Large conveyance: Conveyance of bulk materials in a closed case; cement, chemical, and food industries Flow Conveyor Chain moves bulk materials in a closed case. It conveys the particles horizontally, on a slight incline, or vertically in an arrangement shaped like the letter L. This conveyor is sometimes called a Redler Conveyor. Generally, a flow conveyor is used widely in the conveyance of bulk materials such as cement and fertilizer in chemical industries, and grain in food industries. Because it is enclosed, dust from the conveyed materials is contained, and will not pollute the surrounding area. A flow conveyor is not usually used to move sticky, dusty, or low-density products. A flow conveyor set up to move cement has an average capacity of 300 ton/h and a speed of 35 m/min. Usually one strand of chain is used. Specially shaped attachments with large clearances are installed on small pitch or large pitch conveyor chains. The chain operates in a casing filled with conveyed material, such as grain, flour, or ash. This is based on a phenomenon used in a basic science experiment; when you put sand in a long cylinder, closed at one end with paper, and push the sand with all your strength, the paper cannot be broken if the cylinder is long enough. This is because the friction between the sand and the cylinder absorbs all of the pushing force. Conversely, in the flow conveyor, the attachments work as moving walls, and the sand moves along with it. To lift conveyed objects, the friction at the bottom wall of the conveyor must support the weight of the vertical portion, therefore, the conveyor must have a bottom line "L" shape. Because there is very little relative movement among the conveyed materials in this application, breakage is rare. The case width is determined by the attachment dimensions; usually it is less than 750 mm. Chains for flow conveyors include: RF03075 (average tensile strength, 29 kN) through RF26200 (314 kN) for grain conveyance; RF450W (108 kN) through RF36300N (868 kN) for other applications.