Toronto Lignite Coal Suppliers and Manufacturers

Color Black or brown, varying shades Texture Can be smooth, granular, or banded Hardness Soft to hard, depending on coal type Luster Dull to shiny Density Varies depending on coal type, typically around 1.2-1.5 g/cm�³ Porosity Varies, can be porous Composition Mainly composed of carbon, along with hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and trace minerals Moisture Content Can range from a few percent to over 30% Volatile Matter Varies, typically 20-45% Fixed Carbon Varies, typically 40-90% Ash Content Varies, typically 3-30% Heating Value (BTU/lb) Varies depending on coal type, typically 8,000-14,000 BTU/lb Heating Value (MJ/kg) Varies depending on coal type, typically 24-33 MJ/kg Combustion Characteristics Burns to release heat, producing carbon dioxide and other gases

Jet Fuel A1 and Jet Fuel A FOB Basis for Rotterdam and Houston but mostly Rotterdam. Requirements from buyer - ICPO - Company Profile - Verfiable TSA

Material Copper Purity â?¥ 99.95% Shape Rectangular Sheets Dimensions Various sizes available Thickness Typically 5mm - 20mm Width Typically 600mm - 1000mm Length Typically 800mm - 1200mm Weight Typically 50kg - 250kg Color Brownish-red Surface Finish Smooth, clean surface Packaging Bundles or pallets, strapped and wrapped

Cetane Number 51 min Density at 15�°C 820-845 Kinematic Viscosity 2.0-4.5 at 40 C Sulfur Content 10 max Distillation, 90% Recovered at �°C 370 max Total Contamination 24 max Copper Strip Corrosion, 3 hrs at 50�°C Class 1 max Water Content 200 max Sediment Content 0.05 max Cloud Point -5 max Pour Point -15 max Ash Content 0.01 max

Gasoil or D2 is the second distillate obtained from crude oil. There are varying contents of sulphur in Gasoil and D2 products that will affect when the fuel is best to use (seasons) and the cost thereof. To ensure that clients are provided with suitable D2 products, there are ISO industry standards that suppliers must adhere to. Gasoil Gas oil forms part of a family of heavy oils. It is created by means of a process of fractional distillation of petroleum. It is used as a diesel fuel in heating and automotive applications. Gas oil that is used to power off-road vehicles that are used in the industrial, commercial and agricultural communities is often called red diesel. Fuels and oils are taxed differently depending on their purpose gas oil used for tractors; mowers and tippers are dyed red in order for inspectors to tell the difference. Other gas oil is considered white diesel as it is not dyed. D2 Gas Oil This is gas oil that is the second distillate and is obtained through the processing of crude oil. Reformers and additives are not required to make use of this fuel. The version of D2 that has lower sulphur content is called GOST 305-82. It is presented to the market as a major reduction in pollution gas oil. GOST 305-82 GOST 305-82 is D2 with lower sulphur content. GOST is a variant of Gasoil and D2 that is in line with ISO industry standards with a sulphur content of 0.02% max. This is known as Ultra Low Sulphur fuel. Low sulphur fuel is that with 0.2% sulphur content.

D6 is a type of residual fuel, mainly used in power plants and larger ships. The fuel requires to be preheated before it can be used. It is not possible to use it in smaller engines or vessels/vehicles where it is not possible to pre-heat it. D6 is its name in the USA. In other parts of the world, it has other names. Residual means the material remaining after the more valuable cuts of crude oil have boiled off. The residue may contain various undesirable impurities including 2% water and one- half percent mineral soil. D6 fuel is also known as residual fuel oil (RFO), by the Navy specification of Bunker C, or by the Pacific Specification of PS-400.

Urea is a kind of high-concentration nitrogen fertilizer, which belongs to neutral quick-effect fertilizer and can also be used in producing various compound fertilizers. No harmful substances will be left in the soil, and long-time application will not cause adverse effects. Used in animal husbandry, it is feed of ruminants. Fertilizer urea is a small diameter, solid spherical white product that is infinitely soluble in water and is a benign and safe chemical to handle. When gardens need lots of nitrogen fast, fertilizer urea provides it. At 46 percent nitrogen, it is more effective than any other nitrogen fertilizers. Fertilizer urea is a high concentration of nitrogen fertilizer and it a neutral organic fertilizer. It can also be used in the production of a variety of compound fertilizer. Urea 46% prilled A high-purity, white, odorless, crystalline solid that is made up of small, spherical granules.� It's also known as automotive prilled urea or technical grade prilled urea. Prilled urea is a quick- release fertilizer that dissolves easily in water.� Urea 46% prilled and granular are both solid nitrogen fertilizers that are used in agriculture and other industrial applications. Urea 46% granular A solid nitrogen fertilizer that comes in the form of larger, harder granules that are more resistant to moisture than prilled urea.� Granulated urea is a more suitable material for fertilizer blends.� Urea 46% is a petrochemical product derived from natural gas and petroleum feedstocks. I9;s a key nitrogen source for plants, which is essential for their growth.

Granular sulfur is the raw material state of sulfur. Granular sulfur consists of� small yellow particles that quickly disperse or break down in the soil. Its physical form is solid, and as expected, it has a sulfuric odor. The material is soft, easily crumbles, and is insoluble in water, although it does dissolve in some organic solvents such as carbon disulfide. It is sulfur that has been taken from the refinery or extracted from the mine and has not been processed. Sulfur can be found in pure form in nature, as well as in combination with other elements. Granular Sulfur is the unprocessed commercial name of the element Sulfur, that is, sulfur with its well-known name. Due to its physical condition, Lamp is the general name used for Sulfur, which is also called chips. Granular sulfur in agriculture, due to the hardness of its structure, oxidation is impossible, it can be used by making it powdered or micronized by physical interventions. In addition, such products are also called Granular Sulfur due to the fact that Powdered or Liquid sulfur can be mixed with other components to make it granular. Granulated sulphur is� mainly used in the production of sulfuric acid, phosphorus fertilizers, plant protection chemicals, paper, food industry, agriculture, auto tires, explosives, chemicals and dyes, wastewater treatment, such as wastewater treatment also finds a wide range of uses and in the steel industry. Granulated sulphur is used in the manufacture of sulfuric acid, phosphate fertilizers and plant protection products, and in the steel industry.

Petroleum coke is a solid by-product of petroleum refining and is used in the production of carbon electrodes for the aluminum industry, graphite electrodes for steel making, as fuel in power generation, and as fuel for cement kilns. Petroleum coke is a chunky powdered carbon product derived from petroleum. If petroleum coke is heated to a high temperature, it may emit volatiles such as polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, which could be suspect carcinogens. Such exposures can occur in coke oven workers. North American production of petroleum coke or petcoke, as it's commonly known, has been steadily increasing since the late 80s. But innovations in bitumen extraction have allowed petcoke production to shoot up in recent years.

Jet A1 is a kerosene-type fuel. Jet fuel or aviation turbine fuel is a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines. It is colorless to straw-colored in appearance. The most commonly used fuels for commercial aviation are Jet A and Jet A-1, which are produced to a standardized international specification. During the refining process only 8% of the crude oil is made up of Jet fuel.

Mazut a heavy low-quality fuel used in power generating plants and similar applications. In the U.S. and Western Europe, mazut is blended or broken down, with the final product that is diesel. The Mazut-100 is a fuel that is produced under the GOST specifications, for example GOST 10585-99. Mazut is almost exclusively manufactured in the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. The most important thing is to qualify the fuel sulfur content. The VLS Mazut 100-75 and 100-99 Mazut Grade I are actually the same thing. GOST merged the old classifications of 75 and 99 in a new classification of seven degrees, all under 100-99. For some reason, many people still use the old adjective 75, particularly the Chinese.

Liquefied petroleum gases (LPG): A group of hydrocarbon gases, primarily propane, normal butane, and isobutane, derived from crude oil refining or natural gas processing. These gases may be marketed individually or mixed. Liquefied petroleum gas, also referred to as LPG or LP gas, is� a fuel gas which contains a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases, specifically propane, n-butane and isobutane. LPG, any of several liquid mixtures of the volatile hydrocarbonâ??s propene, propane, butene, and butane. It was used as early as 1860 for a portable fuel source, and its production and consumption for both domestic and industrial use have expanded ever since. A typical commercial mixture may also contain ethane and ethylene, as well as a volatile mercaptan, an odorant added as a safety precaution.

liquefied natural gas (LNG), natural gas (primarily methane) that has been liquefied for ease of storing and transporting. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is 600 times smaller than natural gas when the latter is in its gaseous form, and it can be easily shipped overseas. LNG is produced by cooling natural gas below its boiling point, â??162 �°C (â??259 �°F), and is stored in double-walled cryogenic containers at or slightly above atmospheric pressure. It can be converted back to its gaseous form by simply raising the temperature. Natural gas is a hydrocarbon mixture consisting primarily of saturated light paraffins such as methane and ethane, both of which are gaseous under atmospheric conditions. The mixture also may contain other hydrocarbons, such as propane, butane, pentane, and hexane. In natural gas reservoirs even, the heavier hydrocarbons occur for the most part in gaseous form because of the higher pressures. They usually liquefy at the surface (at atmospheric pressure) and are produced separately as natural gas liquids (NGLs), either in field separators or in gas processing plants. Once separated from the gas stream, the NGLs can be further separated into fractions, ranging from the heaviest condensates (hexanes, pentanes, and butanes) through liquefied petroleum gas (LPG; essentially butane and propane) to ethane. This source of light hydrocarbons is especially prominent in the United States, where natural gas processing provides a major portion of the ethane feedstock for olefin manufacture and the LPG for heating and commercial purposes.

Light Cycle Oil (LCO) is a diesel boiling range product from� fluid catalytic cracking� units. flexible process to process LCO into desired products such as very-low sulphur diesel and high- octane high-aromatics naphtha. It is a light lubricating oil that is suitable for use on bicycles and similar equipment. It is a diesel boiling range product� from fluid catalytic cracking units. Light cycle oil is a poor diesel fuel blending component. LCO are produced at the bottom of the fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) process in a refinery and are enriched with� 50-80 wt% heterocyclic aromatic compounds, 3 wt% S, and 600 ppm N.

Fuel Oil is a fraction obtained from petroleum distillation, either as a distillate or a residue. Broadly speaking, oil is any liquid petroleum product, which is burned in a furnace or boiler for the generation of heat or used in an engine for the generation of power, except oils having a flash point of approximately 40 C (104 F). Oil is made of long hydrocarbon chains, particularly alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatics. The term Fuel Oil is also used in a stricter sense to refer only to the heaviest commercial fuel that can be obtained from crude oil, heavier than gasoline and naphtha. Fuel oils are used as fuel for power generation, marine bunkers and large industrial heating plants. Fuel oil 180 CST, also known as Bunker Fuel or Residual Fuel Oil, is characterized by its viscosity, which is measured in centistokes (CST).� The number 180 indicates the maximum viscosity of the oil at 50 degrees Celsius. This specification makes it a relatively thick and viscous fuel, compared to lighter fuel oils. Both CST 180 and CST 380 fuel oils are considered heavy fuel oils and are commonly used in the shipping industry. They are often referred to as bunker fuels and are used in vessels like cargo ships, container ships, and oil tankers.

Crude oil is a naturally occurring, unrefined petroleum product that is made up of a mixture of hydrocarbons and other organic compounds. It is the raw material that is used to produce a variety of refined petroleum products, including gasoline, diesel fuel, and heating oil. Crude oil is extracted from the earth through drilling and is transported to refineries where it is processed and refined into various products. Crude oil has a wide range of physical properties. Crude oil is made up of 84.5% carbon, 13% hydrogen, 1â??3% sulfur, and less than 1% each of nitrogen, oxygen, metals, and salts. REBCO is a specific type of crude oil that is produced in Russia and the surrounding regions. It is a high-quality crude oil that is known for its low sulfur content and low viscosity. The middle east light crude oil is also high-quality crude oil. The GOST 51 858-2002 specification refers to the Russian standard for REBCO, which outlines the crude oils characteristics and performance requirements. Gost 51 858 2002 offers from exporters, manufacturers, suppliers, wholesalers and distributors globally by price, and quality of the oil. REBCO is an important commodity in the global energy market, and it is carefully regulated to ensure that it meets the necessary standards for safety and performance. Maximum Sulfur Content 1,8% Paraffin Content 6,0%, Maximum Water & Sediment Content 1,2%, Distillation, Weight 21% Up to 200 N min 21, Up to 300 N min 41, Up to 350 N min 50 and Maximum salts content, MG/L 100.