o Residual Origin: D6 is a residual product from crude oil refining, remaining after lighter hydrocarbons (e.g., gasoline, diesel) are extracted.
o High Viscosity: Thick consistency necessitates preheating to 220â??260�°F (104â??127�°C) for handling and combustion.
o Energy Density: High energy content makes it efficient for large-scale power generation and marine propulsion.
2. Primary Applications:
o Power Plants: Used due to cost-effectiveness and high energy output, despite infrastructure requirements.
o Marine Use: Historically common in larger ships (e.g., cargo vessels, tankers) equipped with preheating systems.
o Industrial Generators: Suitable for stationary generators requiring robust fuel handling systems.
3. Handling and Infrastructure:
o Preheating Systems: Essential for storage, transport, and combustion to reduce viscosity and prevent solidification.
o Storage Solutions: Heated tanks and insulated pipelines are required to maintain flowability.
o Combustion Requirements: Advanced atomization techniques ensure efficient mixing with air, minimizing incomplete combustion and pollutants
Gasoline is a volatile, flammable liquid fuel primarily used in internal combustion engines. It is derived from crude oil through refining processes such as distillation and blending, ensuring optimal performance for vehicles and machinery.
Key Characteristics: High Octane Rating Ensures efficient engine performance and prevents knocking.
Volatile & Combustible Provides quick ignition and smooth combustion.
Blended with Additives Includes detergents, antioxidants, and octane boosters for improved efficiency and reduced emissions.
Multiple Grades Available Regular, Mid-Grade, and Premium gasoline, differentiated by octane levels.
Specifications: Octane Ratings: Typically 87 (Regular), 89 (Mid-Grade), and 91-94 (Premium)
Density: ~0.71 - 0.77 g/cm
Energy Content: ~44-46 MJ/kg
Flash Point: -40C
Sulfur Content: Varies based on regulatory standards (ultra-low sulfur options available)
Applications: Automotive Fuel Used in cars, motorcycles, and light trucks.
Aviation Fuel (Avgas variants) Used in small piston-engine aircraft.
Small Engines & Generators Powers lawnmowers, chainsaws, and portable generators.
Storage & Handling: Stored in sealed, well-ventilated containers away from heat sources.
Highly flammable handle with care to prevent leaks and spills.
Compliance with environmental regulations to minimize emissions and pollution.
Fuel Oil D6, also known as Bunker C or Residual Fuel Oil, is a high-viscosity, heavy fuel oil primarily used in industrial boilers, large ships, and power plants. It is a residual product of crude oil refining, making it a cost-effective yet energy-dense fuel for large-scale energy production.
Key Characteristics: High Energy Content â?? Provides efficient and sustained energy output.
Thick & Viscous â?? Requires preheating before use due to its high viscosity.
Sulfur Content Variability â?? Available in both high-sulfur and low-sulfur grades to meet environmental regulations.
Residual Fuel â?? Contains heavier hydrocarbons, making it less refined but more economical.
Specifications: Appearance: Dark brown to black viscous liquid
Viscosity: Requires heating to 100-150�°C for proper flow
Sulfur Content: Varies by region and regulation (0.5% - 3.5%)
Density: Approx. 0.96 - 1.02 g/cm�³
Flash Point: Above 60�°C
Heating Value: ~39-41 MJ/kg
Applications: Marine Fuel (Bunker Fuel): Used in large vessels and cargo ships.
Power Plants: Commonly burned in steam power plants for electricity generation.
Industrial Boilers & Furnaces: Provides a cost-effective fuel source for large-scale heating.
Storage & Handling: Stored in heated tanks to maintain fluidity. Requires special handling due to high viscosity. Compliance with environmental regulations for sulfur emissions.
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JP-54 is a specialized type of aviation fuel, often referred to as a "blended kerosene" or "aviation turbine fuel." It is commonly used in Russia and some CIS countries as an alternative to Jet A1 or Jet A. While it is not as widely recognized internationally as Jet A1, it is still a critical fuel for certain aviation operations. Below is a detailed description of JP-54:
1. Composition: Kerosene-Based: JP-54 is primarily a kerosene-type fuel, similar to Jet A1, but it may have a slightly different composition or blending ratio.
Additives: It may contain additives to improve performance, such as:
Antioxidants: To enhance fuel stability.
Corrosion inhibitors: To protect fuel system components.
Static dissipaters: To reduce the risk of static electricity buildup.
2. Key Properties:
Flash Point: Typically above 38C (100F) Ensures safety during handling and storage.
Freezing Point: Generally higher than Jet A1, around -40C (-40F) Suitable for use in moderate climates but may not perform as well in extremely cold conditions compared to Jet A1.
Density: Approximately 775-840 kg/m at 15C Similar to Jet A1, providing a good balance of energy content and combustion efficiency.
Energy Content: Comparable to Jet A1, around 43 MJ/kg Delivers sufficient energy for aircraft operations.
ESPO
Diesel EN 590
Liquefied natural gas (LNG)
Light Cycle Oil (LCO)
UREA 46
Quantity: from 10,000 tons per month.
Payment Terms: SBLC.
Delivery Terms: CIF safe port of the world.
Approximate price: CIF 546$. The final price of urea depends on the country of delivery and will be provided in the FCO after receiving the official LOI and reference from the Buyer.
