, and sticky substance. It is a semi-solid form of petroleum and is primarily used as a binder in road construction. When mixed with aggregates, it forms asphalt concrete, the material commonly used for paving roads. Primary Characteristics: Appearance: Thick, black to dark brown substance. Temperature Sensitivity: Becomes liquid when heated and returns to a semi-solid state upon cooling. Water Resistance: Acts as a waterproofing agent, making it ideal for various sealing applications. Adhesion: Excellent adhesive properties, allowing it to bind aggregates together effectively. Grades & Types: Bitumen comes in various grades, primarily determined by its viscosity and penetration value. Common types include: Paving Grade Bitumen: Used in road construction. Oxidized Bitumen: Produced by air blowing and has stiffer properties. Cutback Bitumen: Bitumen diluted with solvents to reduce viscosity for specific applications. Modified Bitumen: Bitumen altered with polymers to enhance its properties. Applications: Road Construction: Mainly used as a binder mixed with aggregates to pave roads. Roofing: Used as a waterproofing agent in roofing felts. Dams & Reservoirs: Acts as a waterproofing membrane. Soundproofing: Used in soundproofing materials due to its insulating properties. Advantages: Durability: Offers a long-lasting paving solution, able to withstand various weather conditions. Cost-effective: Provides a reliable and economical material for large-scale infrastructure projects. Recyclable: Old bituminous roads can be reprocessed to produce new roads.

Crude oil, often simply called "crude," is an unrefined petroleum product composed of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic materials. It is a liquid found underground that can be refined to produce various fuels, including gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel, as well as other products like plastics and chemicals. Classification: Based on its specific gravity (API gravity) and sulfur content, crude oil can be classified into: Light or Heavy: Determined by its API gravity with light crude oil being less dense and, therefore, more valuable than heavy crude oil. Sweet or Sour: Based on its sulfur content. Sweet crude has less than 0.5% sulfur, while sour crude has a higher sulfur content. Physical Characteristics: Color varies from yellow to black. Viscosity can range from water-like to thick and tar-like. Distinctive odor, often pungent. Applications: Fuel Production: Main source for gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and jet fuel after refining. Petrochemicals: Base for manufacturing chemicals, plastics, synthetic materials, and more. Lubricants: Processed to produce motor oil, grease, and other lubricating products. Asphalt: Used in road construction. Storage & Handling: Crude oil is typically stored in large tanks or transported in pipelines, tankers, or rail cars. Proper care is needed during transportation to prevent spills and environmental contamination. Note: Crude oil's quality and characteristics can vary widely based on its geographical origin and the conditions under which it was formed. Before refining or using, a detailed analysis is usually performed to understand its composition and how best to process or utilize it.

Sunflower oil is a type of vegetable oil that is extracted from the seeds of sunflowers It is a popular cooking oil due to its neutral taste high smoke point and relatively low saturated fat content Here are some of the general specifications for sunflower oil Free fatty acid content 01 maximum Peroxide value 10 meqkg maximum Iodine value 118141 Unsaponifiable matter 15 maximum Moisture and volatile matter 005 maximum Impurities 01 maximum Color Yellow Flavor and odor Neutral Smoke point 232C 450F Sunflower oil is commonly used in cooking especially in highheat applications such as frying due to its high smoke point It is also used as a salad oil and as an ingredient in various prepared foods such as margarine and mayonnaise Sunflower oil is a good source of vitamin E which is an antioxidant that can help protect cells from damage It is also relatively low in saturated fat compared to some other cooking oils which may make it a healthier choice for some people However it is important to note that like all oils sunflower oil is high in calories and should be used in moderation as part of a balanced diet

Diesel EN590 10 PPM is a type of diesel fuel that meets the European standard EN590 for automotive diesel oil The 10 PPM designation refers to the maximum allowable sulfur content in the fuel which is 10 parts per million ppm or less Here are some of the specifications for Diesel EN590 10 PPM Density at 15 C 820845 kgm Flash point minimum 55 C Cetane number minimum 51 Sulfur content maximum 10 ppm Distillation range 90 distilled at 360370 C Cold filter plugging point maximum 5 C Appearance Clear and bright free from visible sediment and water Diesel EN590 10 PPM is primarily used as a fuel for diesel engines in automobiles trucks buses and other vehicles It is designed to meet the stringent emissions standards in Europe and other regions which require lower levels of sulfur and other pollutants in diesel fuel The use of lowsulfur diesel fuels like EN590 10 PPM can help to reduce air pollution and improve air quality as well as reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases

Rice IR64 5% is a type of long-grain white rice that is grown primarily in India. Here are some of the general specifications for Rice IR64 5%: Broken grains: 5% maximum Moisture content: 14% maximum Foreign matter: 0.1% maximum Chalky kernels: 6% maximum Red and/or red-streaked kernels: 2% maximum Milling degree: Well-milled Grain length: 6.0 mm minimum Grain width: 2.0 mm minimum Color: White Rice IR64 5% is a versatile type of rice that can be used in a variety of dishes, both savory and sweet. It is commonly used in Indian and Southeast Asian cuisine, as well as in dishes from other parts of the world. It has a long, slender grain and a slightly nutty flavor, and it can be cooked in a variety of ways, such as boiling, steaming, or frying. Rice IR64 5% is often used in the production of rice flour, which is a common ingredient in gluten-free baking. It can also be used as a base for dishes such as rice pilaf, stir-fries, and rice salads. Additionally, it can be used to make rice pudding or other sweet dishes.