Bentonite is a clay consisting mainly of smectite minerals, commonly formed by decomposition of volcanic ash or tuff, or sometimes from other igneous or sedimentary rocks. Bentonite is a very plastic clay that shrinks (or swells) markedly in response to the removal (or addition) of water. The main uses of bentonite are in drilling mud and as a binder, purifier, absorbent, and carrier for fertilizers or pesticides. As of around 1990, almost half of the US production of bentonite was used as drilling mud. Minor uses include filler, sealant, and catalyst in petroleum refining.
The term bitumen refers to a substance produced through the distillation of crude oil Bitumen is known for its waterproofing and adhesive properties and is commonly used in the construction industry notably for roads and highways The two Bitumen grades are 6070 and 80100 The difference between 6070 and 80100 penetration grade is the penetration range Bitumen 6070 has lower penetration which means it is harder than bitumen 80100 Bitumen 6070 is better suited for use in hot climates and can withstand heavy traffic loads unlike bitumen 80100 According to the ASTM D36 method the softening point of bitumen 6070 is between 49 to 56C and the flash point of bitumen 6070 is 250 C Another important factor is density Due to the ASTM D70 the density of bitumen 6070 is equal to 10344 Bitumen Penetration Grade 85100 is a standard penetration grade Bitumen usually used as a Paving Grade Bitumen suitable for road construction and for the production of asphalt pavements with superior properties This grade of Bitumen is mainly used in the manufacture of hot mix asphalt for bases and wearing courses
Petroleum coke is a solid by-product of petroleum refining and is used in the production of carbon electrodes for the aluminum industry, graphite electrodes for steel making, as fuel in power generation, and as fuel for cement kilns. Petroleum coke is a chunky powdered carbon product derived from petroleum. If petroleum coke is heated to a high temperature, it may emit volatiles such as polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, which could be suspect carcinogens. Such exposures can occur in coke oven workers. North American production of petroleum coke or petcoke, as it's commonly known, has been steadily increasing since the late 80s. But innovations in bitumen extraction have allowed petcoke production to shoot up in recent years.
Light Cycle Oil LCO is a diesel boiling range product from fluid catalytic cracking units flexible process to process LCO into desired products such as verylow sulphur diesel and high octane higharomatics naphtha It is a light lubricating oil that is suitable for use on bicycles and similar equipment
It is a diesel boiling range product from fluid catalytic cracking units Light cycle oil is a poor diesel fuel blending component LCO are produced at the bottom of the fluidized catalytic cracking FCC process in a refinery and are enriched with 5080 wt heterocyclic aromatic compounds 3 wt S and 600 ppm N
Crude oil is a naturally occurring unrefined petroleum product that is made up of a mixture of hydrocarbons and other organic compounds It is the raw material that is used to produce a variety of refined petroleum products including gasoline diesel fuel and heating oil Crude oil is extracted from the earth through drilling and is transported to refineries where it is processed and refined into various products Crude oil has a wide range of physical properties Crude oil is made up of 845 carbon 13 hydrogen 13 sulfur and less than 1 each of nitrogen oxygen metals and salts
REBCO is a specific type of crude oil that is produced in Russia and the surrounding regions It is a highquality crude oil that is known for its low sulfur content and low viscosity The middle east light crude oil is also highquality crude oil The GOST 51 8582002 specification refers to the Russian standard for REBCO which outlines the crude oils characteristics and performance requirements Gost 51 858 2002 offers from exporters manufacturers suppliers wholesalers and distributors globally by price and quality of the oil
REBCO is an important commodity in the global energy market and it is carefully regulated to ensure that it meets the necessary standards for safety and performance Maximum Sulfur Content 18 Paraffin Content 60 Maximum Water Sediment Content 12 Distillation Weight 21 Up to 200 N min 21 Up to 300 N min 41 Up to 350 N min 50 and Maximum salts content MGL 100
Gasoil or D2 is the second distillate obtained from crude oil. There are varying contents of sulphur in Gasoil and D2 products that will affect when the fuel is best to use (seasons) and the cost thereof. To ensure that clients are provided with suitable D2 products, there are ISO industry standards that suppliers must adhere to.
Gasoil
Gas oil forms part of a family of heavy oils. It is created by means of a process of fractional distillation of petroleum. It is used as a diesel fuel in heating and automotive applications. Gas oil that is used to power off-road vehicles that are used in the industrial, commercial and agricultural communities is often called â??red dieselâ??. Fuels and oils are taxed differently depending on their purpose â?? gas oil used for tractors; mowers and tippers are dyed red in order for inspectors to tell the difference. Other gas oil is considered â??white dieselâ?? as it is not dyed.
D2 Gas Oil
This is gas oil that is the second distillate and is obtained through the processing of crude oil. Reformers and additives are not required to make use of this fuel. The version of D2 that has lower sulphur content is called GOST 305-82. It is presented to the market as a major reduction in pollution gas oil.
GOST 305-82
GOST 305-82 is D2 with lower sulphur content. GOST is a variant of Gasoil and D2 that is in line with ISO industry standards with a sulphur content of 0.02% max. This is known as Ultra Low Sulphur fuel. Low sulphur fuel is that with 0.2% sulphur content.
Ultralow sulfur diesel ULSD is a cleanerburning diesel fuel that contains a maximum of 15 parts per million ppm of sulfur ULSD contains 97 less sulfur than lowsulfur diesel LSD which typically contains 500 ppm of sulfur The European Union began mandating the reduction of diesel sulfur content in 1993 and the United States started phasing in ULSD requirements for highway vehicles in 2006 It was developed to allow for the use of improved pollution control devices that reduce diesel emissions ULSD can significantly reduce emissions when used in combination with cleanerburning diesel engines and vehicles It may react with strong acids or strong oxidizing agents such as chlorates nitrates and peroxides You should avoid contact with heat sparks fire and oxidizing agents The appearance of ULSD should be clear and bright free from visible sediment and water
EN590 Diesel-10PPM Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) is a premium diesel fuel. EN 590 10 ppm is� a type of diesel fuel with a sulfur content of 10 parts per million (ppm).� It\'s a low- emission diesel fuel that\'s ideal for power generators, tower cranes, construction trucks, and excavators with diesel engines.� It conforms the European standard EN590, with an ultra-low sulfur content of only 10 parts per million (PPM). This type of diesel is known for its environmental benefits and is widely used in modern diesel engines.
D6 is a type of residual fuel, mainly used in power plants and larger ships. The fuel requires to be preheated before it can be used. It is not possible to use it in smaller engines or vessels/vehicles where it is not possible to pre-heat it. D6 is its name in the USA. In other parts of the world, it has other names.
Residual means the material remaining after the more valuable cuts of crude oil have boiled off. The residue may contain various undesirable impurities including 2% water and one- half percent mineral soil. D6 fuel is also known as residual fuel oil (RFO), by the Navy specification of Bunker C, or by the Pacific Specification of PS-400.
liquefied natural gas (LNG), natural gas (primarily methane) that has been liquefied for ease of storing and transporting. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is 600 times smaller than natural gas when the latter is in its gaseous form, and it can be easily shipped overseas. LNG is produced by cooling natural gas below its boiling point, â??162 �°C (â??259 �°F), and is stored in double-walled cryogenic containers at or slightly above atmospheric pressure. It can be converted back to its gaseous form by simply raising the temperature.
Natural gas is a hydrocarbon mixture consisting primarily of saturated light paraffins such as methane and ethane, both of which are gaseous under atmospheric conditions. The mixture also may contain other hydrocarbons, such as propane, butane, pentane, and hexane. In natural gas reservoirs even, the heavier hydrocarbons occur for the most part in gaseous form because of the higher pressures. They usually liquefy at the surface (at atmospheric pressure) and are produced separately as natural gas liquids (NGLs), either in field separators or in gas processing plants. Once separated from the gas stream, the NGLs can be further separated into fractions, ranging from the heaviest condensates (hexanes, pentanes, and butanes) through liquefied petroleum gas (LPG; essentially butane and propane) to ethane. This source of light hydrocarbons is especially prominent in the United States, where natural gas processing provides a major portion of the ethane feedstock for olefin manufacture and the LPG for heating and commercial purposes.
Liquefied petroleum gases (LPG): A group of hydrocarbon gases, primarily propane, normal butane, and isobutane, derived from crude oil refining or natural gas processing. These gases may be marketed individually or mixed.
Liquefied petroleum gas, also referred to as LPG or LP gas, is� a fuel gas which contains a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases, specifically propane, n-butane and isobutane. LPG, any of several liquid mixtures of the volatile hydrocarbonâ??s propene, propane, butene, and butane. It was used as early as 1860 for a portable fuel source, and its production and consumption for both domestic and industrial use have expanded ever since. A typical commercial mixture may also contain ethane and ethylene, as well as a volatile mercaptan, an odorant added as a safety precaution.
Fuel Oil is a fraction obtained from petroleum distillation either as a distillate or a residue Broadly speaking oil is any liquid petroleum product which is burned in a furnace or boiler for the generation of heat or used in an engine for the generation of power except oils having a flash point of approximately 40 C 104 F Oil is made of long hydrocarbon chains particularly alkanes cycloalkanes and aromatics The term Fuel Oil is also used in a stricter sense to refer only to the heaviest commercial fuel that can be obtained from crude oil heavier than gasoline and naphtha
Fuel oils are used as fuel for power generation marine bunkers and large industrial heating plants Fuel oil 180 CST also known as Bunker Fuel or Residual Fuel Oil is characterized by its viscosity which is measured in centistokes CST The number 180 indicates the maximum viscosity of the oil at 50 degrees Celsius This specification makes it a relatively thick and viscous fuel compared to lighter fuel oils Both CST 180 and CST 380 fuel oils are considered heavy fuel oils and are commonly used in the shipping industry They are often referred to as bunker fuels and are used in vessels like cargo ships container ships and oil tankers
The full name of Jet Fuel A1 is the aviation Kerosene Colonial Grade 54 Jet Fuel JP 54 Jet fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gasturbine engines It is clear to strawcolored in appearance The most commonly used fuels for commercial aviation are Jet A and Jet A1 which are produced to a standardized international specification Jet fuel is a mixture of a large number of different hydrocarbons The range of their sizes is restricted by the requirements for the product for example the freezing point or smoke point Kerosenetype jet fuel has a carbon number distribution between about 8 and 16 carbon numbers carbon atoms per molecule wide cut or naphthatype jet fuel including Jet B between about 5 and 15 carbon number Jet A1 is the standard specification fuel used in the rest of the world Jet A1 has a flash point higher than 38C 100 F with an autoignition temperature of 210 C 410 F
Automotive Gas Oil (AGO) is also known as diesel because it is a by-product of crude oil. It is gotten in the mid-boiling range of the crude oil refining process. AGO is a less flammable fuel compared to other petroleum products such as premium motor spirit. AGO is used in two main types of vehicles namely heavy-duty vehicles, such as trucks and buses and light-duty vehicles, such as vans and passenger cars. Both oil and natural gas are made up primarily of hydrocarbon (H), which is a chemical compound consisting entirely of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). They can be classified further into a variety of types depending on the structure of molecules and how they are bound.
Mazut a heavy lowquality fuel used in power generating plants and similar applications In the US and Western Europe mazut is blended or broken down with the final product that is diesel The Mazut100 is a fuel that is produced under the GOST specifications for example GOST 1058599 Mazut is almost exclusively manufactured in the Russian Federation Kazakhstan Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan The most important thing is to qualify the fuel sulfur content The VLS Mazut 10075 and 10099 Mazut Grade I are actually the same thing GOST merged the old classifications of 75 and 99 in a new classification of seven degrees all under 10099 For some reason many people still use the old adjective 75 particularly the Chinese
Jet A1 is a� kerosene-type fuel. Jet fuel or aviation turbine fuel is a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines. It is colorless to straw-colored in appearance. The most commonly used fuels for commercial aviation are Jet A and Jet A-1, which are produced to a standardized international specification. During the refining process only 8% of the crude oil is made up of Jet fuel.
Granular sulfur is the raw material state of sulfur. Granular sulfur consists of� small yellow particles that quickly disperse or break down in the soil. Its physical form is solid, and as expected, it has a sulfuric odor. The material is soft, easily crumbles, and is insoluble in water, although it does dissolve in some organic solvents such as carbon disulfide.
It is sulfur that has been taken from the refinery or extracted from the mine and has not been processed. Sulfur can be found in pure form in nature, as well as in combination with other elements. Granular Sulfur is the unprocessed commercial name of the element Sulfur, that is, sulfur with its well-known name. Due to its physical condition, Lamp is the general name used for Sulfur, which is also called chips. Granular sulfur in agriculture, due to the hardness of its structure, oxidation is impossible, it can be used by making it powdered or micronized by physical interventions. In addition, such products are also called Granular Sulfur due to the fact that Powdered or Liquid sulfur can be mixed with other components to make it granular.
Granulated sulphur is� mainly used in the production of sulfuric acid, phosphorus fertilizers, plant protection chemicals, paper, food industry, agriculture, auto tires, explosives, chemicals and dyes, wastewater treatment, such as wastewater treatment also finds a wide range of uses and in the steel industry. Granulated sulphur is used in the manufacture of sulfuric acid, phosphate fertilizers and plant protection products, and in the steel industry.
Urea is a kind of high-concentration nitrogen fertilizer, which belongs to neutral quick-effect fertilizer and can also be used in producing various compound fertilizers. No harmful substances will be left in the soil, and long-time application will not cause adverse effects. Used in animal husbandry, it is feed of ruminants.
Fertilizer urea is a small diameter, solid spherical white product that is infinitely soluble in water and is a benign and safe chemical to handle. When gardens need lots of nitrogen fast, fertilizer urea provides it. At 46 percent nitrogen, it is more effective than any other nitrogen fertilizers. Fertilizer urea is a high concentration of nitrogen fertilizer and it a neutral organic fertilizer. It can also be used in the production of a variety of compound fertilizer.
Urea 46% prilled
A high-purity, white, odorless, crystalline solid that is made up of small, spherical granules.� It's also known as automotive prilled urea or technical grade prilled urea. Prilled urea is a quick- release fertilizer that dissolves easily in water.� Urea 46% prilled and granular are both solid nitrogen fertilizers that are used in agriculture and other industrial applications.
Urea 46% granular
A solid nitrogen fertilizer that comes in the form of larger, harder granules that are more resistant to moisture than prilled urea.� Granulated urea is a more suitable material for fertilizer blends.� Urea 46% is a petrochemical product derived from natural gas and petroleum feedstocks. I9;s a key nitrogen source for plants, which is essential for their growth.
