Botanical Name Cassia senna L. Scientific Name (s) Cassia acutifolia Delile, syn. with Cassia senna L. Also includes references to C. angustifolia Vahl. Family: Fabaceae (beans). History Senna appears to have been used since the ninth or tenth century, its introduction into medicine being due to the Arabian physicians, who used both the leaves and the pods. It was formerly exported through Alexandria, from where the name of the Sudanese drug is derived. Definition The plant has a pale green stem with long spreading branches. The sweetish taste of the leaves distinguish Senna from the Argel leaves. It has small yellow flowers and oblong pods about 2 inches long and 7 to 8 inches broad. Description It is also called Nubian Senna or Alexandrian Senna or even Khartoum Senna. It grows in parts of Sudan and in some Arabian countries. The best senna is distinguished by a bright yellowish-green color of the leaves with a faint odor resembling the smell of green tea and a bittersweet taste Cultivation Senna is usually found in wild, but they have been extensively cultivated recently. It grows in September after the autumn rains and in April. Constituents Senna contains a family of hydroxyanthrancene glycosides, the most plentiful of which are sennosides A and B. There are also anthraquinone derivatives and their glucosides which are responsible for its purgative effects. There are also small amounts of aloe-emodin and rhein 8-glucosides, mucilage, flavonoids, and naphthalene precursors. Uses It is known for increasing the movement of the colon by increasing the functions of the intestinal wall. It is also a remedy for hemorrhoids, alimentary canal and prolapus. Similarly, both leaves and pods of the plant are used to cure breathing problems. An infusion of the pods is used as an effective way to suppress fever and to stop chronic nosebleeds. An infusion of the leaves is consumed to stop spasms or convulsions. The roots of the plant are consumed with milk to treat malaria. Medicinal Uses Uses supported by clinical data: Short-term use in occasional constipation. Uses described in pharmacopoeias and in traditional systems of medicine: None. Uses described in folk medicine, not supported by experimental or clinical data: As an expectorant, a wound dressing, an antidysentric, and a carminative agent; and for the treatment of gonorrhea, skin diseases, dyspepsia, fever and hemorrhoids
SUDANESE HIBISCUS FLOWERS TYPICAL SPECIFICATIONS & DESCRIPTION Guidelines Description Description Sudanese Hibiscus Flowers (sabdariffa) Packaging Item is typically packed in 50 lb. poly (or less) lined multi-walled sacks (adequately protecting product for shipment) Raw ingredient sample: (a)Visual Purple-red colour. (b)Aroma Floral, berry-like aroma. Free from objectionable off-odours. (c)Texture Lump free, free flowing particles Prepared sample: (a)Visual Clear, deep red solution with some background purple hues. Blue hues are undesirable. (b)Aroma Slight berry aroma. (c)Flabor A well balanced, tart and astringent flavor. Some cranberry notes as well as a slight drying effect. Not excessively tart, acidic or bitter. Should be free of off-flavours and other undesirable spice/botanical notes. Testing Parameters: Test Units: Specifications (a) Free Flow Density G/CC Minimum 0.45, Maximum 0.60 (b) Moisture 12% (c) Total Ash 10% (d) Acid Insoluble Ash 1.5% (e) Sieve Analysis 5 Min Rotate Thru US#20 95.0% Thru US#60 5.0% (f) Insect Fragments each 400 (g) Whole Insects (field/storage) each 25/5 (h) Salmonella negative (i) Coliform 2 of 5 over 10 CFU, 0 of 5 over 100 CFU (j) E. coli (MPN) 2 of 5 over 3 CFU, 0 of 5 over 20 CFU (k) E. coli (Film) 0 of 5 over 10 CFU (l) S. Aureus 1 of 5 over 100 CFU, 0 of 5 over 1000 CFU (m) Standard Plate Count 0 of 5 over 1,000,000 CFU (n) Yeast/Mould 0 of 5 over 10,000 CFU
