Palm kernel shell (PKS) is actually the by-product from palm oil industry, before the era for palm kernel shell being used as biomass, the oil palm owner will bury the palm kernel shell underneath the land and let it becomes black color palm kernel compost. This is sort of organic fertilizer but because of the hard shell, it takes much longer time for converting totally to organic fertilizer. It is well known biomass product because of it small in size and high in heat energy or calorific value. Palm kernel is kernel from oil palm fruit. After the oil palm fruit gone through the palm oil process, the kernel will be separated and kernel oil will further be distilled and it also gained it status as a bio fuel resource for biomass product. It also classified as a renewable energy that complies with country energy regulation, such as Japan, Korea and Europe. Palm kernel shell also consider as the replacement for wood chip. Gross Calorie Value : 3.600 Kcal , Moisture : 14-20% ( Maximum 20% due to rain ) , Impurities : < 3% ( Maximum 3%) , Ash Content : < 3% ( Maximum 5%) , Size : 4-20mm. , Sulfur : < 0.1% ( Maximum 1%) .
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BITTER KOLA/GARCINIA KOLA is a tropical flowering plant found in western and central Africa, which produces large, orange fruits and brown, nut-like seeds embedded in an orange-colored pulp. The seed plays a very important role in African ethno-medicine, in the treatment of coughs, colds, hoarseness of voice, liver diseases, and as aphrodisiac. Garcinia kola is used as a substitute for hops in brewing lager beer, and in preventing beer spoilage. The seeds have been formulated into tablets and are also used in many herbal preparations, either singly or in combination with other plants. Hepa-Vital Tea, a blend of G. kola and Combretum micranttum, and Hangover Tonic, comprising kolaviron and Cola nitida, are manufactured and marketed as phytomedicines. The constituents isolated from the seed include xanthones, benzophenones, and kolaviron. The hepatoprotective properties of the seed have been associated with the isolated bioflavonoid complex kolaviron.