Phosphates are chemical compounds containing phosphorus, a naturally occurring mineral, and oxygen that are used in a wide variety of applications Uses and Applications Use of Polyphosphates for their diverse functionality in water based paints and coatings. Phosphates Used in the Processing of Various Ceramics. Inventory of Phosphate Applications and Uses. Phosphoric acid-based chemical polishes are used primarily to chemically polish (brighten) aluminum and aluminum alloys. Many phosphorus-containing materials are used as flame-retardants for textiles, plastics, coatings, paper, sealants and mastics. "Phosphates and phosphoric acid have many uses in the treatment of potable (drinking) water. Cleaning solutions with phosphates help clean mildew and stubborn stains on vinyl siding.