The crude mustard oil is dark brown in colour with a pungent odor. Refined mustard oil is used mainly for cooking as it is slightly more viscous and has a lower saponification value and a higher refractive index compared to other vegetable oils. Mustard Oil is obtained using cold press method which means the oil is extracted from the seeds by pressing the seeds at normal temperatures till they spill out oil.
ANALYSIS VALUES Organoleptic Bright, clear; with absence of foreign odors and flavors Peroxide index 0.1 – 1.0 (meq O2 / Kg) Free fatty acid as oleic acid 0.03 – 0.07 (g / 100g) Lovibond color Yellow 10 – 15 (in 133.35mm cell) Red 0.6 – 1.5 (in 133.35mm cell) Unsaponifiable matter Max.: 1.00 (g / 100g) Soap Max.: 10 (ppm) Winter Test Oil will remain clear after cooling it for 24hs a 0ºC Moisture and volatile matter Max.: 0.05 (g / 100g) Impurities Will not contain naked eye Insoluble impurities Max.: 0.02 (g / 100g) Specific gravity at 25ºC 0.9133 – 0.9175 Refractive index at 25ºC 1.4706 – 1.4740 Iodine index 110 – 140 (g I2 / 100g) Saponification value 188 – 192 (mg OHK / g) Halphen – Gastaldi test Negative Linolenic acid Max.: 0.3 (as fatty acid / 100g of total fatty acids)
The oil is produced by crushing the seeds or by grinding them, then mixing them with water and distilling them. The white mustard generates a yellowish coloured, pungent oil, whereas the black mustard produces a lighter coloured and stronger tasting oil. Direct pressing the seeds yields a simple mustard oil preparation. This produces a mustard oil with a strong flavour. Crushing the seeds and then separating the oil is another way to make mustard oil. Mustard oil and meal are produced by both extraction methods. When mustard seeds are processed in a mustard oil plant, a by-product is created in the form of seed pressed cakes, which contain very little oil. These cakes from the distillation process are used to make oil cakes, which are then fed to animals. The oil cake is left over after the production process provides 37% oil.
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